Good evening, everybody.
We will get started at 7:00.
Cameras on. Mics muted until you are ready to talk.
Today’s agenda:
• Review simple and compound sentences
• Begin complex sentences
• CBC article. I emailed this to you last night. Check your email.
I think the internet problems have been fixed, so with any luck, we can stay connected.
Sentence types:
SIMPLE SV SSV SVV Imperative Interrogative
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
COMPLEX
These sentence types are essential/fundamental to your writing. You really have to know how to write these sentences. You can use these for the rest of your days.
On a side note, I have a small editing business. I edit papers for university students, mainly nursing students who are finishing their masters degrees.
When I edit my university students’ papers, I use simple, compound, and complex sentences throughout.
I am teaching the sentences that you can use for any situation, be it school, college, university, career, life, etc.
You can learn it. You won’t need me to help you if you learn how to do this yourself.
COMPLEX SENTENCES
1. adverb clauses
2. noun clauses
3. adjective clauses
ADVERB CLAUSES – most common words used in adverb clauses:
because when if
Two ways to do it: complex sentence with adverb clause
**
MAIN CLAUSE + ADVERB CLAUSE no comma
We are going for a walk tonight because it is such a nice evening.
ADVERB CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE comma
Because it is such a nice evening, we are going for a walk.
**
when -time
My dog gets up when I get up. no comma
When I get up, my dog gets up. comma
My dog came with me when I went to work tonight. no comma
When I went to work tonight, my dog came with me. comma
if -maybe yes, maybe no
Jun will drive you to work if you are late. no comma
If you are late, Jun will drive you to work. comma
Try some of your sentences in Chat:
1. We can't go to her party because we are going away that weekend.
2. If we will do work hard,will be get good score in test. XXX
If we work hard, we will get a good score/mark/result in the test.
3. Amy will go to the school if she has time.
4. We are going to the park because it is sunny today.
Because it's sunny today, we are going to the park.
5. Tom likes sitting on in the park because there are many flowers. agr
6. I will change my work if I can not work more hours.
7. Becasuse I like fashion, I went to hair salon volunteering job. XXX
Because I like fashion, I volunteered in a hair salon.
Because I like fashion, I worked in a hair salon as a volunteer.
8. I am going to school because I want to get a better job.
9. She wanted to die because she couldn't satisfy her parents.
10. I can't go to work if I'm sick.
11. My aunt cooks a pie because we are the party.
My aunt bakes a pie because we are at the party.
12. When i went to park,my kids with me. XXX
When I went to the park, my kids came with me.
13. When was a child, I like ran at the school
When I was a child, I liked to run at the school.
14. If you don't eat the cake tonight, I'll eat it.
15. I will text you when I finished work. vf
I will text you when I am finished work.
I will text you when I finish work.
16. I like Canada because it is really beautiful.
17. I will come there if you come as well.
18. We have plans to go outside today because it’s a nice sunny day.
19. When Mike went to the bank, Tom said “Hi.” to him. cap
20. I going to class late today because the traffic. RW
I am going to be late to class today because of the traffic. SIMPLE
I am going to be late to class today because the traffic is bad/heavy/congested. COMPLEX- adverb clause
Verb tenses do not have to match.
Junko will go to the party if her mom says it’s ok.
My brother will drive me to the airport because I asked him.
Basic introduction- because when if
There are the three most common words for adverb clauses.
***
We will focus on these 15 words that you can use with adverb clauses:
time- after, before, until, when, while
condition – if, even if, unless
manner- though (casual, good for speaking), although, even though
cause- because, since, so ... that
purpose- so that
***
With these 15 words, you will be able to express almost every idea or thought that you have.
A lot of these words you already know.
*after/before
The kids play video games after supper. SIMPLE
The kids play video games after they eat supper. COMPLEX
-more information, clearer meaning
The kids play video games after the dog ate their supper.
I can eat supper after class. SIMPLE
I can eat supper after SV class. COMPLEX – adverb clause
I can eat supper after we finish class. COMPLEX – adverb clause
*until – time, waiting
We will wait until you are finished.
I cannot eat until class is over.
Jun cannot wait until he gets married.
The little boy can’t wait until his birthday. SIMPLE
The little boy can’t wait until his birthday comes. COMPLEX
* It is very important to be able to these in both ways.
til – very casual spoken, not for writing XXX
until – for writing and better speaking
cause – very casual speaking, not for writing XXX
because – better for writing and speaking
gonna – I’m gonna go to work. XXX
going to – I am going to go to work.
*when/while -time
when – one thing happened
Joe was washing the dishes when the phone rang.
