EF45 Class 16

 

Good morning, everyone.

Reminder: Monday is a holiday.

 

This is almost the end of 3 ½ weeks.

I will give the first spoken marks next week.

In-class speaking

First mark next week       X/10

Second mark and of the course       x/15

Spoken- 25 pts in total

 

I have a gig tonight. I have to play music tonight. I can’t watch the game.

gig- a musicians’s job, musical show, concert

A musician has gigs.

A worker has shifts.

Music is higher-priority than watching a hockey game.

 

 

Today’s agenda

·     Quiz#2- compound sentences

·     Begin complex sentences- overview of complex sentences

·     Continue “Going to an Eye Doctor”

·     Finish “Academic Vocabulary 1”

 

Friday

·     Begin complex sentences – adverb clauses

·     Listening fun

·     HW  Read new dialogue “Talking to a Landlord”

 

Tuesday and Wednesday- Melanie- excellent teacher

 

Thursday

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz#2

Write a compound sentence for each.

Doublespace.

Write in pen.

Electronic away.

Submit by 12:40.

1.   as a result         doctor

2.   however  appointment

3.   also           cooking

4.   so              love

5.   but            friend

6.   and           time

 

 

 

REVIEW-

1.   SIMPLE SENTENCES

SV   SSV   SVV  SSVV   Imperative(command) Interrogative(question)

 

2. COMPOUND   , FANBOYS   , SOBA- much more useful

                           ; semicolon

                           ; therefore, TRANSITIONAL TERMS

 

3. COMPLEX SENTENCES a. adverb clauses

b. noun clauses

c. adjective clauses

 

a. adverb clauses – because if when unless until after before although, etc

We will do about 20-30.

 

“Sarah doesn’t want to talk to Maria because they had an argument.”

main clause adverb clause  no comma

“Because Sarah and Maria had an argument, Sarah doesn’t want to talk to her.”

adverb clause  main clause comma

 

“We won’t go to the beach if it rains.” main clause adverb clause  

“If it rains, we won’t go to the beach.” adverb clause  main clause

 

She is happy, because she won the lottery. XXX no comma, small error

She is happy because she won the lottery.

 

** IMPORTANT POINT: You always need a SV. If you don’t have a SV for each clause, you will likely run into trouble. Special case: imperative

Sit down. You sit down. implied subject

 

Example: My sister lives in Vancouver, works in a store. XXX

FIXES

My sister lives in Vancouver and works in a store. SIMPLE

My sister lives in Vancouver, and she works in a store. COMPOUND

My sister lives in Vancouver; she works in a store. COMPOUND

My sister lives in Vancouver; also, she works in a store. COMPOUND

When my sister lived in Vancouver, she worked in a store. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

My sister lived in Vancouver when she worked in the store. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

My sister lived in Vancouver; at the same time, she worked in the store. COMPOUND

 

 

 

REVIEW OF SENTENCE STYLES

You have to practice these every day if you want to get good at them. You will be amazed at how good you will get at sentence writing or whatever you are doing in six months or a year.

 

When are you most alert in the day? – awake, aware, highest energy

Give that prime brain time to the things you most want to learn.

 

-morning people- best in the morning, most alert in the morning

-night owls- best at night, most alert in the late night

 

When do you peak in the day?

Save that golden time for what you care about most.

 

circadian rhythm- natural ebb and flow of energy in your day, your body clock, physiological – body, psychological- mind

 

I tell my kids this all the time: The most important things in life are boring.

 

Let’s get our second wind.

IDIOM your second wind- new energy after being tired

 

 

*SIMPLE – 1 main/independent clause

SV   SSV   SVV  SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

*COMPOUND     , SOBA     ;     ; TRANS,

2 main clauses/independent clauses joined together

1.   , FANBOYS , SOBA

2.   ; semicolon

3.   ; TRANS,   e.g. ; moreover,

 

*COMPLEX - 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause

- adverb clauses

- noun clauses NEXT WEEK

- adjective clauses IN TWO WEEKS

 

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES= 

 

simple sentence + subordinate clause (dependent clause)

main clause + subordinate clause

main clause = independent clause

 

-independent-

independent person- by yourself, support yourself, don’t need help, buy your own groceries, cook your own food, do your own laundry

 

-dependent person – needs help, can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them, drive them around

independent clause- a group of words with SV, is a simple sentence

dependent clause- a group of words with SV, not a sentence

 

The sky is blue. SIMPLE SENTENCE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

 

although it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE FRAGMENT

 

The sky is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX

The sky is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

 

Mei is tired today. Because she had insomnia last night. XXX

FIX

Mei is tired today because she had insomnia last night. 1 complex

Mei is tired today. She had insomnia last night. 2 simples

 

COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES

- because when if (most commonly used words)

 

because – give a reason

Joan is happy today. Her son is visiting her. Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.

