EF34 7pm May 20

 

Good evening, everybody.

We will get started at 7:00.

Cameras on. Mics muted until you are ready to talk.

 

 

 

Today’s agenda:

 

·      Modal/Modal auxiliaries

·      Idioms

OR

·      Next week: Topic for discussion: The internet is harmful to children.

Reflect on the topic. Come prepared to contribute to the discussion.

·      Quiz#5- adj cl

 

Monday is a holiday, Victoria Day

Everybody in Canada is required by law to visit Victoria on that day. Book your ferry. The ferries will be busy.

 

Back to school on Tuesday.

 

My pet cat’s is Butter.

Hi breed is Golden Doodle. His father was a poodle. His mother was a golden retriever.

 

 

 

 

 

Modals/ Modal Auxiliaries

Modals are auxiliaries verbs like can, could, may, might, must, should, will, and would.  They are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, invitation, permission, necessity, or requests.

Below is a list of the most useful modals and their most common meanings:

 

One-word modals

Modal        Meaning                               Example

can             to express ability                  I can speak English very well.

can             to request permission           Can I borrow a pen?

could         to express ability                  I could help you tomorrow.

could         to express possibility           She could be an Olympian.

may           to express possibility           I may be late for class.

may           to request permission           May I borrow a pen?

might         to express possibility           She might call you later.

must          to express obligation            I must leave at 4 o’clock.

must          to express strong belief        You must be kidding!

                                                               He must be held up somewhere.

should       to give advice                       You should go to the doctor.

will            to show future                      I will not drive my car today.

would        to request or offer                Would you prefer a tea or coffee?

would        in if-sentences                      If I were you, I would complain.

                     way to give advice       If I were you, I would ...ADVICE

 

e.g. If I were you, I would...

If I were you, I would tell your teacher that you don’t understand the math question. GIVING INDIRECT ADVICE

If I were you, I would clean up my room.

 

You should tell your teacher that you don’t understand the math question. GIVING DIRECT ADVICE

You should clean up your room.

 

shall – rarely used, not important

Modals don’t rarely have tenses; they suggest past, present and future.

 

can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would.

modal + infinitive to

can + to drive

can drive

She can drive a car.

I can drive a car.

 

Can I borrow a pen?

May I borrow a pen? more polite sounding “May I ...”

“May I have a salad, please?” sounds polite

 

Could I have a medium black coffee, please?- sounds fine, casual

May I have a medium black coffee, please?- more polite

 

 

should – advice

You should be nicer to your sister.

I should quit smoking.

 

must – necessity, have to

When you leave the house, you must lock the door.

You must take care of your health.

You must look both ways when you cross the street.

 

should – obligation, not necessary, supposed to

I should call my sister today, but I will wait until tomorrow.

 

You probably are familiar with these, but we can refine our usage a little.

 

can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would

 

Your examples in Chat:

a.     May I help you?

b.    I can stay more at home for this holiday.

c.     You should say something before you leave.

d.    I should follow my wisdom. Meaning?

e.    Could you please help me to bring some books?

f.      May I have a cup of tea?

g.     You should listen to mum.

should + to listen

h.    May I ask your phone number?

i.       You should come home today because your mother was sick.

j.       I must clean the dishes everyday.

k.     Could you please open the door?

l.       May I coming come in, please?

may + to come

m. You should stay home .

n.    Can you come over to my house this weekend?

o.    Can I use your pen?

p.    May I pay rent later this month?

q.    May I have a Subway sandwich today?

r.      You must to work more to keep the money for the vacation.

You must work more to save money for the vacation.

 

s.     Could you please open the door?

t.      I could borrow my book until next month.

u.    May I have one French vanilla and two coffees, please.

v.     You might go to bed now.

w.  May I change to $5 dollars bills? Meaning?

x.     It might happen.

y.     Can I have two bags please?

z.     You should practice English everyday.

 

spelling?

 

one-word modals

may + to borrow

You may borrow my car anytime you like.

 

There are also two and three-word modals such as had better, have to, ought to, used to, be able to, be going to, be supposed to, and have got to.  However, most anything you want to say can be expressed with a one-word modal.

Two-word modals

-had better = should

You should study for the test.

