SIMPLE
sv
COMPOUND
sv sv
, SOBA
;
; TRANS,
COMPLEX
adverb clause
because when if since after although
noun clause
believe, think, say, know, remember, understand
that why how
adjective clause
who that which
whom
whose
where
Exercise A
1. Louis knows the woman who is meeting us at the airport.
The woman who Louis knows is meeting us at the airport. object pronoun
The woman whom Louis knows is meeting us at the airport. too formal, people don't use it
The woman Louis knows is meeting us at the airport.
2. Sally inherited a chair which is an antique from her grandmother. subject pronoun - can't change it
Sally inherited an antique chair from her grandmother. SIMPLE
The chair which Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique. object pronoun - can change it
The chair Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique. MOST NATURAL FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS
3. I sat on the bench that was wet.
subject pronoun - can't change it
The bench that I sat on was wet.
object pronoun - we can change it
The bench I sat on was wet.
Simple is hard.
4. The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. object pronoun
The man I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days.
5. The woman whom I miss seeing used to sell flowers on the street corner.
The woman who I miss seeing used to sell flowers on the street corner.
The woman I miss seeing used to sell flowers on the street corner.
The woman who used to sell flowers on the street corner I miss seeing. XXX
The woman who used to sell flowers on the street corner that I miss seeing. XXX
I miss seeing the woman who used to sell flowers on the street corner.
Variety of styles!!
6. Write it in two different ways
The architect who is brilliant works with Mario.
Mario works with the architect who is brilliant.
The architect who Mario works with is brilliant.
The architect Mario works with is brilliant.
The architect whom Mario works with is brilliant.
TOO FORMAL
The architect with whom Mario works is brilliant.
SUPER FANCY
7. Mary tutors students who need extra help in geometry.
The students who need extra help in geometry are tutored by Mary. passive voice
The students who Mary tutors need extra help in geometry.
Three different ways just using adjective clauses
8. I took a picture of the rainbow that/which appeared in the sky.
The colours of the rainbow: Roy G. Biv
C.
2. The girl who won the race is happy.
The girl is happy because she won the race. ADV CL
The girl won the race, so she is happy. COMPOUND
The girl won the race;
The girl is happy; obviously, she won the race.
The student who sits next to me is from China.
misplaced modifier
I gave a table to my sister that has three legs. XXX
I gave a table that has three legs to my sister.
The man saw a cat who was driving a motorcycle. XXX
The man who was driving a motorcycle saw a cat.
