Good morning, everybody.
We will get started at 11:00.
Cameras on. Mics muted.
Today’s agenda:
• Modal/Modal auxiliaries
• Idioms
• Topic for discussion: The internet is harmful to children.
Reflect on the topic. Come prepared to contribute to the discussion.
• Quiz#5- adj cl
Modals/ Modal Auxiliaries
Modals are auxiliaries verbs like can, could, may, might, must, should, will, and would. They are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, invitation, permission, necessity, or requests.
Below is a list of the most useful modals and their most common meanings:
Modal Meaning Example
can to express ability I can speak English very well.
can to request permission Can I borrow a pen?
could to express ability I could help you tomorrow.
could to express possibility She could be an Olympian.
may to express possibility I may be late for class.
may to request permission May I take the test again, please?
might to express possibility She might call you later.
must to express obligation I must leave at 4 o’clock.
must to express strong belief You must be kidding!
He must be held up somewhere.
should to give advice You should go to the doctor.
will to show future I will not drive my car today.
would to request or offer Would you prefer a tea or coffee?
would in if-sentences If I were you, I would complain.
way to give advice If I were you, I would ...ADVICE
e.g. If I were you, I would tell your teacher that you don’t understand the math question. INDIRECT
You should tell your teacher that you don’t understand the math question. DIRECT
shall – rarely used, not important
Modals don’t rarely have tenses; they suggest past, present and future.
can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would.
Your examples:
a. May I have ask a question?
I have a question.
b. I will go to hike tomorrow.
c. You should study English harder.
d. If it were is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the park.
e. May I have that book?
f. You must be follow this rules.
You must follow this rule/ these rules.
modal + infinitive –no ‘to’
must + to follow
must follow
I /You/He/She must follow the rules.
g. Teacher, can we have the quiz tomorrow?
h. Can I have a new phone?
i. You must clean your room everyday.
j. We can go to visit my friends together in the afternoon.
k. May I borrow your phone?
l. I will send an email to you.
m. I will buy the apple juice.
n. Could you pass me some pictures?
o. May I help you that clean the table?
p. You must brush your teeth two times a day.
q. You must be eat some food when you get home.
must + to eat must eat
r. Can you pass the pen to me?
s. If I were you, I would like to take English class rather than earn money.
t. I should know when you come home.
u. May I borrow your glasses?
There are also two and three-word modals such as had better, have to, ought to, used to, be able to, be going to, be supposed to, and have got to. However, most anything you want to say can be expressed with a one-word modal.
Two-word modals
had better – should
You should study for the test.
You had better study for the test.
have to – must
You must wear a helmet when you ride a bike.
You have to wear a helmet when you ride a bike.
ought to – should
You should save some money if you want to get a new guitar.
You ought to save some money if you want to get a new guitar.
used to- habitual activity in the past, not the present
Mei used to do yoga, but now she is too busy.
Sarah used to live in Edmonton.
Dave used to be a truck driver.
used to // get used to
NOT A MODAL
get used to – become accustomed to
Shirin is getting used to Canada.
MODAL
used to
Shirin used to live in Iran.
Three-word modals
be able to – can
I can fix my own guitar.
I am able to fix my own guitar.
be going to – will
Kai will bake some cookies tomorrow.
Kai is going to bake some cookies tomorrow.
be supposed to- have to/should
I am supposed to clean the kitchen tonight, but I might wait until tomorrow.
have got to – strong must, strong have to
You must lock the door when you leave.
You have to lock the door when you leave.
You have got to lock the door when you leave. STRONGEST
had better, have to, ought to, used to, be able to, be going to, be supposed to, have got to
Try a few in Chat?
a. You had better eat breakfast everyday.
b. I used to buy the mugs whenever I saw the new. ?
c. You had better take care when you go hiking.
d. My parents were unable to teach me anything when I was a teenager. NOT MODAL
e. I have to take some medicine every day.
f. You are supposed to fix my car.
g. You supposes are supposed to finish your work, and then you can play a game.
h. I have to get up early.
i. I getting used to a housewife. XXX
I am getting used to being a housewife. NOT A MODAL
j. You must return home early at night.
k. John used to be a teacher.
l. I am supposed to go home tonight.
m. I am able to fix my own car.
n. You have to move that garbage to the outside.
o. I used to swim every weekend, but now I’m busy.
p. I am going to go to work in another city.
q. I have to get black pants for my new job.
r. I used to get up early.
s. You have to take diabetes medication every morning.
t. I have to wear my mask when I ride the bus.
u. You have to leave the house.
v. You had better use sunscreen when you go to the beach.
Good start. We can try a few more tomorrow.
Quiz#5 Adjective Clauses
Cameras on.
Write a sentence with an adjective clause for each.
Sent it to me by 12:25
Ex. park that
We have a picnic in a park that has huge trees.
1. price that
2. friend who
3. house that
4. computer who
5. uncle who
6. sale that
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