Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 12:00
Today’s agenda
·
Begin paragraph work
·
Finish overview of sentences
·
Continue dialogues“Interviewing for a Job”
·
Pronunciation work/Minimal Pairs
Friday- Butter Day
Most Fridays, I bring my dog, Butter, to school.
·
Begin simple sentences
·
Review of paragraph work
·
Test#1 – easy topic- paragraph of at least 150
ww (final 50m)
·
HW New dialogue for next week
Monday
·
Continue simple sentences
Prepare for Quiz#1 on Monday – simple
sentences
Explain the structure of the quiz
Choose vocabulary to review for the quiz
Tuesday
·
Quiz#1-simple sentences
quiz -20m
test- 50m
exam – 2-3hrs
Assessment of test
mark your test out of 6 pts.
Double the marks
4/6 = 8/12
Paragarph tomorrow
8/12 plus 1 extra point
Things that I am looking for in a
paragraph:
Format – how the writing is
arranged on the page
-
use regular lined ruled paper
-
heading at the top
-
full name and class at the top right
-
write in pen- blue or black ink
-
doublespace
-
write between the margins (red lines)
-
Introduction to Paragraphs EF5
Paragraphs
-
collection of sentences (5,6,7 sentences on one
topic)
-
at least 150 words, around 150-250 ww
Sweet spot- a happy medium
the Goldilocks zone- fairy tale, children’s story
TRICK FOR COUNTING WORDS-
Count two lines.- average # of
words per line
Count how many lines are in the
paragraph
-
types/modes of writing:
1.narrative writing - tell a story, you are the
narrator of a story (Test#1), comfortable telling their own stories
2.descriptive writing – describes something, descriptive vocab, adj adv,
five senses
senses – points of contact to the world
- taste, hearing, sight, touch, smell
3.process writing- teach how to do something, explain how something
works, step-by-step
e.g cooking, recipe, how to drive
4.persuasive writing- give your opinion on a topic and give reasons why
you hold that opinion, try to convince someone, persuade someone
VOCAB mode- a focus, a way- cell telephone “low-battery
mode”
laptop “low-power mode”
“Put your phone in Airplane Mode.”
your focus at the moment- “I can’t talk right now. I am in work
mode.”
*Narrative writing – You tell a short personal story about
something that happened to you.
e.g. What did you
last Sunday?
Write about a funny/fun thing
that happened when you were a kid.
funny(ad)- humorous
fun(adj)- enjoyable
narrative(adj) narrate(v) narrator(noun-person who tells a
story)
Structure of a paragraph
Topic sentence- addresses the question, refers to the question
What did you do last Sunday?
-borrow words from the question or use synonyms
EXAMPLE TOPIC
SENTENCE
Last Sunday,
I was very busy with guests.
MY ADVICE
Topic sentence- sets your reader to be able to follow your
writing more easily
Supporting sentences
Concluding sentence
LESS EFFECTIVE -
Supporting sentences
Topic sentence
Title: Test#1 Quiz#2
What I am looking for:
1.Good format
2.Well organized
3.Strong sentences
You are probably already
experienced with English.
We will learn the fundamental
sentences styles that we use everyday. If this is new to you, let’s learn a lot
about sentences. Even if you already know about them, I still have some new
things to teach you.
Full review of the three sentence
types: very important, very useful, very practical, everyday usage
We study sentences so that we can
use them in your real life- school, work, social life, business, on the street.
IRL- in real life
Quick overview of sentence types
1.SIMPLE
2.COMPOUND
3.COMPLEX
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX (mix of 2 and
3)
99.9999% of the time, these three
sentence types will allow to write anything you want.
If you want to write and speak well
in English, this is what you want to do.
**
Side Note: I have a small
business where I do editing for university students, mostly nurses and nursing
students. What I do is read their essays and papers and then edit their writing.
I use almost exclusively simple, compound, and complex sentences.
ANOTHER SIDE NOTE: Every year on Tuesday
nights (5-6pm) from November-January, I do an Advanced Sentence Structure
Tutorial on Zoom. This is aimed at upper-level students who want to polish
their sentence writing. Feel free to join my Zoom tutorial.
No homework. No assignments. No
mark.
Check my blog in mid-October for
the Zoom link.
QUICK PREVIEW- I will go into
detail in ensuing classes.
THESE ARE THE SENTENCE TYPES:
1.
SIMPLE SENTENCE – one main
clause, one independent clause
Clause – group of words with a subject
and a verb (SV)
one main clause, one independent
clause = SV,
a complete idea, one idea, a
sentence by itself
independent- self-contained
clause = a group of verbs with a subject
and a verb
Subject+Verb, S+V
SIMPLE SENTENCE S=subject V=verb
S+V “It is sunny.” It is sunny.
one underline for subject
two underlines for verb
SV “It is partially sunny.” It
is partially sunny. rainy- adjective
SV “Today is cold.” Today is cold.