_________________*
while – two things happening at the same time
Sarah was relaxing while her husband was making dinner.
**************************
¬¬__________________________
‘while’ goes well with continuous tenses ‘ing’
I can’t talk on my phone while I am driving.
I will call when I get to my destination.
While my daughter was talking, my son was making faces behind her.
My dog stares at me while I am sleeping. I would say this.
My dog stares at me when I sleep. Sound ok. Sound good.
My dog stared at me while I slept.
My dog stared at me while I was sleeping. more natural-sounding
while + ‘ing’ - go well together, fit together nicely
Every night while you are sleeping, a ghost is in your room looking at you.
That guy was staring at me while we were having lunch.
My mother called me when I was in class.
My mother called me while I was studying.
My mother called me while I was reading a book.
My mother called me while I was robbing a bank.
My mother called me while I was chasing a squirrel around the park.
ADVICE: ‘while’ use ‘ing’, sounds really natural
The teenagers were laughing while they were doing their homework.
I waited a while. SIMPLE SENTENCE – different usage of ‘while’
Junko will call you in a while. – couple of hours-
It took a while to get through to Shaw Cable on the phone.
*if
Sara will go to your party if you invite her.
If you invite Sara, she will go to your party.
If you get a English-speaking boyfriend or girlfriend, you will speak pretty good English within one year.
*even if
Sara will not go to your party even if you invite her.
We will to the park even if it rains.
You have to brush your teeth even if you don’t want to.
You must continue to study if you want to get really good at English.
You must continue to study even if you find English hard.
My son doesn’t go to sleep even if he is very tired.
*unless – negative ‘if’
Let’s grab some coffee if you are free.
Let’s grab some coffee unless you are busy.
Sarah plays volleyball every Tuesday unless she is working.
Call me if you have time.
Call me unless you don’t have time.
grab some coffee – drink some coffee
* though, although, even though- all the same meaning, your choice
Donna likes to study English even though/although/though it is hard for her.
My mother-in-law and I smile at each other even though we hate each other. – just a joke
I like living in Vancouver although rent is expensive.
‘though’- a bit more casual, good for talking
*so that = for a purpose
Shirin is saving money so that she can take a vacation to Iran next year.
You are learning more English so that you can get a BC high school diploma.
The old woman exercises everyday so that she can stay healthy as she ages.
The man apologized to his wife so that he wouldn’t have to sleep in the doghouse anymore.
‘in the doghouse’ – idiom – in trouble with your wife, your wife is angry at you
“Uh-oh. I forgot our anniversary. I’m in the doghouse.”
*so ... that
so ADJ that
so cold that
Today, it is so cold that I am wearing two sweaters.
The noodles were so spicy that my mouth was burning.
The girl is so beautiful that she has 100 people wanting to marry her.
The woman is so smart that she works for NASA.
My brother is so tall that he has to duck his head when he walks through a door.
We will continue with this tomorrow.
I will stay on Zoom if anybody wants to talk.
Try some examples of your own in Chat:
1. I am not going to the park because I have classes in the evening.
2. If we have time tomorrow, we will bake some cake.
3. I will stay home if it’s rainy.
4. I was driving home when I saw a big collision.
5. I will be getting tired while I’m not using power tools. Meaning?
6. I will give you a map so that you can find the way.
7. The police were chasing me while I was driving in a school zone yesterday.
8. My dog stares at me while I'm eating dinner because he wants to get food.
9. I will go to the store after taking my daughter from school. SIMPLE
10. My father called you while you were sleeping.
11. I can't give you an invoice until you finish the project.
12. I will wait until the end. SIMPLE
I will wait until the end arrives. COMPLEX
13. Even though she likes animals, Mary doesn't want a dog.
14. My dog is sleeping while I am working.
15. I can not talk with my cellphone while I am driving .
16. Even if Ali earned a big salary, she would not buy a fast car.
17. Josua will bake the pie if you bring the ingredients.
18. Call me please when you are free.
19. I will go on holiday after summer season.
20. Nacy will go to school early tomorrow if her mom does not come to visit her.
I am seeing a lot of ‘because’, ‘when’, and ‘if’.
Your challenge is to try new ones. We can try some new ones tomorrow.
21. I want to buy a bike although it's a little expensive.
22. I try to study English although it is hard for me.
23. I can’t talk to you until I finish my homework.
24. Because Covid-19 is getting worse in India, every country
should be getting help to India.
Excellent work. We will continue with this tomorrow.
can/ be able to – modal auxiliaries
I can speak English. MORE COMMON
I am able to speak English.
can – permission
Can I borrow your car?
can- ability
He can cook Persian food.
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