 

Turn one of the main clauses into a subordinate clause. +because

1.   main clause + adverb clause

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy because her son is visiting her today.

 

Jun is happy today. Her son is visiting her. 2 SIMPLES

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL

NOTE: no comma before ‘because’

 

2.   adverb clause, + main clause 

Because Jun’s son is visiting her, she is happy today.

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

NOTE: need a comma

 

*** The two ways:

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

*** Either way is good. It is your choice.

 

COMMON ERROR:

Jun is happy, because her son is visiting her today. XXX

Small error with the comma.

 

EXAMPLES

He is hungry because he skipped lunch.

Because he skipped lunch, he is hungry.

He is tired because he didn’t get enough sleep.

She bought me a chocolate because it is my birthday.

** OLD-FASHIONED RULE-      Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.

It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.

 

Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK

Because it’s snowing – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK Complex sent

 

Because it’s snowing. SENTENCE FRAGMENT -not a whole sentence

fragment – piece

 

 

Some people are a little late because it’s snowy. Alternative

Some people are a little late – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Either way is fine. It’s your choice. This is more about style and intention than grammar.

 

COMMON SMALL ERROR

Some people are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX

Don’t put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice. Keep your school writing at a more formal level.

This is a stylistic choice concerning your writing style.

stylistic(adj) style(n)

 

DISCLAIMER: My writing and speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep my writing and speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business. I take a professional tone in a professional situation.

Other people are much more casual in their language usage.

You can decide what level of formality is appropriate for any situation that you are in.

 

MAIN THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH ADVERB CLAUSES:

The baby is crying because she is hungry. NO COMMA

Because the baby is hungry, she is crying. COMMA

 

MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) + ADVERB CLAUSE

MAIN CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE

 

FREE ADVICE: If you do it like that, it will always work. Everything will be ok.

 

 

 

*when - time

1.   main clause + adverb clause

My dog gets up when I get up. no comma

2.   adverb clause, + main clause 

When I get up, my dog gets up. comma

 

Call your sister when you get home.

When you get home, call your sister.

SAME MEANING- your choice

 

When Harim got up this morning, she was surprised to see snow on the ground.

Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground when she got up this morning.

 

*if – maybe yes, maybe no

 

 

*when – same time, pretty much the same time

*after, before – not the same time

 

Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground after/when she got up this morning.

 

*when – one time, once

*whenever- everytime, happens many times

Whenever Butter has to pee, he rings a bell on the door.

My neighbour’s dog escapes whenever they let it out in the backyard.

 

Whenever it rains, Mei takes an umbrella.

Mei uses an umbrella whenever it rains.

 

Mary gets nervous when she has a test. SOUNDS OK

Mary gets nervous whenever she has a test. SOUNDS BETTER

Whenever Jay watches scary movies, he has nightmares.

 

 

SAME MEANING- DIFFERENT FOCUS

Whenever she has coffee after 6pm, she has trouble getting to sleep.

She has trouble getting to sleep whenever she has coffee after 6pm.

 

night

mare- female horse

Old superstition- People used to believe that hearing a horse running at night was bad luck.

stallion- male horse

 

 

*if- maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know, not decided

1.   main clause + adverb clause

Maria should start saving her money if she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma

2.   adverb clause, + main clause 

If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. comma

Call me if you want to go for a hike.

If you want to go for a hike, call me.

 

If there is heavy snow, listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.

Listen to the radio. imperative (simple sentence)

Close the door if we are being too noisy.

Practice everyday if you want to get better at jujitsu.

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES- ADVERB CLAUSES  because   when   if

 

 

if- Call your sister if you want her to help you.

whether or not- Call your sister whether you want her to help you or not.

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW

 

 

 

 

“Going to an Eye Doctor”

Small groups, 4-6 people together

A.Warm-Up Questions

1.   dry eyes, colourblind, short-sighted, far-sighted, pink eye, presbyopia, cataracts, myopia, blind, cross-eyed, astigmatism, hypertrophy, hyperopia, eye strain, snow blindness, glaucoma

 

B.Vocabulary Preview

1.

2. vision – eyesight, big idea  Steve Jobs had a vision for Apple. He was a visonary. He was a big-picture person. He was an ideas person.

3. fatigued(adj) fatigue(n)  ‘fa tege’   The plane crashed due to metal fatigue.  fatigues- uniform a soldier wears

Some countries have essential service.

5.thorough – sorrow, Zorro

6. dilate- big pupils

7.pupil- young student, elementary school

iris- the coloured part of your eye, name of a flower

9.script- document for medication, dialpogue on paper for a movie

A doctor’s note-

speech- a talk you give to a group

10. monitor- watch closely for change, computer monitor

She bought a 24-inch monitor for video editting.

 

Ready for dialogues.