Good morning.
We will get started at 8:30.
“If I had an hour to solve a problem I'd spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes thinking about solutions.”
Albert Einstein
Preparation is the key to problem solving.
Any meaningful task presents a problem to be solved.
Figure out what the problem is before you try to fix anything.
Take sufficient time and effort preparing before you jump in.
Today’s Agenda:
• Quiz simple sentences
• Begin compound sentences
SOBA ;
Examples for homework
• Continue “Goalsetting”
• Process writing
• “Correction Codes”
• HW Read “What Happened During the Ice Storm” for Monday.
Make notes for Thought Questions
Prepare for the Test#1 paragraph writing
Monday
• Test#1 paragraph
• Continue compound sentences
Student examples from homework
• Begin Power theme
• Canadian Modernist nature poetry
“trees in ice”
• “What Happened During the Ice Storm”
Next week
“I Confess”
“Dead Man’s Path”
“The Ninny”
Tuesday
• Quiz#2 compound sentences
Wednesday
Simple Sentences
Four types of sentences-
simple compound complex compound-complex
--- SIMPLE SENTENCES
simple sentence- most basic form of a sentence in English, simple but powerful, very useful
ADVICE: If you have something really important to say, say it with a simple sentence.
simple sentences- direct, clear, focussed, short
e.g. thesis statement for an essay, topic sentence for a paragraph, important or weighty information
Notice that there are some important requirements for a simple sentence:
1. Must have a subject and a verb.
2. Must express a complete thought.
3. Must only have one clause.
4. ** Begins with a capital letter and ends with a period or question mark. Exclamation points are unusual in school writing. !!
** For all sentences.
A simple sentence is one main/independent clause that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
clause – a group of words with a subject and a verb, SV
Most teachers say: one simple sentence – a complete idea
Subject and a Verb
Subject and a Predicate
The old dog was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth.
main subject – just one word, noun ‘dog’
complete subject- main subject plus andy modifers, adjectives, articles
‘the old dog’
verb – action word ‘was walking’
verb= simple predicate
complete predicate – verb plus everthing else
‘was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth.’
The old dog was walking slowly around the park with a stick in his mouth. SV
SIMPLE SENTENCE- SV, Subject + Predicate
Different forms of simple sentences:
-SV
It is misty tonight.
-SSV
Joe and Alison are friends.
Canada and China have close trading relations.
Handwashing and masking are excellent ways to prevent the spread of Covid19.
-SVV
The kids are playing and are yelling.
Canada harvests and exports billions of tons of softwood annually.
-SSVV
You and I hike and bike in the summer.
Canada and the US agree on defense but disagree on trade.
So far- SV SSV SVV SSVV
You can write a lot with just those forms of simple sentences.
-Imperative -command, tell someone to do something
(You) Close the window. we don’t say ‘you’, implied subject
Close the window, please.
Come in.
Sit down.
Have something to eat.
Be careful!
(You) Wash your hands! implied subject
imply(v) – mean/suggest something but not say it
commas when using ‘please’
Please come in.
Come in, please.
FURTHER EXPLANATION ON COMMA USAGE
https://prowritingaid.com/grammar/1008092/Should-I-use-a-comma-before-or-after-%E2%80%9Cplease%E2%80%9D-in-a-sentence
-Interrogative – question
What time is it?
Is that your phone?
Do you know that person?
When is the test?
Are you tired today?
You are tired. SV
Are you tired? SV change order, flipped
What time is it? S? ‘time’ or ‘it’?
Examples of Simple Sentences:
1. Joe went to the store. SV
2. BC is experiencing severe flooding in many areas around the province. SV
3. Sarah and Jessie are going swimming. SSV
4. Trudeau and Biden met this week for high level discussions. SSV
5. The frog jumped and landed in the pond. SVV
6. The nurse took the patient’s blood pressure and checked his heart rate. SVV
7. Keep your eyes open for bargains. NO SUBJECT- implied subject “You”
Imperative- command, tell someone to do something
(You) Be careful! don’t say ‘you’, everybody understand that it is there,
implied subject – imply(v) – suggest something but not say it out loud
5. The pizza smells delicious. SV
6. There is a fly in the car with us. SV
‘Here’ and ‘there’ are not subjects. They always point to something else.
