Friday, 22 May 2026

P1 EF6 Class 21

 

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 4

Pass it in by the end of class

·      Vocabulary exercises

·      Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Continue narrative writing

Read aloud paragraphs from homework

Test coming up- paragraph

Talk about the test- Write a paragraph of at least 150 words.

·      Finish “The Cost of Living”

·      New dialogue “Interviewing for a Job”

 

Monday

·      Test 1 – narrative paragraph

·      Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses

Quiz 4 soon

**


 

1. The teacher asked the students to modify their essays before submission.

a) ignore

b) write

c) change

edit(v)

modify(v) modification(n)

 

 

2. The movie was so captivating that the audience couldn’t look away.

a) fascinating

b) boring

c) confusing

captivating- describing the thing

captivated- describing your feeling

He was captivated by the beautiful sunset.

interesting- The movie was interesting.

She was interested.

exciting/excited

boring/bored

 

 

3. He needs to acquire more skills to advance in his career.

a) obtain

b) reject

c) lose

acquire(v)

acquisition(n) The company made some new acquisitions.

 

 

 

4. The explanation was too vague for anyone to understand.

a) brief

b) specific

c) unclear

She was vague about why she was late to work yesterday.

brief(adj)- short

He had a brief meeting with the boss.

 

 

5. The students tried to imitate their teacher’s accent.

a) mock

b) copy

c) create

imitate(v)

imitation(n)

 

 

 

 

6. Her ideas were so innovative that they transformed the entire project.

a) unoriginal

b) traditional

c) creative

innovative(adj)

innovation(n)

innovate(v)

innovate- new, Nova Scotia “New Scotland”

 

renovate(v) – to make new, e.g. to fix up an old house

re- again

renovation(n)

 

 

Latin words

nova- root

in- prefix

ation- suffix

 

Latinate languages- languages whose parent is Latin

French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese,

Germanic- German, Dutch

 

 

7. The rules were rigid and left no room for flexibility.

a) unclear

b) strict

c) relaxed

 

 

8. He was reluctant to share his personal opinion.

a) sure

b) eager

c) unwilling

unwilling- not willing

 

9. The team made a notable contribution to the project’s success.

a) minor

b) delayed

c) significant

notable- worthwhile, important, worthy of note

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. The solution to the problem was feasible given the available resources.

a) impossible

b) possible

c) unclear

feasible-possible

unfeasible- not possible

The cost made the project unfeasible.

 

 

11. The scientist tried to verify the accuracy of the data.

a) ignore

b) reject

c) confirm

verify(v) confirm

verification(n)

“two-step verification”

 

 

12. The details in the painting were so intricate that they amazed everyone.

a) simple

b) random

c) complex

amazing- thing

amazed- your feeling

intricate- complex, detailed

The watch had intricate engraving.

Their wedding rings were engraved.

 

 

13. The article was so concise that it could be read in just five minutes.

a) lengthy

b) brief

c) complicated

 

 

14. The athlete needed to endure tough training to prepare for the marathon.

a) escape

b) tolerate

c) avoid

endure(v) – go through some difficult situation, suffering

He endured four years of hard work to get through university.

endurance(n)- the ability to keep going

He has low endurance. He can run only 500 metres.

She has great endurance. She can run 8 km.

 

tolerate(v)- to put up with something that you don’t like, be patient with something that irritates you

The mother tolerates her kids whining when they are tired.

 

 

 

15. The teacher provided a comprehensive review of the topic.

a) confusing

b) partial

c) complete

comprehensive- all over, complete

He got Comprehensive coverage for the rental car.

 

 

16. He tried to emphasize the importance of attending the meeting.

a) reduce

b) ignore

c) stress

stress(v) -focus on, highlight, show the importance of

stress(n)- pressure, negative feeling

 

stressed/stressful (adj)

She is stressed out.

stressed + out  I am stressed out about English.

Her life is stressful.

