Good morning.
We will get started at 8:30.
Where the light
is brightest, the shadows are deepest. -Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Today’s Agenda:
· Continue
adverb clauses
Send me a few examples of complex sentences with adverb clauses of
your own
· Begin
“I Confess”
Small group discussion
· Review
paragraph form and structure
· Test#2
150-200 word paragraph on “What Happened During the Ice Storm” (Final 60m)
· HW Read “Dead Man’s Path” for Tuesday. Make
notes for
discussion
Email a few examples of sentences with
adverb clauses
Monday
· Finish
adverb clauses- choose words and vocab for quiz tomorrow
· Talk
about “I Confess”
· Review
paragraph form and structure
Quoting text “ “
Tuesday
· Quiz#4
adverb clauses
· Begin
“Dead Man’s Path”
·
· Finish
“Dead Man’s Path”
Wednesday
** When you learn these 25, you will be a star
in your English class!
time- after,
before, since, ever since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if,
even if, provided that, unless
manner- as,
as if, though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because,
since
purpose- in
order that, in order to, so that,
OTHERS: only if, if only
MODELS using ‘since’ in simple sentences:
‘since’ implies a span of time, usually past
until now
I came to Canada since 2019. SIMPLE XXX prep
I came to Canada in 2019. SIMPLE
I have lived in Canada since 2019. SIMPLE
present perfect
* present perfect – verb tense, a span of time
from the past until the present
GOOD MATCH: ‘since’ and present perfect tense
Luis has worked at the dealership since 2018.
present perfect
Luis has been working at the dealership since
2018. present perfect continuous
present perfect and present perfect continuous
– very similar, pretty much interchangeable
has worked present perfect – from the past
until now
has been working present perfect continuous-
from the past until now, suggests continuation into the future
I have been in Canada for two years. SIMPLE
SENTENCE
I have been living in Canada for two years.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
subtlety of verb tense
‘simple’ two uses: simple verb tense, simple
sentence (style)
I lived in Canada since 2019. Not the best
verb choice. simple past
I have lived in Canada since 2019.
I have been living in Canada since 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April, 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April 24th, 2019.
*whenever -every time, happens over and over
Whenever her dog is left alone, he tips over
the garbage and makes a mess.
Her dog tips over the garbage and makes a mess
whenever he is left alone.
Emiko feels homesick whenever she looks at her
photo album of family pictures.
Whenever Emiko looks at her photo album of
family pictures, she feels homesick.
Whenever he drinks water, he spills it all
over himself like a kid.
*if
Sarah will go to the party if she is free.
We will go to the park if it is sunny.
If it is sunny, we will go to the park.
*even if – opposite of ‘if’
Sarah will not go to the party even if she is
free.
We will go to the park even if it is not
sunny.
‘if’
A clause B clause
Sarah will go to the party if she is free.
B affects A, A depends on B
‘even if’
A
B
Sarah will not go to the party even if she is
free.
B does not affect A, A does not depend on B
Jun will not buy a new phone even if it is on
sale.
Jun will buy a new phone if it is on sale.
I will buy a new phone if I can afford it.
Will I buy a new phone? YES/NO
I will not buy a new phone even if I can
afford it. Will I buy a new phone? NO
I will not allow my son to stay out until
midnight even if the other kids are allowed.
I will allow my son to stay out until midnight
if there is a parent with them.
if / even if
* even though – the situation is true, not
conditional
* even if – maybe YES, maybe NO, conditional
Sheila will not go to the party even though
she was invited. Was she invited? YES
Sheila will not go to the party even if she is
invited. Was she invited? Uncertain. YES/NO
Michele will go kayaking even if it is
raining. Is it raining? Not sure.
Michele will go kayaking even though it is
raining. Is it raining? Yes.
Junko will not buy a new iphone13 even though
it is on sale.
A good way to change the subject:
Anyway…
Anyhow…
*provided that – ‘if’ for important things
Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free. – not
important
You can change your career provided that you
have made a good plan.
- makes it sound important
You can go to UBC if/provided that you have
the prereqs. (prerequisite courses)
provided that – makes it sound important,
signaling to your reader that this is significant to you
I allow my son to stay out until midnight
provided that there is an adult there to keep an eye on things.
You can go to the party provided that you make
good decisions.
You can choose when to use it.
going to the beach?
getting married?
immigrating to a new country?
getting some ice cream?
We can continue to be friends provided that
you be honest with me.
grab some coffee- (casual) have some coffee
*unless – changes the situation, opposite of
‘if’ ‘provided that’
Let’s grab some coffee if you’re free.
Let’s grab some coffee unless you’re busy.
free/busy -opposites
Sarah will go to the beach if it is nice on
Saturday.
Sarah will go to the beach unless it is rainy
on Saturday.
You can not pass the exam unless you work
hard.
You can pass the exam if you work hard.
if / unless – opposite, negative, positive
Instead of using ‘if’ all the time, try
‘unless’ instead.
Let’s take a raincheck on coffee if you are
busy. (idiom)
IDIOM take a raincheck – we will do it later,
postpone
An item is on sale, but there are none left.