There is/are people on the street. subject verb agreement
There is/are a person on the street.
Here is your cell phone.
Here are your keys.
***Very common error***
***#1 mistake that everyone makes***
Here are your cell phone. XXX
Here is your keys. XXX
TRICKY subject verb agreement – verbs change to match the subject
e.g. Mary live lives in Vancouver. agr
NOTE: At a college level, mistakes in subject verb agreement are a big deal.
It is worth putting practice time into subject verb agreement.
7. Look on top of the refrigerator for the key. “you” implied subject- imperative
8. Please close the door. sounds more polite IMPERATIVE
9. Close the door, please. IMPERATIVE
10. Take the dog for a walk, please. IMPERATIVE
11. Please take the dog for a walk. IMPERATIVE
12. Will you help me with the math homework? Interrogative-
ask a question – flip the verb around
You are happy today.
Are you happy today? Interrogative
13. I will pick you up today. verb will pick – simple future SV
14. Will you pick me up today? will ... pick – still one verb, not two verbs SV INTERROGATIVE
will – helping verb, modal, modal auxiliary
will go
We will go hiking tomorrow.
Will you go with us?
can see
You can see the fireworks from my house.
Can you see the fireworks from my house?
10. The music is too loud. SV
Adapted from :https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/simple_sentence_examples/445/
Forms of simple sentences:
-SV subject verb
My dog is asleep.
The ice cream looks delicious.
Vancouver is a nice city.
-SSV subject subject verb
The rivers and trees are beautiful.
Your sister and mother fight all the time.
Peanut butter and bananas go well together.
-SVV subject verb verb
Sara swims and plays volleyball at the community centre.
Friends come and go.
-Imperative – command sentence, tell somebody to do something
(You) Come in. implied subject We don’t say ‘you’, but that’s what we mean.
Be careful, please. Please be careful.
Watch your step, please. Please be careful.
Watch out.
Stay safe.
Shut up!
Get out!
Sit down.
Have a cookie.
Sleep well.
Eat healthy.
Stay cool.
Sit! Stay!
Stay tuned.
Get ready.
-Interrogative- question
What time is it?
Who are you talking to?
What are you doing tomorrow?
Is that your dog?
Would you like to have some tea?
Where is the book?
What’s for dinner today?
EXTRA INSTRUCTION ON SIMPLE SENTENCES:
-https://englishgrammarhere.com/example-sentences/50-examples-of-simple-sentences/
-https://examples.yourdictionary.com/simple-sentence-examples.html
--- COMPOUND SENTENCES
“Compound Sentences Explanation”
“COMPOUND SENTENCES
Sentence styles:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
*SIMPLE SV
It is a little cloudy today. We will go for a walk on the beach. 2 SIMPLES
*COMPOUND – two simple sentences join together into one
It is a little cloudy today. JOIN We will go for a walk on the beach.
MAIN POINT: A compound sentence is to simple sentences joined together.
How do you join them together?
FANBOYS – 7 coordinating conjunctions used for compound sentences
FANBOYS – mnemonic -for and nor but or yet so
FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so mnemonic, 7 coordinating conjunctions
MY OPINION:
, FANBOYS not realistic, not authentic English
In compound sentences: for nor yet rarely used in compound sentences by English speakers
taught in grammar books, but not often used
-for
Maria is carrying her umbrella, for it is going to rain. VERY UNUSUAL, sounds like a grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Maria is going to carry her umbrella because it is going to rain. COMPLEX SENT, ADVERB CLAUSE- will learn next week
, for SUBSTITUTE because
NOTE: ‘for’ is used in prepositional phrases, but not for compound sentences
Mei has a gift for you.
-nor Joan does not like dogs, nor does she like cats. VERY UNUSUAL, NOT AUTHENTIC ENGLISH, like a grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Joan does not like dogs or cats. SIMPLE
Your probably studied ‘neither...nor’. We don’t talk like that.
-yet It is overcast/cloudy today, yet it is still warm. NOT AUTHENTIC, SOUNDS WEIRDLY FORMAL
MORE LIKELY: It is overcast today, but it is still warm. AUTHENTIC
‘yet’ Are you finished yet? NOT COMPOUND
MY FREE ADVICE: Forget about ‘for’, ‘nor’, and ‘yet’ for compound sentences.