 

 

17. The police will investigate the incident thoroughly.

a) skip

b) conclude

c) examine

investigate(v)

investigation(n)

invest(v)- to buy stocks or bonds, GIC, RRSPs- put money into a product in hope of getting a return

return(n)-  the money that you make on investments

He invested $1000 in mutual funds. He got a 7% return. He reinvested his return.

 

The miracle of compound interest!

 

return(v)- give something back

She bought a dress and then returned it. It was too tight.

 

18. The lawyer will mediate between the two parties to resolve the conflict.

a) intervene

b) escalate

c) ignore

mediate(v) help two people come to an agreement

The mediator met with the couple who were getting a divorce.

She is the mediator in her family.

The mediator helped resolve the strike.

 

matchmaker(n)-

 

 

Canada has a progressive tax system. As you income goes up, the percentage of tax on the higher goes up.

In Canada, you defer income tax using RRSPs.

Registered Retirement Savings Plan-

 

TFSA- Tax-Free Savings Account-  the amount grows tax free

 

Government retirement benefits-

CPP- Canada Pension Plan- you play every paycheque, employer matches

CPP – take it 60,61,62- 70

 

OAS- Old-Age Security

-          based on how many years you have lived in Canada by the time your retire

 

GIS- Guaranteed Income Supplement – low-income seniors

 

RESP – Registered Education Savings Plan- saving money for your kids university

University- student loans, bursaries, scholarships

 

full scholarship- very rare

 

Talk to your bank or a financial advisor about savings plans for retirement plans.

 

 

19. Her speech was full of exaggerations, making it hard to believe.

a) facts

b) overstatements

c) criticisms

 

20. The results of the experiment were ambiguous and open to interpretation.

a) irrelevant

b) obvious

c) unclear

 

agent(n) – anybody who you pay for a service

 

The union went on strike. The employer asked for a mediator to sit down with both sides.

binding mediation-

non-binding mediation-

strike(n,v) stop work, demand wages, etc.

 

 

 

 

**Narrative paragraphs**

Some of you wrote a paragraph for homework.

Let’s read some out loud.

We need brave volunteers.

1. Stand up

2. Face the class.

3. Speak up loudly and confidently.

4. We will listen.

 

 

Narrative paragraph- tell a story

Beginning

Middle

End

 

 

Test 1

Grabber-

Topic sentence-  topic, controlling idea , addresses the question

Supporting sentences- middle-  events of the story, usually in order of time

Concluding sentence- end-, wrap up

(at least 150 words)

150-200 words Ideal!

 

Example topics:

Write about your first day in Canada.

What would be your perfect day?

Write about a funny/scary/ embarrassing thing that happened to you?

 

nag(v)- to talk in a critical way, over and over and over

admonish(v)-

 

Thursday, 21 May 2026

P2 EF71011 Class 20

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Talk about summer courses and registration

·      DISTRIBUTE new article, Thought Questions, and crossword

·      Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Test 3 (last 55m)

 

Friday

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 4

·      poem- Shakespeare, scene from Romeo and Juliet

·      Continue complex sentences-adverb clauses

 

**

Register for summer courses will begin June 3rd.

You will register using the website, as usual. I can explain how to reg on that day.

 

Midterm recommendations

 

You will need a recommendation from your instructor.

 

What course should you register for in Summer.

July 6- August 7- five weeks

Period 1 8:30-12

Period 2 12:15- 3:45

You can take one course in the summer.

The schedule is up on the wall outside the office.

I do not know what I am teaching yet. I will tell the class when I find out. Hollie will tell us soon.

 

I will give out midterm/interim recommendations Thursday, May 28th and Friday, May 29th.

-half the class Thursday, other half on Friday- alphabetical order

 

 

Interim recs based on quizzes, tests, spoken work so far

 

Tests           x/12  4/6= 8/12

Quizzes      x/6

RW              I pt each

Spoken 1   x/10

 

Average of all of those marks.

 

 

 

Looking for a solid 60% to get early recommendation to move up.

 

Midterm rec- halfway-

 

Clear YES or clear NO

40%- NO

70%- YES

 

People in the middle-grey area

 

50-60% - LOW

~60%+ - MINIMAL YES

I decide if you get the recommendation to go up to the next level or not.

