verb tense -
present
past
future
12 tenses - not all are important, not all are commonly used
focus on the tenses that are most often used
* SIMPLE PRESENT
- habit, habitual, everyday action
1. actions
"I brush my teeth several times a day."
"Sarah studies English at SHEC."
South Hill Education Centre
"Johan plays football on Thursday nights."
"Johan plays football every Thursday night."
soccer - football
American football - football
ice hockey - hockey
field hockey, ball hockey
"Sara rides her bicycle to work three days a week."
"Sara bikes to work three days a week."
"Mark cooks supper for his family on the weekends."
supper - relaxed at home
dinner - more formal, special, Xmas dinner
anniversary dinner
birthday dinner
wedding banquet - very special dinner
French word - banquet, genre, foyer, formidable
2. facts - true, truth, can't argue
Two plus two is four.
The sun is a star.
The earth is round.
Canada is the second-largest country in the world.
A dog makes a good pet.
A bear does not make a good pet.
3. states of being, to be
Michele lives in Vancouver.
Dave is very sad.
Jon is tall.
simple present - very useful, everyday usage
VERY HIGH FREQUENCY - We use it a lot.
* SIMPLE PAST
- not like simple present
- one event in the past, finished
Last night, I went to the gym.
I go to the gym. - totally different
present past
go went
like liked
walk walked
watch watched
Joe swam in the pool at Second Beach last Wednesday morning.
Joe swims in the pool at Second Beach every Wednesday morning.
Tina lived in Beijing before she came to Vancouver.
I worked as a painter before I became a teacher.
I painted a lot of houses.
simple past - HIGH FREQUENCY
* SIMPLE FUTURE - one event that will happen in the future
"will" modal auxiliary
She will go to Surrey.
"am going to"
She is going to go to Surrey.
will/am going to
"I am going to pick up Cookie at 6."
"I will pick up Cookie at 6."
"I thought I was going to pick her up."
"No, I will do it."
"No, I am going to do it."
Don't worry about it too much.
"I'm going to go now."
"I will go now." slightly unusual sounding
Modal auxiliary -kind of helper verb
can
could
may
might
should
will
would
can + go
can + "
I can go to the party.
You can go to the party.
Maria can go to the party.
Your grandmother can go to the party.
Ten kids can go to the party.
I go the the party.
Maria goes the the party.
will + infinitive -"to"
will
will go
The dog will go to the park.
Ten dogs will go to the park.
Sarah will goes to the park. XXX
Sarah will going to the park. XXX
Sarah will went to the park. XXX
Sarah will go to the park.
It will rain tomorrow.
Michele will be at the party.
When the little boy grows up, he will be a cowboy.
will say
will drive
will eat
will sleep
HIGH FREQUENCY
Write a few sentences for practice using these three verb tenses:
SIMPLE PRESENT, SIMPLE PAST, SIMPLE FUTURE
Ex. "David plays guitar."
"David plays guitar when his friends come over."
"David plays guitar, but he doesn't play piano."
I drink 1 cup of coffee every morning and 2 cups of tea at afternoon.
I drink one cup of coffee every morning and two cups of tea in the afternoon.
I drink a cup of tea in the morning.
I drink fifteen 15 cups of coffee every morning and then I run to work. XXX
I drink fifteen 15 cups of coffee every morning, and then I run to work. COMPOUND
I drink fifteen 15 cups of coffee every morning and then run to work. SIMPLE
I will get a new backpack.
I will get a new bookbag.
They will take/go on a cruise to Alaska for one week.
They will take a one-week cruise to Alaska.
hyphen
two words modifying a noun use a hyphen and no 's'
The boy is four years old.
He is a four years old boy. XXX
He is a four-year-old boy.
This class is two hours long.
This is a two hours class. XXX
This is a two-hour class. - hyphen
SHEC is one hundred years old.
SHEC is a one hundred years old school. XXX
SHEC is a one-hundred-year-old school.
I will stop smoking because it is bad for my health.
* PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
continuous, progressive 'ing'walking going sleeping
need auxialiary - extra, helper
AUX
The cat sleeping on the bed. XXX
The cat is sleeping on the bed.
ongoing action - continuing action
Sarah is driving to Surrey right now.
We are reviewing English verbs today.
HIGH FREQUENCY
I live in Vancouver. SIMPLE PRESENT
I am living in Vancouver. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
active - more energy
I study English at SHEC.
