We
will get started at 8:30.
Cameras
on. Mics muted.
Today’s
agenda:
1.
Causal verbs- let make, help ask tell
2.
Continue “The Ninny”. Consider the questions.
3.
Tomorrow: Sentence
combining from homework
Test#4 “The Ninny” paragraph
Causative verbs/Causal verbs-
most common, most useful: help let make, help ask tell
causative verb- a verb that makes another verb happen
help, let, make:
Joan helped her son do his homework. help
– do
You help me fix the car.
help + infinitive –‘to’
let + infinitive –‘to’
- meaning ‘allow’
She let her son to play video games.
The patient dog let the kids put a dress on
him.
I don’t let people smoke in my house.
My boss let me leave early today.
make + infinitive –‘to’ – force, compel
Jun’s mother makes her to take piano
lessons.
Sarah’s son made her late for work today.
help ask tell
help + infinitive
She helped him to get a job.
We help our neighbours to organize a Block Watch
program.
ask + infinitive
I ask my son to change the tires on his mother’s
bicycle.
Jun asked Mammut to come to his party.
tell+ infinitive
Joan told her sister to stop using her phone.
The car shop told me to replace the tires on my
car.
NOTE: ‘help’ can be done both ways
Maria helps her son do his homework.
OR
Maria helps her son to do his homework.
Question: Does Maria
help her son do his homework?
Does
Maria help her son to do his homework?
REVIEW
help let make + infinitive –‘to’
help ask tell + infinitive
**Preposition choice doesn’t follow clear rules. You have to
become familiar with them through daily listening and reading. People who use
prepositions are the ones who use English in their real life.
Try some sentences with causative verbs in chat:
1. I helped my
grandma last Saturday her garden. XXX
I helped my grandma plant her garden last
Saturday.
3. My father told
me to help him in the garage.
4. My mum asks me
cook fried to fry / to cook noodles for her.
ask +infinitive
6. My mother ask
me to clean up the yard today. agr
My mother asks me to clean up the yard today.
Pay attentions to subject verb agreement. It will really
lower your marks.
7. My teacher let
us practice English sentences in the class.
8. He asked me to
go to work earlier today.
9. Let him follow
his heart to do anything he will wants.
10. Jill asked me
to settle her grocery on the refrigerator. XXX
Jill asked me to put her groceries in the refrigerator.
11. I let my sister to borrow my make-up. XXX
I
let my sister borrow my make-up.
let
+ infinitive –‘to’
12. Mary tells me
not to go to the park at night. agr
13. She helped me
learn to drive.
14. I told my
friend to come to Canada.
15. Her speech
makes me cry.
16. Jon helps Sarah
fixing the window. XXX
Jon helps Sarah fix the window.
OR
Jon helps Sarah to fix the window.
17. I let Fayez to
go his close friend graduation party late at night. XXX
I let Fayez go to his close friend’s graduation party late
at night.
18. She asks
her friend to come to Nordstom to have
lunch.
Subject verb agreement errors will lower you mark.
19. I asked her
to prepare for the exam.
20. Michael let her
friend use his car after work. past tense
21. The government should
let people go out without masks.
22. I go to the
beach to play volleyball. XXX Not causative.
23. She makes
him accept her opinion.
make = force, compel
24. My niece ask
asked/asks me to watch a movie with her. agr
25. I will never let/allow
my little brother to carry the heavy things.
27. Danielle made
her brother clean up his room.
28. This face mask makes
your face feel more hydrated.
29. I let/allow my
brother drive my new car.
‘let’ & ‘allow’ – same meaning
let + infinitive –‘to’
allow + infinitive
There are many more causative verbs.
https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/causative-verbs-list/
Go for it! Learn more.
These are the ones that you use everyday, all day long:
help let make, help ask tell
For example, ‘inspire’ is a causative verb, but we don’t use
it everyday.
