Today’s Agenda
· Attendance
· Verb tense- past
progressive
· Begin complex
sentences with adjective clauses
· Begin new article “Bike-sharing programs can help cities reduce missions and congestion”
· Leftover work?
“Run-On
Sentences and Comma Splices”
“Phrasal
Verb Exercises”
Thursday
· Continue complex
sentences with adjective clauses
· Continue “Bike-sharing programs can help cities reduce missions and congestion”
Friday
· “Self Reflection”
Week 6
· Vocabulary exercises
· Talk about spoken presentations-
over four of five days
· Continue complex
sentences with adjective clauses
Prepare
for Quiz 4- next week, Monday?
· Continue “Bike-sharing programs can help cities reduce missions and congestion”
Next week – Quiz 4
and Test 3?
-begin essay work
-prep for spoken presentations
Monday
**
Seven verb tenses- high frequency
1.Simple present
2.Simple past
3.Simple future
4.Present progressive
5.Past progressive
6.Present perfect
7.Present perfect progressive
OTHER VERB TENSES NOT AS
HIGH-FREQUENCY
Future progressive
Past perfect
Future perfect
Past perfect progressive
Future perfect progressive
These are the verb tenses we have
learned so far:
Simple present Maris plays volleyball every Sunday
afternoon.
Simple past She played volleyball last week.
Simple future She is going to play again next week.
She
will help you in a couple minutes.
Present progressive She is playing right now.
**
Quizzes, Tests CORRECTION CODES vf vt
verb form verb tense
**
Past progressive/continuous verb
tense
New verb tense: past progressive
Similar to present progressive: auxiliary
verb + ‘ing’ am is are
Present progressive:
Mei is
watching a movie right now.
I am
watching a movie right now.
Mai, Mei, and May are watching a movie right now.
Past progressive:
Mei is was watching a movie
last night.
Mei was
watching a movie last night.
I was
watching a movie right now.
Mai, Mei, and May were watching a movie right now.
COMMON ERRORS
Mei watching
a movie last night.
Mei was
watch a movie last night.
FIX
Mei was
watching a movie last night.
auxiliary verb + ‘ing’ verb
*REMEMBER difference GERUND ‘ing’ verb
**
Past progressive and simple past
Mei was
watching a movie last night.
EASIER WAY TO SAY THIS- simple
past
Mei watched
a movie last night.
Why use past progressive?
** simple past and past
progressive- little bit different usage
We hiked on the mountain.
We were hiking on the mountain.
SIMPLEST AND CLEAREST WAY THAT I
CAN EXPLAIN IT (may not agree with your grammar teacher or grammar book)
SIMPLE PAST- one event, finished
Mei watched a movie last
night.
PAST PROGRESSIVE- event in the
past, interrupted by something else
Mei was watching a movie
last night when the power went out.
Mei was watching a movie
last night, and her sister called.
TIME Mei was watching a movie last night, and her
sister called right when it was getting good.
Mei watched a movie last
night when the electricity went out. XXX
Mei watched a movie last
night while the electricity went out. XXX
Doesn’t sound natural.
while- two events happening at the
same time
Mei watched a movie last
night while her husband read a
book.
IMPROVE
Mei was watching a movie
last night while her husband was reading
a book. 100% CLEARER
Mei watched a movie last
night when the electricity went out. XXX
FIX
Mei was watching a movie
last night when the electricity went out.
when- while
MEANING She was watching a movie and suddenly the power went out.
VOCAB a blackout- the power goes
out
a
brownout- the power dips
a
whiteout- a snowstorm with low visibility
He wiped out in the whiteout right
outside the White Spot.
ALTERNATIVES
Mei was watching a movie
last night when the electricity went out.
The electricity went out while Mei
was watching a movie last night.
The electricity went out when Mei
was watching a movie last night.
Doesn’t sound as good.
Mei was watching a movie
last night; all of a sudden, the power went out.
While the power was out, Mei was playing
cards with her family.
EXAMPLES:
I was
taking the bus to school, and it stopped
because of construction. COMPOUND
I was
taking the bus to school, and it stopped
because there was construction. COMPOUND COMPLEX ADV CL
*I endeavour to show the bones
(the structure) of the sentences and verbs.
I took
the bus to school, and it stopped
because of construction.
Kind of Ok, but not great
I was
taking the bus to school, and it stopped
because of construction.
Much better
EXAMPLE
She was
driving to school when she saw that she needed gas.
She was
driving to school when it started to rain.
When While she was driving
to school, it started to rain.