I am studying English at SHEC.
Julie is working downtown.
Julie works downtown.
different feeling
I work in Vancouver.
downtown, home - no preposition
I will go to Burnaby tonight.
I will go
Julie goes
I will go to your home. Then, I will go home.
Exceptions: I work at home. I stay home. I stay at home.
prepositions - at to in for on by for
verb + preposition - really powerful in English
I live Vancouver. XXX
I live in Vancouver.
I live on Fraser Street.
I live at 2345 Fraser Street.
I live by the school.
verb + prep
look + at
look for
look after
look up
look up to "Julie looks up to her grandmother."
respects
verb + prep Phrasal verb !!!!
* PAST PROGRESSIVE
We were watching a movie last night.
We watched a movie last night. one event, nothing unexpected happened
We were watching a movie last night. - focus on the action 'watch'
We watched a movie last night. - focus on the movie, event
I drove my son to Hillcrest Community Centre yesterday. - nothing unusual or unexpected happened
I was driving my son to Hillcrest Community Centre yesterday when we saw a guy on a bicycle get hit by a car. - something unusual or unexpected happened
She was walking along the beach when she saw an orca.
When she was walking along the beach, she saw an orca breach. COMPLEX SENTENCE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
ing verb
"Julie will be working tonight until 9."
"Julie will working tonight until 9." XXX
"Julie will work tonight until 9." SIMPLE FUT
"Julie is working right now.:
"Julie will be working tonight until 9."
"Julie will work tonight until 9."
"You
have to - obligation, modals
"You have to keep up on your homework in high school."
"You should keep up on your homework in high school." XXX Not strong enough
NOT COMMONLY USED, NOT HIGH FREQUENCY
We will watch a movie tonight.
We will be watching a movie tonight. UNNECESSARY
We will be playing basketball tomorrow.
I will be cooking when you come over.
I will be there in 10 minutes. SIMPLE FUTURE
I will be arriving there in 10 minutes. STRANGE
We will be arriving in Vancouver in 30 minutes. PILOT
PRESENT PERFECT
very important, unusual
perfect - doesn't mean 'perfect'
started in the past, continues up to now.
"Julie has lived in Vancouver for three years."
It helps to use a time indicator. "for three weeks." "since 2009."
"Michele has studied music composition since 2009." a span of time up to now
"Jon has worked for Translink for 18 years."
"Joe and Jane have been married for six months."
present perfect
present past participle
go went gone
work worked worked
blow blew blown
live lived lived
be was/were been
speak spoke spoken
"I have spoke to your sister." XXX
"I have spoken to your sister."
PAST PERFECT
English speakers don't often use it.
"Maria had lived in Quebec for three years."
"Maria lived in Quebec for three years."
USE SIMPLE PAST INSTEAD
FUTURE PERFECT
English speakers don't often use it.
"Maria will have lived in Quebec for three years by the time she finishes college."
"Maria will live in Quebec for three years by the time she finishes college."
USE SIMPLE FUTURE INSTEAD
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Useful, not everyday
"Sarah has worked at LuluLemon for six months."
"Sarah has been working at LuluLemon for six months."
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Unusual
Michelle had been living in China for ten years."
Michelle was living in China for ten years."
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Never! Forget about it!
"Joan will have been living in Spain for ten years by the time she gets her full citizenship."
"Joan will be living in Spain for ten years by the time she gets her full citizenship."
Quiz - six sentences
Write a sentence for each:
1. eat simple past
The dog ate the cat.
2. go present progressive
I am going to walk downtown tonight.
3. sleep past progressive
I was sleeping when you knocked on the door.
4.
5.
6.
Simple present
Simple past
Simple future
Present progressive
Past progressive
Present perfect
If you can learn to these verb tenses, you will be able to do any school work, from high school to university.
dorm dormitory - housing at a college
freshman - 1st year
sophomore - 2nd year
junior - 3rd year
senior - 4th year
biology - bio-life ology-study
geology geo-earth
psychology psycho-mind
"psycho"- slang "crazy" NOT A NICE WORD
bookworm
chorus - singing group
choir - singing group in a church
HW Write a few sentences for each person, Bod, Robert and Roberta.
Bob is studying biology in university. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Robert died when he was 72. SIMPLE PAST
Roberta will be born in 2046. SIMPLE FUTURE
She will be living in a spaceship. FUTURE PROG
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