I follow the PLOs and the four-point proficiency scale.

 

We still have five weeks to go.

We have plenty of marked work to do.

Marks will go up and down.

There is a lot of opportunity to raise your marks.

There is also a lot of opportunity to lower your marks.

 

To Come-

Tests

Quizzes

Essay

Spoken 2 – 15pts

Presentations- 10pts

RWs

 

Next week, we will do short one-on-on meeting, you and me. We will talk about how things are going, and we will  decide what course would be best for you in summer.

 

If you are going to take summer off, you won’t need any recommendation. We can still meet, and you can use the recommendation for September.

 

You can take one course in summer.

Period 1 M-F, 8:30-12

Period 2 M-F, 12:15- 3:45

July 6- August 7

There are no Saturday classes in summer.

 

I do not know what I will be teaching yet. I will tell the class as soon as I know. Hollie will tell me soon, hopefully.

 

Registration for September will be mid-August. You will get an email.

 

 

 

 

 

 

**

adverb clause

-because- gives a reason why

Mei is happy because her son is visiting her.   no comma

Because Mei’s son is visiting her, she is happy.   comma

 

-if- possible, maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know

Let’s grab some coffee if you are free.

If you’re free, let’s grab a bite.

 

-when – time

When I was a child, I liked to play basketball.

I liked playing basketball when I was a child.

like

hate

begin

start

continue

prefer

can’t stand- really dislike, not as strong as hate

 

She began to do yoga last year.

She began doing yoga last year.

I can’t stand seeing people litter.

VOCAB – throwing away small pieces of garbage

They are litterbugs.

There is some litter on the sidewalk. NOUN

The little kids littered in the park. VERB

 

Some people volunteer to clean up litter.

 

 

 

Leave the place better than how you found it.

 

HIKING: Leave no trace.

Take only pictures. Leave only footprints.

 

-after, before

The kids did their homework after dinner/supper. SIMPLE SENT

 

The kids did their homework after they had/ate/finished dinner. COMPLEX

 

She liked to play basketball before they moved to Canada. COMPLEX- ADV CL

 

She liked to play basketball before moving to Canada. SIMPLE

 

He brushes his teeth before going to bed. SIMPLE

He brushes his teeth before he goes to bed. COMPLEX

 

He brushed his teeth before going to bed. SIMPLE

He will brush his teeth before going to bed. SIMPLE

 

I will call you before going home.

 

Wash your hands before eating.

Wash your hand before you eat.

 

-since        – because

We have to postpone our barbecue since/because it is supposed to rain Sunday.

 

 

 

 

because = since = as

We are happy because tomorrow is Friday. MOST AUTHENTIC

We are happy since tomorrow is Friday. OK, but not as common

We are happy as tomorrow is Friday. OK, but grammar-booky

 

 

 

 

                    

-time

I have lived in Canada since I was six years old. COMPLEX

I moved to Canada since when I was six years old. XXX

 

 

 

**

Test 3

Phones, electronic devices, notes put away.

 

Write an opinion paragraph of at least 150 words on the following topic:

For newcomers to Vancouver, it is better to live within the diaspora or integrate with Canadian society?

 

 

P1 EF6 Class 20

 

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Talk about registration for summer term

·      Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Continue narrative writing

Read aloud paragraphs from homework

Test coming up- paragraph

 

Friday

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection” Week 4

·      Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Finish “The Cost of Living”

·      New dialogue “Interviewing for a Job”

·      Talk about the test- just a paragraph (at least 150 words)

 

Monday

·      Test 1 – narrative paragraph

 

 

**

Talk about registration for summer term

Summer will be five weeks in July and August

July 6- Aug 7 ?

Registration will begin Wednesday, June 3rd. You can register using the website as usual. I will explain how to register on that morning.

 

Midterm recommendations

 

You will need a recommendation from your instructor.

 

What course should you register for in Summer.

 

I will give out midterm/interim recs Thursday, May 28th and Friday, May 29th.