You had better study for the test.

You should be nicer to your sister.

You had better be nicer to your sister.

 

-have to = must

You must wear a helmet when you ride a bike.

You have to wear a helmet when you ride a bike.

I must buy some milk tonight.

I have to buy some milk tonight.

 

-ought to = should

You should save some money if you want to get a new guitar.

You ought to save some money if you want to get a new guitar.

 

-used to- habitual activity in the past, not the present

Mei used to do yoga, but now she is too busy.

Sarah used to live in Edmonton.

Dave used to be a truck driver.

 

used to // get used to

 

NOT A MODAL

get used to – become accustomed to

Shirin is getting used to Canada.

 

MODAL

used to

Shirin used to live in Iran.

 

 

Your example:

a.     We must to wear mask. XXX

We must wear mask.

must = have to

          We must wear a mask when we go out.

We have to wear a mask when we go out.

 

 

Tricky to remember:

I have to go at 9:30.

I must go at 9:30.

Same meaning. Different ways to say it.

Which one is easier?

 

I have to go to the washroom. (means now)

 

I have to go to the doctor’s at 2:15.

 

 

 

Three-word modals

be able to – can

I can fix my own guitar.

I am able to fix my own guitar.

 

be going to – will   mostly the same

Kai will bake some cookies tomorrow.

Kai is going to bake some cookies tomorrow.

 

be supposed to- have to/should

I am supposed to clean the kitchen tonight, but I might wait until tomorrow.

I should call my sister.

I have to call my sister.

I am supposed to call my sister.

 

have got to – strong must, strong have to

You must lock the door when you leave.

You have to lock the door when you leave.

You have got to lock the door when you leave. STRONGEST

The doctor said that I have got to quit smoking. very strong

 

 

Review modals:

one-word modals

two-word modals

three-word modals

 

You do not have to learn them all tonight. Try a few new ones in your daily English usage. Your verb vocabulary will start to grow.

 

Try some in Chat:

b.    My doctor told me that I have to do my blood work next month.

c.     You must ready before she comes.

d.    Could you please buy some milk when you come home?

e.    We must wear a mask.

f.      I used to play soccer, but I'm not able to play any more.

g.     I have to earn money.

h.    I am able to read Arabic stories.

i.       You must finish your food before you go to play.

j.       You must go to school today with Tom.

k.     I am going to buy some flowers.

l.       My brother used to live in Vancouver.

m. I am able to pilot my own drone.

n.    I am not able to call you today.

o.    I ought to get life insurance.

p.    I have to see a doctor.

q.    I have to tell you some bad news.

r.      I have got to learn new English words.

s.     You should ask first before you take something.

t.      When I was a child, I used to play football.

u.    I have got to go to work.

v.     Should I go shopping?

w.  I had better stay home.

x.     I am going to Toronto for two years.

y.     I am able to finish my test today.

z.     Can you sit down please?

aa.                       I can not call you today.

bb.                      He has got to think positive all the time.

cc. I ought to practice my new lesson.

dd.                      I have to do my homework now.

ee.                       I have to hard study if I want go to university.

ff.   You must make a full stop at a red light.

 

must to XXX

must

 

gg.                        I am able to do that work.

hh.                      I used to brush my teeth every night.

ii.     You must take an appointment for your vaccine.

jj.    I have got to study more English to find a better job.

kk.                        You should find your own life.

ll.     I am able to take this schedule.

 

Very well done. I think you know a lot of these already. There are a few new one that you can start to use in your daily life. We can practice more next week.

 

 

 

Today’s Idioms:

idioms for paying the bill at a restaurant:

 

-It’s on the house.  - free, the restaurant gives it to you

 

-It's on me. You will pay

-It’s my treat. My treat.

 

-Dutch treat. Everybody pays for their own meal.

-Let’s split the bill.

 

 

 

 

Quiz#5 Adjective Clauses

 

Cameras on.

Write a sentence with an adjective clause for each.

Sent it to me by 8:55

 

Ex. park that

We have a picnic in a park that has huge trees.

 

1.   sell                      that

2.   neighbour           who

3.   school                 that

4.   phone                 who

5.   country               that

6.   help                    who