My grandmother inspired me to learn the piano. NOT EVERYDAY
TALKING
Can you help me get the room ready? EVERYDAY USAGE
Area for mistakes:
You help me fixing the computer. XXX
She help me to fixing the computer. XXX
FIX
You helped me fix the computer.
help + fix
help +to fix
help + fixing XXX
ask + to go
I will ask you to go to the party.
I will ask you going to the party. XXX vf
I will ask you go to the party. XXX vf
Few more examples from you:
1.
I ask my brother to help me solving math problems. 2
causative verbs
I ask my brother to help
me solving to solve/solve math problems.
I ask my brother to help
me with math problems.
I ask you to help clean the kitchen.
2 causative verbs
2.
He asked his teacher to give him another
chance.
COMMON ERRORS:
He asked his teacher giving
him another chance. XXX
He asked his teacher gave him
another chance. XXX
These kind of verb errors will
really hurt your marks.
3.
She helps her sister pass her exam.
OR
She helps her sister to pass her exam.
4.
The government makes people to stay at home. XXX
The government makes people stay at home.
5.
My boss asks me to finish the contract by tomorrow.
Perfect!
My boss asked me to finish and to send
the contract by tomorrow.
6.
Let me prove myself.
Sounds copied.
This is just one of the complexities of English. You will
have to deal with it. You don’t want to be using a half English/half madeup
language.
It sounds like there is some interest in these causative
verbs. Do some work on your own. Look up some websites, consult Azar. I will be
happy to answer questions as well as I can.
Today, I taught the basics of causative verbs. There are
deeper levels to explore.
The Ninny
“standing on ceremony”- ceremonial,
too polite to ask,
He owes her money, but she is too polite to ask for it.
He owes her wages, and he should pay her. He doesn’t pay her
because she does not ask for her money.
He is abusing his power as a boss by not paying her on time
and what she is owed.
He is taking advantage of her politeness.
“nitwit” “ninny” “spineless” – insults, fool, dummy, no
backbone, allows themselves to be pushed around, allows people to take
advantage of them, allows people to mistreat them
This is a story of human nature.
Common struggle for many people- learning to be assertive,
learning to stand up for yourself
governess- live-in teacher, tutor, take care of the
children, au pair, nanny and teacher, responsibility for childcare
“Yulia Vasilyevna blushed and picked at the trimmings of her
dress”
blush- face turns red from embarassment or shame, turn beet
red
- nervous reaction, kept her hands busy while she feels
nervous
self-soothing
This speaks to Yulias’s state of mind. She is nervous and
distressed by this man’s actions. She is very anxious.
The terrible thing is that this man is doing it on purpose.
He is intentionally trying to make her feel ill-at-ease.
This is what I
despise about this character, the man; that he is using his
position of power
to intimidate this young woman who is relatively
powerless, at
least compared to him.
boss, partner,
VIP customer, teacher, building owner, landlord,
government
worker, doctor, parent, sibling, friend, relatives, care
providers
SETTING – time,
place
Russia – author
is Russian, rubles, names sound Russian
time? year? long
time ago – 100 years ago, Chechov lived in 19th C.
died 1904,
two months salary
– 80 rubles
The themes are
universals.
We will pick this up tomorrow. Review those questions that I
emailed you.
Does anybody have questions about “The Ninny”
-setting
-character
- theme- main idea behind the story, main lesson
Stories do not have to be instructive. – do not have to a
simple moral lesson
-ambiguities, uncertainties – don’t have to find the one meaning
-story can have many meanings
last line – “how easy in the ‘living world’ to be strong” MORE
CORRECT
‘living world’ Meaning? ‘in reality’
-related to the Church ‘this world’ Earth not heaven
TRANSLATION IS COMPLEX
another translation “how easy it is to crush the weak”
MY TAKE- story about power, abuse of power
man in position of power
Yulia is a lower status
Chekhov is sympathetic to Yulia.
It is very easy to abuse the power that you have.
Canadian education is all about critical thinking and independent
thinking.
Test tomorrow- choice of literary or narrative paragraph
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