While I was travelling in Spain,
there was a heatwave/cold snap.
VOCAB BC a heat dome – super hot air trapped
an
atmospheric river- heavy heavy sustained rain
light rain, air is full of water-
drizzle
We live in a rainforest.
We were
walking home from a concert, and a lightning storm began. COMPOUND SV, and
SV.
thunder and lightning-
Electrical storms are unusual in
Vancouver.
lightning rod-
Blue Rodeo – popular Canadian soft
rock band
ALTERNATIVES
She was
driving to school when it started to rain. COMPLEX
She was
driving to school when it began to rain. COMPLEX
She was
driving to school when the rain started/began. COMPLEX
She was
driving to school, and it started to rain. COMPOUND
She was
driving to school and fell asleep at
the wheel. SIMPLE SVV
She was
driving to school and ADV suddenly/almost/half/slowly fell asleep at the wheel. SIMPLE SVV
The man on the train was nodding off and almost fell out of his
seat.
PHRASAL VERB nod off- fall asleep,
head going down
POSITIONS OF ADVERB- many places
The kid ran to the school.
2
1
Quickly, the kid quickly ran quickly to the school quickly.
What position sounds best to you?
EMPHASIS ON THE ADVERB Quickly,
put your jacket on.
IDIOM Kids can be slow as
molasses.
A factory will refine sugar cane
into white sugar and brown sugar, etc.
Molasses is left over from the
refining process.
Historically, molasses was cheap.
White sugar was expensive.
Poor people would eats molasses.
fancy molasses- more refined
blackstrap molasses- rougher,
less-refined
I came
to school this morning at 9am. SIMPLE PAST
I was
coming to school at 9am. XXX
I was
coming to school at 9am when the bus got a flat tire.
OPTIONS
I was coming to school at 9am when
the bus got a flat tire.
The bus got a flat tire when/while I was coming to school at 9am.
Either one is good.
When the bus got a flat tire, I was coming to school at 9am. POSSIBLE
When the power went out, I was
watching a movie. POSSIBLE
*MY FREE ADVICE: Stick to the
high-frequency ways of saying things.
My son and I had lunch in his classmate’s home at noon yesterday.
My son and I were having lunch in his classmate’s home at noon yesterday, and he
broke a glass.
She was
driving her car, and a dog/monster ran in front of her.
She was
driving from Victoria to Nanaimo, and a deer ran right in front of her car.
She drove
from Victoria to Nanaimo yesterday.
She was
driving from Victoria to Nanaimo yesterday, and she saw an accident on the
highway. She didn’t want to rubberneck.
While I was driving to Victoria yesterday, I saw
three deer by the side of the highway. COMPLEX- ADV CL
I saw
three deer by the side of the highway when/while I was driving to Victoria yesterday. COMPLEX- ADV CL
I drove
to Victoria yesterday. SIMPLE SENT, SIMPLE PAST
I saw three deer standing by the side of
the highway while I was driving to
Victoria yesterday.
Let’s write some sentences from
our imagination using past progressive.
Feel free to work together. I will
come around.
I was taking a shower while the
phone was ringing. ongoing
‘while’ goes well with progressive
tenses, are a good fit
while she was sleeping
while Joe was working
I was taking a shower when the
phone rang. short time
**
Adjective Clauses
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses describe nouns. The high-frequency words
for adjective clauses are ‘who’, ‘that’ and ‘which’. ‘Whom’ is rarely used.
the red hat
Spanish, Farsi, Arabic- the hat red
The hat that he bought is waterproof.
*who-people
The people who are in this class are hardworking.
My neighbour who parks his car in front of my house
is a sketchy
*that- things, animals
He has a phone that takes great video.
I saw a dog that can carry bags in its mouth for her
owner.
*which – special, unique things
Her most valued possession is her necklace which her
grandmother left her.
He grew up in Tokyo, which is a huge metropolis.
We study at SHEC, which is on Fraser Street.
*Adjective clauses are sometimes separated by commas.
Commas around adjective clauses:
A His mother who is retired likes playing
mahjong.
B His mother, who is retired, likes playing
mahjong.
LOWER FREQUENCY WORDS FOR ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
*‘Whose’ is also used for adjective clauses. ‘Whose’ shows
ownership.
The boy whose dog ran away was very sad.
My friend whose husband lives in Iran is going to
visit him.
*‘Where’ is also used for adjective clauses. ‘Where’ shows place
where an action happened.
The town where she was born is in the middle of
nowhere.
There is the park where we met.
