COMPOUND
COMPLEX -
adverb clauses
noun clauses
adjective clauses
adverb - describes a verb, modifies a verb
"ly"- usually She usually runs in the park. when
slowly, quickly He talks too quickly.
clearly He speaks clearly. I understand clearly.
hardly- almost not at all He hardly works. lazy
hard He works hard. - good worker, hardworking (a)
I study English hardly. lazy, no effort
I study hard. lots of energy, work
recently Joanne spoke to her mother recently.
rapidly My grandmother's health is rapidly declining.
fast The little kids run fast.
well I think you speak English very well.
good,
friendly (adj) (adv) She is friendly. She talks to me very friendly.
adverb clauses SV - modifies a verb
HIGH FREQUENCY
because if when
after before
We are distracted because there is a fly buzzing around the room.
Claire rode her bike because it is a sunny day today.
Because it is a sunny day today, Claire rode her bike.
When you begin with an adverb clause, you need a comma.
You need a comma when you begin with an adverb clause.
I am wearing a hat, because it is raining. XXX
MODELS FOR ADVERB CLAUSES:
I am wearing a hat because it is raining.
Because it is raining, I am wearing a hat.
if - maybe yes, maybe no
Sarah will come to your birthday party if she's free.
If she's free, Sarah will come to your birthday party. PRON NOT CLEAR
If Sarah's free, she will come to your birthday party.
PRON - not clear
She was talking her mother because she wanted to know if she found her ring. PRON
after before - time
The kids do their homework after supper. SIMPLE
The kids do their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX
The kids do their homework after they finish/eat/have their supper. COMPLEX- adverb clause
The kids finish their supper; then they do their homework. COMPOUND then - no comma
The kids finish their supper, then they do their homework. XXX COMMA SPLICE
since - time
Mohomed has lived in Canada since 2015. SIMPLE
Mohomed has lived in Canada since SV 2015.
Mohomed has lived in Canada since his family immigrated here in 2015. COMPLEX - adv cl
Since Mohomed's family immigrated here in 2015, he has lived in Canada.
ever since - time, feels like a long time
We have been waiting for the bus since 12:15. 7m
We have been waiting for the bus ever since 11:30.
45m
I have lived in Vancouver ever since I moved here in 1989.
You have lived in Vancouver since you moved here in July.
They have been married
if/ even if
A B
Sarah will come to your party if you invite her.
B affects A, logic
A B
Sarah will not come to your party even if you invite her.
B doesn't affect A
I will not get you more Lego even if you ask me a million times.
You will pass the class if you work hard.
You will pass the class even if you miss half the tests. This is a bird course- very easy.
if only - dreaming, not real
If only I won the 6/49, I would buy a solid gold toothbrush.
I would play in the NBA if only I were 220cm tall.
if - real things
Joe can play in the NBA if he gets scouted in university.
unless - if (opposite)
We will go to Richmond Night Market if it is nice on Friday.
We will go to Richmond Night Market unless it is
Sarah will come to your party if you invite her.
Sarah will come to your party unless you don't invite her.
except that/ except for - but, something negative
We had a great vacation in Hawaii except that I lost my phone.
Vancouver is a really good city to live in except that it rains too much.
except for NOUN
Vancouver is a really good city to live in except for all the rain. all the rain - too much
She likes Precalculus 12 except for all the homework.
She likes Precalculus 12 except that there is a lot of homework.
The wedding was really boring except (for) the fight between the two mothers. SIMPLE
The wedding was really boring except that the two mothers got into a big wrestling match. COMPLEX
Your daughter likes all vegetables except for tomatoes. SIMPLE
Your daughter likes all vegetables except that she hates tomatoes. COMPLEX adv cl
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