-half the class Thursday, other half on Friday- alphabetical order

 

Interim recs based on quizzes, tests, spoken work so far

 

Tests           x/12  4/6= 8/12

Quizzes      x/6

 

RW              I pt each

 

Spoken 1   x/10

 

Average of all of those marks.

 

Looking for a solid 60% to get early recommendation to move up.

 

Midterm rec- halfway-

 

Clear YES or clear NO

40%- NO

70%- YES

 

People in the middle-grey area

 

50-60% - LOW

~60%+ - MINIMAL YES

I decide if you get the recommendation to go up to the next level or not.

I follow the PLOs and the four-point proficiency scale.

 

We still have five weeks to go.

We have plenty of marked work to do.

Marks will go up and down.

There is a lot of opportunity to raise your marks.

There is also a lot of opportunity to lower your marks.

 

To Come-

Tests

Quizzes

Essay

Spoken 2 – 15pts

Presentations- 10pts

RWs

 

Next week, we will do short one-on-on meeting, you and me. We will talk about how things are going, and we will  decide what course would be best for you in summer.

 

If you are going to take summer off, you won’t need any recommendation. We can still meet, and you can use the recommendation for September.

 

You can take one course in summer.

Period 1 M-F, 8:30-12

Period 2 M-F, 12:15- 3:45

July 6- August 7

There are no Saturday classes in summer.

 

I do not know what I will be teaching yet. I will tell the class as soon as I know. Hollie will tell me soon, hopefully.

**

 

I think Writing Improvement 567 will on the schedule for September.

WI567- auxiliary course, extra course

-         higher-level writing course

-         FOCUS- sentences

-paragraphs

-essays

 

 

**

Narrative paragraphs

I asked you to write one for homework.

If you want, I would be happy to look your paragraph over.

Please put your name on it and pass it what you have now.

No lates.

 

**

Adverb clauses

REVIEW OF SENTENCE STYLES

 

 

*SIMPLE SENTENCES – 1 main/independent clause

SV   SSV   SVV  SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

* Clause- group of words with a subject and a verb

two types of clauses -main clause / independent clause

                                         -subordinate / dependent clause

sentence fragment- not a complete sentence , just a part of a sentence

 

*COMPOUND SENTENCES   , SOBA     ;     ; TRANS,

2 main clauses/independent clauses joined together

1.    , FANBOYS , SOBA

2.    ; semicolon

3.    ; TRANS,   e.g. ; moreover,   ; therefore,

 

*COMPLEX SENTENCES - 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause

- adverb clauses THIS WEEK

- noun clauses -next week

- adjective clauses-  in two weeks

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES=  

simple sentence + subordinate clause (dependent clause)

main clause + subordinate clause

main clause = independent clause

 

-independent-

independent person- by yourself, support yourself, make your own money, don’t need help, buy your own groceries, cook your own food, do your own laundry, not needy- need emotional support

 

 

-dependent

-dependent person – needs help, can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them, drive them around, needy

 

independent clause- a group of words with SV, is a simple sentence

dependent clause- a group of words with SV, not a sentence

 

The sky is blue. SIMPLE SENTENCE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

 

Although it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE FRAGMENT

 

The sky is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX

The sky is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

The sky is blue. It is chilly. Two simples

 

Mei is tired today. Because she had insomnia last night. XXX

FIX

Mei is tired today because she had insomnia last night. 1 complex sent

Mei is tired today. She had insomnia last night. 2 simples

 

Two ways to write adverb clauses:

Mei is tired today because she had insomnia last night.

Because Mei had insomnia last night, she is tired today.

VOCAB insomnia(n)- can’t sleep

Do you get insomnia?

I had insomnia last night. I tossed and turned.

IDIOM toss and turn

Drinking rosewater can help with insomnia. You can also count sheep.

She has trouble sleeping. She suffers from sleeplessness.

She has anxiety.

VOCAB worry for no reason

She has a knot in her stomach.

He has butterflies in his stomach- good excited feeling

 

 

COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES

Most commonly-used words –

because   when   if

 

-because – give a reason, cause and effect, explains why

Joan is happy today. Her son is visiting her.

Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.

 

Turn one of the main clauses into a subordinate clause. +because

1.   main clause + adverb clause

Joan is happy today because her son is visiting her.

 

Jun is happy today. Her son is visiting her. 2 SIMPLES

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL

NOTE: no comma before ‘because’

‘because’ coordinating conjunction- grammar term

 

2.   adverb clause, + main clause 

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

NOTE: need a comma

 

 

*** The two ways:

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.   no comma

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.   comma

 

EASY SENTENCE

I bought the phone because it was 50% off.

Because the phone was 50% off, I bought it.

*** Either way is good. It is your choice. ***

 

NOTE: because = since = as

I bought the phone because it was 50% off. MOST AUTHENTIC

I bought the phone since it was 50% off. OK, but a bit less common

I bought the phone as it was 50% off. Ok, but grammar-booky.

 

 

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SAY THE THING:

-because SV               

The game was postponed because it was raining.

I go to the pool because I like swimming. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

 

-because of NOUN   

The game was postponed because of rain/the rain. SIMPLE SENT

I go to the pool because of the sauna.

I go to the pool because of the vibes.

VOCAB vibes – overall feeling, emotion, good vibes, bad vibes

He gives off good vibes.

He gives off bad vibes.

 

-due to NOUN

The game was postponed due to rain/the rain.

 

COMMON RULE THAT TEACHER’S TEACH- Don’t start a sentence with ‘because’.  It’s ok.

You do what sounds best to you.

 

VOCAB cause CASUAL TALKING, NOT FOR SCHOOL WRITING because

Casual – low-key, everyday, among friends, not formal, not serious, not academic(school)

 

HIGHER LEVEL STYLE: In general, the independent clause is the most inportant information in the sentence. However, you can raise the importance of the dependent clause by placing it first, before the independent clause.

 

flip the clauses- change the order of the clauses

 

because = since = as

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy today since her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy today as her son is visiting her.

 

COMMON ERROR:

Jun is happy, because her son is visiting her today. XXX

Small error with the comma.

 

EXAMPLES

He is hungry because he skipped lunch.

Because he skipped lunch, he is hungry.

He is tired because he didn’t get enough sleep.

She bought me a chocolate cake because it is my birthday.

Because it is my birthday, she bought me a chocolate cake.

 

** OLD-FASHIONED RULE-         Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.

It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.

 

Because its snowing, some people are a little late. OK

Because its snowing – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Because its snowing, some people are a little late. OK Complex sent

 

Because its snowing. SENTENCE FRAGMENT -not a whole sentence

fragment – piece

 

Some people are a little late because its snowy. Alternative

Some people are a little late – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Either way is fine. It’s your choice. This is more about style and intention than grammar.

 

COMMON SMALL ERROR WITH COMMAS

Some people are a little late, because its snowy. XXX

Don’t put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice. Keep your school writing at a more formal level.

This is a stylistic choice concerning your writing style.

stylistic(adj) style(n)

 

DISCLAIMER: My writing and speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep my writing and speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business. I take a professional tone in a professional situation.

Other people are much more casual in their language usage.

You can decide what level of formality is appropriate for any situation that you are in.

 

The game was postponed via due to rain. SIMPLE

The game was postponed because it was raining. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

 

Some people are late because it is snowing. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

Some people are late because there is snow. COMPLEX SENT- ADV CL

Some people are late because is snowing. XXX

Some people are late because snow. XXX

Some people are late because of the snowy weather. SIMPLE

 

 

 

 

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADV CL

SV because SV.

Because SV, SV.

 

SIMPLE SENTENCE

SV because of NOUN.

SV due to NOUN.

 

Let’s write a few for practice.

because    when   if

 

We will continue with adverb clauses tomorrow.

 

 

 

 

 

 

**Narrative paragraphs**

Some of you wrote a paragraph for homework.

Let’s read some out loud.

We need brave volunteers.

1. Stand up

2. Face the class.

3. Speak up loudly and confidently.

4. We will listen.