“Can I have a raincheck, please?” “I’d like a raincheck, please.”
Let’s go for a hike this Saturday.
Oh, I can’t. Can I take a raincheck?
“No rainchecks.”
Do you want to go for a walk today?
I have a doctor’s appointment. Can I take a
raincheck?
Doctor’s assistant: Can you come next
Wednesday at 3?
You: I have to take a raincheck. I’m busy. I’m
already booked. How about Thursday at 2?
IDIOM Let’s pencil it in. I will pencil it in.
– unconfirmed appointment
You make an appointment with someone to go for
lunch next Tuesday. You are not 100% sure if you can make it. “Let’s pencil it
in. I might get called into work.”
RSVP- wedding invitations- French ‘repondez
s’il-vous-plait’
‘if you please’ “Please let me know.”
* though (a bit more casual), although, even
though – same meaning
Dave is playing with his kids even though/
although / though he has a lot of work to do.
I like the weather even though/ although/
though it is very hot.
MY OPINION: I don’t use ‘though’ for school
writing. I use it for casual writing or talking.
TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
Ken likes the weather although it is very hot.
Although it is very hot, Ken likes the
weather.
The ice cream is delicious even though it
gives me brain freeze.
IDIOM an ice cream headache, brain freeze
SOLUTION: push your thumb up into your hard
palate, the roof of your mouth
soft palate
palace
palate
pallet- square wooden base for loading things,
can be lifted with a
forklift
tines
* so ... that
so ADJ that
Junko is so tall and thin that she has trouble
buying pants.
Yesterday was so hot that Mike sat inside of
his refrigerator.
The kitten is so small that you can hold it in
the palm of your hand.
Sarah is so tired that she is nodding off in
the meeting.
IDIOM nodding off- falling asleep
The little kid was so scared of the dark that
he couldn’t get to sleep.
The Math is so hard that I have to study three
hours a day to stay on top of it.
IDIOM stay on top of – manage something
important
Mr. Smith has to stay on top of his high blood
pressure.
Butter is so quiet today that you didn’t even
know he was there.
SAME MEANING- DIFFERENT STYLE ‘so…that’ alternative
to ‘because’
Jun is so tall that she has trouble buying
pants.
Because Jun is so tall, she has trouble buying
pants.
Sarah is so tired that she is nodding off in
the meeting.
Because Sarah is so tired, she is nodding off
in the meeting.
PRO LEVEL
‘, so’
and ‘so ... that’ are not the same thing.
, so COMPOUND
so... that COMPLEX
* so that
so…that
so that – different
so that
Maria is saving money so that she can buy a
new car.
SOURCE OF CONFUSION: , so
so…that so that
Maria is saving money, so she can buy a new
car. XXX
Maria wants to buy a new car, so she is saving
money.
so that
& , so - different usage
Review and practice. Take time to figure it
all out. There is a lot here.
These terms and words can change the way you
express yourself in English. They can really help you express your thoughts and
ideas precisely and clearly.
These are very powerful terms; you can learn
to use them.
This is real authentic English that we use all
day, every day.
These terms will help you take the next step
in your English writing and speaking.
SIDE NOTE: I have a small editing business on
the side. I edit papers for UBC and SFU students, mostly nursing students who
are getting their masters degrees. When I edit a paper for a university, I use
SIMPLE, COMPOUND and COMPLEX sentences.
The stuff we are learning here will get you
through school, work, personal or business communication.
Focus on these most useful ones- high
frequency terms:
after/before
because
since
ever since
until
when/while
if
even if
unless
though/although/even though
so ... that
so that
If you get those, you’ll be on fire.
Review and practice!
IDIOM –‘on fire’ doing really well, playing
really well.
**Source of confusion- difference between
compound and complex sentences, specifically transitional terms and adverbial
conjunctions (adverb clause words)
* Compound sentence – transitional term
It snowed last night; therefore, the roads
were slick this morning.
* Complex sentence – adverbial conjunction
(adverb clause words)
The roads were slick this morning because it
snowed last night.
These are different kinds of sentences. They
may look similar, but they are not. Definitely you will get them confused
sometimes.
Very simple advice to you and to me:
If you want to learn piano, play piano a
little bit every day. In a year, you’ll be good.
If you want to learn piano to write sentence
styles in English, play
piano practice the sentence styles a little
bit every day. In a year, you’ll be good.
When your English is getting better, you will
feel great! However, you have to do the work.
If you learn these, you will be able to
express 99.9% of your ideas.
“I Confess”
We’ll pick up the discussion about this story
on Monday.
Test#2
Writing to pass in on “What Happened During
the Ice Storm”
Review paragraph form and structure
Talk about today’s paragraph
Grabber
Topic sentence – focus on the question that I
ask, stick to that topic
3-4 points
Concluding sentence
So far, the writing has been personal, first
person.
This writing will be about a story.
NO FIRST PERSON “I” unless for the grabber,
anecdote
NO PLOT SUMMARY, DON’T TELL ME THE PLOTLINE
150-200 word paragraph
Why did the boys act the way they did toward
the pheasants?
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