Good morning.
We will get started at 8:30.
Where the light is brightest, the shadows are deepest. -Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Today’s Agenda:
• Return quiz and paragraph
• Go over quiz
• Review paragraph form and structure
Grabbers
• Discuss goalmaking and scheduling
• Begin complex sentence- adverb clauses
• HW Read “Dead Man’s Path” for Monday. Make notes for
discussion
Friday
• Continue adverb clauses
• Begin “I Confess”
• Review paragraph form and structure
Quoting text “ “
• Test#2 Paragraph on “What Happened During the Ice Storm”
• HW Read “Dead Man’s Path” for Monday. Make notes for
discussion
Monday
• Quiz#4 adverb clauses
• Begin “Dead Man’s Path”
Quiz#3 compound sentence
Submit to me by 9:05.
1. so vegetarian
My friend is a vegetarian, so she does not eat meat.
My best friend, Jenny, is a vegetarian, so she does not eat any meat products of any kind.
2. however freezing
It is freezing outside; however, your son is wearing shorts and a t-shirt.
It is freezing cold outside; however, your teenage son, Jason, is wearing only shorts and a t-shirt.
APPOSITIVE:
My friend is a vegetarian.
My friend whose name is Jenny is a vegetarian. adjective clause
My friend, Jenny, is a vegetarian. appositive, an appositive
Jenny, my friend, is a vegetarian.
Your brother, Minh, loves to play video games.
Our school, South Hill, provides secondary courses for adults.
The famous actor, Tom Cruise, plays the main character in Top Gun.
3. in addition splinter
4. therefore blurry
5. in other words helpless
6. generally yell
THINGS TO KEEP AN EYE ON
-PUNC
, SOBA
; however,
-VT= verb tense- present, past, future
-VF= verb form- I putted my keys on the table.
I was put my keys on the table.
Janice working at a clothing store.
FIXES is working / was working / works
Check it all carefully. Ideally, you can/should get another pair of eyes on it. A friend can see things that you might miss.
GOOD GUIDELINE FOR WRITING NUMBERS:
*1-9- write it out one two three
“Maris has 2 dogs.” XXX Doesn’t look as good.
“Maris has two dogs.”
*10 and above – use a numeral 10 12 27
“Dave is 28 years old.”
When you writing a paragraph or essay
Grabbers/Hooks
- grabs the reader’s attention, hooks your reader
-optional attention-getting device for writing
-makes them pay attention, makes them want to read your writing
MY ADVICE: Use a grabber. It will make your writing way more interesting.
- for paragraphs, for essays
Seven different kinds of grabbers:
1. -general to specific statement, funnel
-say something big and general, then narrow it down to specific topic
funnel
\ /
||
Everybody wants to have success in their lives. Everybody wants to achieve their goals. Using goalsetting techniques can help us to accomplish the objectives we want to accomplish.
2. -short anecdote- short personal story, very short (1-2 short sentences)
personalizes the writing, establishes a connection to your reader, first person
When I was younger, I always had trouble realizing the goals that I dreamed about for myself. But then I learned about Goalsetting. This changed everything for me! Now, I will teach you.
3. -historical reference
Throughout history, woman have usually been in less powerful positions than men.
4. -fact or statistic
80%, four out of five, 2/3 of ..., 37,000,000 people...
People who set formal goals for themselves have 65% higher chance of achieving their goals than people who do not.
5. -ask a question (answered by thesis statement)
How do you keep yourself on track? What steps do you take when you want to achieve something new in your life?
6. -relevant quotation by a famous person
Jordan Peterson says, “Make a plan. A plan is not a prison. It is a guide.”
Barack Obama once said, “Blah blah blah.”
My mother said, “Blah blah blah.”
Buddha said, “Life is suffering. We must have empathy for all living creatures.”
PRO TIP: Books of quotations.- Have some quotations in your memory. It is very helpful to reference when you are writing.
7. -relevant idiom from any language, proverb, saying
-don’t translate well, have a lot of meaning
In Chinese, we say that a good job is like a ‘golden rice bowl.’
In Persian, we say...
There is a saying in Japanese: ‘Even monkeys fall from trees.’ It means everyone makes mistakes. It’s important to keep going after you did something wrong.
REVIEW of ways to do grabbers/hooks:
1. funnel
2. anecdote
3. historical
4. fact/statistic
5. question
6. quotation
7. idiom/saying
Choose one. It will make your paragraph or essay lively and engaging.
MY ADVICE: Write the grabber last. You can mull it over as you are writing the rough draft. A good grabber might jump out at you. If not, if you can’t think of anything for a grabber, just ask a question. The question is the easiest way to do a grabber.
IDIOM mull it over = think it over I mulled it over all night and made a decision in the morning.
Write a grabber for the paragraph Test#1.
Feel free to email it to me if you like.
e.g.
Vietnamese people say, “Don’t leave today’s work for tomorrow.” This means that we should not procrastinate or put off your work. Setting goals is a great way to keep yourself on track.