***These are the ones we use: so or but and ***
98% of the time: so or but and
New mnemonic: SOBA. so or but and
Forget about FANBOYS.
Some teachers teach , FANBOYS. for and nor but or yet so
for nor yet
Not commonly used
Why learn them if we don’t use them?
Let’s focus on SOBA.
soba – Japanese buckwheat noodles
yakisoba-
Focus on the four coordinating conjunctions that we use all the time:
,SOBA
** FORM FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES:
SV, SOBA SV.
The cat is asleep. The dog is awake. 2 simple sentences
The cat is asleep. JOIN The dog is awake.
Join with , SOBA.
The cat is asleep, and the dog is awake. COMPOUND
The cat is asleep, but the dog is awake. COMPOUND
*NOTE: You need the comma.
I am teaching you the details of punctuation.
COMPARISON OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND
SIMPLE- SVV
Junko loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing.*
* no comma
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
Junko loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing.*
*need a comma
Can you see the difference?
Junko loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE
Junko loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing. COMPOUND
COMMON ERRORS
Junko loves to dance, but doesn’t like to sing. XXX
Junko loves to dance but she doesn’t like to sing XXX
I want you to be able to write a variety of sentence styles.
These details are important.
Hello everyone.
This is the intermediate/advanced sentence writing tutorial, week 4 of 8.
We will get started at 4:45.
You can see all of the class notes on my blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com
Write it down so you will have it: haleyshec.blogspot.com
My email is ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
NOTE: This week is the final week before we take our Winter Break/Xmas Break. Winter Break/Xmas Break will be two weeks. The 5th installment of the sentence writing tutorial will be Tuesday, January 4 at 4:45.
Agenda:
• Continue compound sentences
• Begin Complex sentences- adverb clauses
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Sentence styles:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
*SIMPLE SV
It is a little cloudy today. We will go for a walk on the beach. 2 SIMPLES
*COMPOUND – two simple sentences join together into one
It is a little cloudy today. JOIN We will go for a walk on the beach.
How do you join them together?
FANBOYS – 7 coordinating conjunctions used for compound sentences
FANBOYS – for and nor but or yet so
FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so mnemonic
, FANBOYS not realistic, not authentic English
In compound sentences: for nor yet rarely used in compound sentences by English speakers
taught in grammar books, but not often used
-for
Maria is going to carry her umbrella, for it is going to rain. VERY UNUSUAL, sounds like a grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Maria is going to carry her umbrella because it is going to rain. COMPLEX SENT, ADVERB CLAUSE- will learn next week
-nor Joan does not like dogs, nor does she like cats. VERY UNUSUAL, NOT AUTHENTIC ENGLISH, like a grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Joan does not like dogs or cats. SIMPLE
Your probably studied ‘neither...nor’. We don’t talk like that.
-yet It is overcast/cloudy today, yet it is still warm. NOT AUTHENTIC, SOUNDS WEIRDLY FORMAL
MORE LIKELY: It is overcast today, but it is still warm. AUTHENTIC
‘yet’ Are you finished yet? NOT COMPOUND
MY ADVICE: Forget about ‘for’, ‘nor’, and ‘yet’ for compound sentences.
***These are the ones we use: so or but and ***
Forget about FANBOYS. Use SOBA. so or but and Mnemonic
Let’s focus on SOBA.
Some teachers teach , FANBOYS. for and nor but or yet so
for nor yet Not commonly used
Why learn them if we don’t use them?
Focus on the four coordinating conjunctions that we use all the time:
,SOBA
Easier to remember: yakisoba- Japanese noodles
** FORM FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES:
SV, SOBA SV.
The cat is asleep. The dog is awake. 2 simple sentences
The cat is asleep. JOIN The dog is awake.
Join with , SOBA.
The cat is asleep, and the dog is awake. COMPOUND
The cat is asleep, but the dog is awake. COMPOUND
*NOTE: You need the comma.
I am teaching you the details of punctuation.
COMPARISON OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND
SIMPLE- SVV Junko loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing.*
* no comma
Junko loves to dance, but doesn’t like to sing. XXX
* no comma in simple sentence
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
Junko loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing.*
*need a comma
Can you see the difference?
Junko loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE
Junko loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing. COMPOUND
Example of , SOBA.