SV “The dog likes apples.”
partial(adj) part(n)
IMPORTANT: Don’t forget a capital letter at the beginning. Don’t forget a
period at the end.
Different styles of simple
sentence:
-SV
The sky is blue.
-SSV subject subject verb
You
and I are talking on the phone.
-SVV “The dog is sleeping and is snoring.”
-SVVV (probably the maximum)
The kids are running, yelling, and eating.
-SSSV (probably the maximum)
-SSVV
The old man and his granddaughter
go to the park and play.
Basic structures: SV SSV SVV SSVV
Another style of simple sentence:
-Imperative, command sentence –
tell somebody to do something
“Come
in.” “Watch out.” “Sit down.” “Open the window, please.”
no subject “You come in.”
implied subject, don’t say ‘you’
“(You) Come in, please.”
Everybody understands that ‘you’ is the subject.
make it sound polite – please
IDIOM the magic word. What’s the
magic word?
My way of using commas with
‘please’ (fairly common):
Come in, please. comma
Please come in. no comma
Please wash the dishes.
Please, wash the dishes. SOUNDS IRRITATED,
ANGRY
Wash the dishes, please. WITH
COMMA – sounds good
Another style of simple sentence:
-interrogative sentence –
question, interrogate (ask questions)
“What are you doing?”
“What time is it?”
“Where did you park the car?” SV?
REVIEW OF SIMPLE SENTENCES:
SV SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative Interrogative
SV
SV – two simple sentences in a row, connected together
with
coordinating conjunctions
7
coordinating conjunctions in English- FANBOYS
mnemonic
(memory aid) for and nor but or yet so
mnemonic
pronunciation (new mon ic) Greek word?
English
is a primarly a mix of Latinate languages, Greek, and Germanic languages
Latinate
– Spanish, French, Italian
Latin
– ancient language from Italy
any
word one syllable – Anglo Saxon word
plumber
– Gr
pneumonia
– Gr
mnemonic
lagubrious
-latin – sad
MY
OPINION: FANBOYS – not that helpful, several are not used often in compound
FANBOYS
*for – used very rarely in compound
sentences
Sarah
is wearing a hat today, for it is cold. not common usage
Sarah
is wearing a hat today because it is cold. complex – more authentic
Forget
about ‘for’. People don’t talk that way.
‘for’
is used in other ways
Here
is a gift for you. simple, not compound
*and
– very often used
Michelle bought
a new coat, and it is very
nice. compound
*nor
– not commonly used in compound sentences, nobody says ‘nor’
Dave
does not speak Farsi, nor does he speak Arabic. very unusual, formal
Dave
does not speak Farsi or Arabic. simple sentence, authentic English
*but
– used all the time
It is
sunny today, but it is supposed to rain
tomorrow.
*or
– very commonly used
You
can go to the party, or you can stay home.
*yet
– not commonly used in compound sentences
It
is cold, yet we are going for a walk. weirdly formal
It
is cold, but we are going for a walk. more authentic- real sounding English
SIMPLE
SENTENCE Are you finished, yet?
*so
– used all the time in compound sentences
Maria
is tired, so she will take a nap.
My
suggestion:
FANBOYS – F N Y not useful
‘for’
‘nor’ ‘yet’ not used very often in compound sentences, low-frequency usage,
ignore them for the most part
We
are left with these: SOBA so or but and
mnemonic-
SOBA
most
useful, high-frequency usage: SOBA so or but and
We
use these every day, all day long.
soba-
japanese buckwheat noodles
Near
Chinatown: https://theramenbutcher.com/
EXAMPLES
OF ‘SOBA” IN COMPOUND SENTENCES
“It
is raining, so we can’t play soccer.”
“You
can come to school, or you can go to work.”
“I
like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan
likes hiking, and she also likes skiing.”
,
so ,or
,but ,and
Next
level of compound sentences:
; semicolon – looks professional,
high-status, looks smart
; substitute for , so , or
, but , and
“It is raining, so we
can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; we can’t
play soccer.”
“You can come to school, or
you can go to work.”
“You can come to school;
you can also go to work.”
“You can come to school; or
you can also go to work.” XXX
“I like chocolate, but I
don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t
eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking, and she
likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; she
likes skiing.
Looks great! Your choice- casual,
fancier
Next next level of compound
sentences:
This way, with transitional
terms, sounds better.
therefore however
also nevertheless moreover
furthermore
- Hundreds of them- I will give
you about 20. You can focus on learning those- that’s enough for EF45.
OPTIONS FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES
“It is raining, so we
can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; we can’t
play soccer.”
“It is raining; therefore, we
can’t play soccer.” VERY NICE!
“You can come to school, or you
can go to work.”
“You can come to school; you can also
go to work.”
“You can come to school;
alternatively, you can go to work.”
“You can come to school; on
the other hand, you can go to work.”
“On one hand, you can come
to school; on the other hand, you can go to work.”
“I like chocolate, but I don’t
eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t eat it
everyday.”
“I like chocolate; however,
I don’t eat it everyday.”
ANOTHER OPTION “I like chocolate.
However, I don’t eat it everyday.” 2 simples
You can still use the
transitional terms even if if you don’t use semicolons.
“Joan likes hiking, and she likes
skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; she likes
skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; also, she
likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking. Also, she
likes skiing.”
COMMON ERROR
“Joan likes hiking, also,
she likes skiing.” XXX comma doesn’t go there- not strong enough, has to be ;
Make up your sentences according
to the situation.
This is all about your choice. I
want you to have choices.
1. SIMPLE SV
SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative(command) Interrogative(question)
2. COMPOUND , FANBOYS , SOBA- much more useful
;
semicolon
;
therefore, TRANSITIONAL TERMS
3. COMPLEX
SENTENCES- adverb clauses, noun clauses, adjective clauses
a.
adverb clauses – because if when unless until after before although, etc
We
will do about 20-30.
“Sarah
doesn’t want to talk to Maria because they had an argument.”
main clause adverb clause no comma
“Because
Sarah and Maria had an argument, Sarah doesn’t want to talk to
her.”
adverb
clause
main clause comma
“We
won’t go to the beach if it rains.”
“If
it rains, we won’t go to the beach.”
She
is happy, because she won the lottery. XXX no comma, small error
She is
happy because she won the lottery.
**
IMPORTANT POINT: You always need a SV. If you don’t have a SV for each clause,
you will likely run into trouble. Special case: imperative
Sit
down. You sit down. implied subject
Example:
My sister lives in Vancouver, works in a store. XXX
FIX
My
sister lives in Vancouver and works in a store.
My
sister lives in Vancouver, and she works in a store.
My
sister lives in Vancouver; she works in a store.
My
sister lives in Vancouver; also,
she works in a store.
b.
noun clauses – brain, tongue
A.
brain- think, believe, know, guess,
understand, imagine, remember, forget, etc.
tongue-
say, whisper, state, yell, remind, claim, argue, etc.
B. that why how
Take
a verb from the A group and join it with a word from the B group to make a noun
clause.
A
think
B
that
“Mohammed
thinks that he should call
his brother.”
A
think
B
how
He
thought about how he could fix his car.
A
believe
B
that
“The
little girl believes that there is a monster in her closet.”
A
say
B
that
“Maria
said that we need more printer paper.”
A.tell
B.why
“Junko
didn’t tell us why she quit her job.”
A
know B how
“I
don’t know how I can fix my car.”
“I
don’t know how to fix my car.”
More common- different pattern
“I
don’t know how can I fix my car.” XXX
How
can I fix my car? SIMPLE SENTENCE - interrogative
“I
don’t know how I can fix my car.”
I
know how I can succeed in my life.
c.
adjective clauses – describe nouns, use ‘who that which’
who-people
that-things,
animals
which-
special things, unique things
“Fatima’s
neighbour, who is 86 years old, still lives on her own.”
“Marta
has some nice boots that she got from a fancy store in Tokyo.”
“Beijing,
which is the capital of China, is a huge ancient city”
- commas around adjective clauses –
complicated
-
other words less important: ‘whom’ ‘whose’ ‘where’
COMPOUND COMPLEX
e.g. Mei loves to eat chocolate,
but Junko doesn’t like it because she is allergic to it.
I don’t want to go to the party,
but you should go if you want to.
Overview – Over the next few
weeks, I will teach these sentences styles to you in great detail. If you learn
these styles, you will be able to do anything that you want in written English:
school, job, life, writing.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND COMPLEX
If you are willing to come with
me on this journey through English sentences, let’s do it! We all will learn a
lot. Ready to go?
“Interviewing for a Job”
2. HR
3. Nice
to see you. casual
Good to meet you.
Glad to meet you.
My pleasure.
Pleased to meet you.
4. Please,
take a seat.
Common interview questions:
What are some strengths that you would bring to this
position?
detail-oriented, hardworking, good interpersonal skills, a
quick study, fast learner, punctual
What is one weakness that you have?
-talk about a weakness but make it sound like a strength
What is your availability? Can you work nights and weekends?
Why did you choose this company?
-
do some homework about the company
What are your expectations for salary?
-do your homework about comparable salaries
HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS
What would you do if …
STAR
Why did you leave your last job/position?
-never talk negatively about old employers
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