REMINDER: SOBA is an alternative to FANBOYS
SOBA , so , or , but , and
, so = give a reason
SV, so SV.
May’s son lives in Boston, so she is eager to visit him.
Jin really wants a new violin, so she is saving up her money to buy one.
, or = have a choice, alternative
SV, or SV.
You can work late tonight, or you can stay late tomorrow.
Sarah will go dancing tomorrow night, or she will stay home.
COMMON ERROR
You can have a tea, or a coffee. XXX
You can have a tea or a coffee. SIMPLE
You can have a tea, or you have a coffee. COMPOUND
Always a good idea: find your SV
You can have a tea, or a coffee. SV SIMPLE
You can have a tea or a coffee.
You can have a tea, or SV a coffee. COMPOUND
You can have a tea, or you can have a coffee.
TWO DIFFERENT WAYS TO GIVE THE SAME INFORMATION:
You can have a tea or a coffee. SIMPLE
You can have a tea, or you can have a coffee. COMPOUND
Which way do you like more?
My advice is to mix it up. Write a nice variety of sentence styles.
, but = shows difference
Ling loves to go hiking, but she doesn’t like cycling.
I like to visit the US, but I would not want to live there.
, and = add something
I can get the cake, and you get the plates.
Sarah plays volleyball, and Maria plays soccer.
STARTING A SENTENCE WITH SOBA
Ling likes to go hiking. But she doesn’t like cycling. VERY CASUAL, NOT GREAT FOR SCHOOL, BUSINESS
MY ADVICE FOR A NICE HIGH LEVEL OF WRITING:
Ling likes to go hiking, but she doesn’t like cycling. COMPOUND
Ling likes to go hiking; however, she doesn’t like cycling. COMPOUND
Ling likes to go hiking. However, she doesn’t like cycling. 2 SIMPLES
You can choose your level of formality.
‘choose’ – means you know what you’re doing, and can decide what you want to do
FOR HOMEWORK
“Compound Sentence Exercises”
Try a few. Email them to me by Sunday 3pm. Use SOBA.
1. David likes to swim. He hates to hike.
David likes to swim, but he hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim but hates to hike. SIMPLE
2. John likes video games. John likes reading.
3. Stephen must study. Stephen will not pass the test.
4. Jill should show up on time. Jill will not be able to enter.
5. Susie loves to read books. Susie loves to do her homework.
6. Irene likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.
7. Michael likes basketball. Stephen likes basketball..
8. Make sure to get to the airport two hours before your plane is due to leave. You will miss your flight.
9. The dangers of smoking are well known. Many people
continue to smoke anyway.
10. It's important to put your goals in writing. You must also be committed to achieving them.
Continue with compound sentences:
STEP 1
SV, SOBA SV.
STEP 2
SV; SV.
Now, we will go into a deeper level of compound sentences.
We already know about , SOBA
The next step is this ; semicolon
: colon
; semicolon semi-half
quarterfinal- 8 teams left
semifinal- 4 teams left
final- 2 teams left
We use semicolons in compound sentences.
Higher level- fancier, prestige writing, polished, looks great
Well worth learning!
Sometimes people are nervous or uncertain about semicolons.
They aren’t that bad.
Use ; instead of , SOBA
Replace it just like a Lego block.
,but = ;
David likes to swim, but he hates to hike. *jeans and a t-shirt*
David likes to swim; he hates to hike. -looks high level *nice suit*
THIRD STEP- We’ll get there!
David likes to swim; however, he hates to hike
John likes video games, and he likes reading.
John likes video games; he likes reading.
THIRD STEP- We’ll get there!
John likes video games; also, he likes reading.
6 ways to write the same thing:
Susie loves to read books. Susie loves to do her homework. 2 SIMP
Susie loves to read books and loves to do her homework. SIMP
Susie loves to read books and do her homework. SIMP – LESS REP
Susie loves to read books, and she loves to do her homework. COMP
*Susie loves to read books; she loves to do her homework. COMP
* This is not as common, not as clear. It is an option.
Susie loves to read books; also, she loves to do her homework. COMP
Susan is driving a car and listening to music. SIMPLE- more natural sounding
Susan is driving a car and is listening to music. REP
6 ways to write the same thing:
Irene likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.
Irene likes to draw, and Rita likes to draw.
Irene likes to draw; Rita likes to draw.
Irene and Rita like to draw.
Both Irene and Rita both like to draw. Choose one both
Irene likes to draw; also, Rita likes to draw.
VERY NATURAL-SOUNDING – DON’T STRESS ABOUT IT
Irene likes to draw, and also Rita likes to draw.
If you can say the same thing in six different ways, you are ready for anything.
, and OR ;
comma goes with SOBA
, so , or , but , and
semicolons- -not used all the time, look really good
COMPOUND SENTENCES- REVIEW
STEP 1
SV, SOBA SV.
STEP 2
SV; SV.
STEP 3
TRANSITIONAL WORDS – usually used with semicolons
e.g. however therefore as well also nevertheless meanwhile
Transitional words are powerful! They will change how you express your ideas.
Transitional words will really make your writing precise. You will be able to say exactly what you want to say.
SOBA – four choices
TRANSITIONAL WORDS- dozen and dozens of choices
I will give about 40 to read over and start to learn.
John likes video games and reading. SIMPLE
John likes video games, and he likes reading. COMPOUND
John likes video games; he likes reading. COMPOUND neutral meaning
John likes video games; also, he likes reading. COMPOUND
John likes video games; he likes reading also. OK COMPOUND- HIGHER LEVEL- IGNORE THIS FOR NOW
,so – give a reason
It is rainy today. I didn’t bring my bike. 2 SIMPLES
It is rainy today, so I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
It is rainy today; I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND neutral
It is rainy today; therefore, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
It is rainy today; accordingly, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
Sarah loves to play sports; for example, she plays volleyball, badminton, football and tennis.
Sarah loves to play sports; for instance, she plays volleyball, badminton, football and tennis. Sounds good!
Sarah loves to play sports; as an example, she enjoys volleyball.
Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; Seon grew up on a farm in rural Korea.
Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; similarly, Seon grew up on a farm in rural Korea.
Dave works as an electrical engineer; similarly, Hakim is an electrician.
David likes to swim but hates to hike.
David likes to swim, but he hates to hike.
David likes to swim; he hates to hike. neutral meaning
David likes to swim; however, he hates to hike.
HIGHER LEVEL
On one hand, David likes to swim; on the other hand, he hates to hike.
on the other hand – compare two things
Joe is a really weird dude; on the other hand, he is a ton of fun to hang out with.
Vancouver is a beautiful city to live in; on the other hand, housing is incredibly expensive.
Sheri likes the iPhone 13; on the other hand, the Galaxy 9 is pretty nice, too.
, too decoration, embellishment, icing on the cake
** We will pick this up Monday. **
A Process Paragraph Teaches.
A process paragraph explains to your reader how to do something, how to make something, or how something works. A process paragraph walks your reader through a step-by-step process.
When you write a process paragraph, you are writing as a teacher. To teach well, you must speak to the student at a level that is appropriate- neither too high nor too low. Also, you must explain each step of the process clearly but succinctly, 150-200 words. For this, you need vocabulary!
This is how you do it:
A.PREWRITING Plan. Organize your thoughts.
1. Break down the process into 4-5 steps.
2. Brainstorm action words (verbs) and specific vocabulary to describe the steps in detail.
3. Outline the points chronologically (in time).
B. WRITING Write sentences. Write your paragraph.
1. Introduce the topic in a clear TOPIC SENTENCE.
2. Write a sentence or two for each of the steps.
3. End with an optional concluding sentence.
Here is a plan for the topic “How to Fry an Egg”:
1. preheat the pan with butter or oil
2. crack egg into the pan
3. put the spatula under the edges of the egg when the edges get crispy, get the butter or oil underneath
4. when the spatula can go completely under the egg, flip it gently
5. do the same thing again for the other side
6. serve and enjoy
WRITING SENTENCES
TOPIC SENTENCE Frying an egg is very easy if you follow these steps. First, preheat the pan with butter until the butter is melted and crackling. If it smokes, there is too much heat. Then, break the egg into the hot pan. Some people can do this with one hand, but most people use both hands.
BLAH BLAH BLAH
CONCLUDING SENTENCE After the egg is fried perfectly, you can put it on a plate and serve and enjoy your delicious breakfast.
(150-200 words)
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