Complex sentences- adverb clauses
Complex sentences- Adverb clauses
REVIEW OF SENTENCE STYLES
*SIMPLE – 1 main/independent clause
SV SSV SVV SSVV Imperative Interrogative
*COMPOUND , SOBA ; ; TRANS,
2 main clauses/independent clauses joined together
1. FANBOYS SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
*COMPLEX - 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause
- adverb clauses
- noun clauses
- adjective clauses
COMPLEX SENTENCES= simple sentence + subordinate clause
main clause + subordinate clause
COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES
- because when if (most commonly used)
Two ways to make a sentence with an adverb clause
because – reason
Jun is happy today. Her son is visiting her. Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.
Turn one of the main clauses into a subordinate adverb clause.
1. main clause + adverb clause
Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.
NOTE: no comma before because, small detail
2. adverb clause, + main clause
Because Jun’s son is visiting her, she is happy today.
NOTE: use a comma
Either way is good. It is your choice.
GOOD GUIDELINE TO FOLLOW Comma or no comma.
The cat is asleep because it is tired.
Because the cat is tired, it is asleep.
** OLD-FASHIONED RULE- Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.
It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.
Because it’s snowy today, some people are a little late. OK, my opinion
Some people are a little late today because it’s snowy. Alternative
Either way is fine. It’s your choice.
Some people are a little late, because it’s snowy. NOT THE BEST STYLE ,
ADVICE: Don’t put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice.
Stylistic choice, writing style
MY FREE ADVICE- Be consistent.
Some people are a little late today. Because it’s snowy. XXX frag
Because I want to become a doctor. XXX sentence fragment
I am going to school. Because I want to become a doctor. XXX
FIX
I am going to school because I want to become a doctor.
Because I want to become a doctor, I am going to school.
MAIN THING ABOUT COMMAS:
The baby is crying because she is tired. NO COMMA
Because the baby is tired, she is crying. COMMA
Good style. Works everywhere- school , job, writing
MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE)
ADVERB CLAUSE
MAIN CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE
Do it like that. Everything will be ok.
* when - time
1. main clause + adverb clause
My dog gets up when I get up. no comma
2. adverb clause, + main clause
When I get up, my dog gets up. comma
Call your sister when you get home.
When you get home, call your sister.
IMPERATIVE Call your sister.
IMPERATIVE (command) Close the window if you feel cold.
If you feel a chill, close the window.
SAME MEANING- your choice, try it both ways
When Harim got up this morning, she was surprised to see snow on the ground.
Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground when she got up this morning.
when – same time, pretty much the same time
after, before – not the same time
Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground after she got up this morning.
Joan met Steve when she came to Vancouver.
Joan met Steve after she came to Vancouver.
We had to quarantine for 14 days when we came to Canada.
I felt homesick after I moved to BC.
when – one time, once
whenever- everytime, happens many times
Whenever Butter has to pee, he rings a bell on the door.
My neighbour’s dog escapes whenever they let it out in the backyard.
Whenever it rains, I use an umbrella.
I use an umbrella whenever it rains.
I use an umbrella when it rains. OK
When she goes to China, she brings maple syrup for her friends.
Whenever she goes to China, she brings maple syrup for her friends.
SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN MEANING, NUANCED
*if- maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know
1. main clause + adverb clause
Maria should start saving her money if she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma
2. adverb clause, + main clause
If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. comma
If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress. She should start saving her money. sentence fragment, frag
FIXES
If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money.
SENTENCE VARIETY
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress. She should start saving her money. TWO SIMPLES
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, so she should start saving her money. COMPOUND
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress; therefore, she should start saving her money. COMPOUND
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress; because of that, she should start saving her money. COMPOUND
‘because’ many uses
because of that = therefore
Because Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
COMMON ERROR
Because Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, so she should start saving her money. because so – don’t go together, choose one
FIX
Because Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. COMPLEX
Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, so she should start saving her money. COMPOUND
No capital letter after a ; Only one sentence
Capital letter after a period, exclamation point, question mark.
She loves dogs. She wants to get one.
She loves dogs. Therefore, she wants to get one.
She loves dogs; therefore, she wants to get one.
She loves dogs, so she wants to get one.
SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX
Call me if you want to go for a hike.
If there is heavy snow, listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.
Listen to the radio. imperative (simple sentence)
***
**
Model for adverb clauses:
Main clause adverb clause.
Adverb clause, main clause.
**
***
**** YOUR CHOICE. You should be able to do it both ways. GOAL! ****
* ‘if’ – past, present, future
My sister would play with her dolls if she was bored.
Let’s grab some coffee if you are free now.
I will grab some milk on the way home.
IDIOM grab but
I will call you if I need a lift to the airport.
Let’s grab some lunch. – casual fast lunch
Grab your coat and hat. Let’s go.
EXAMPLES:
You should call your sister if you want a ride from the airport.
If you want a ride from the airport, you should call your sister.
You should call your sister, if you want a ride from the airport. XXX punc
-small error, does not impede understanding, still not right
IMPERATIVE: Call your sister.
Call your sister if you want to get a ride.
If you want to get a ride, call your sister.
COMPOUND
2 independent clauses put together
COMPLEX
1 independent clause and 1 dependent clause put together
COMPOUND
We are going camping this weekend, so we have to pack our gear.
COMPLEX
We have to pack our gear because we are going camping this weekend.
Because we are going camping this weekend, we have to pack our gear.
Same information- different sentence styles- compound and complex
GOOD WORDS FOR ADVERB CLAUSES
* Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)
Learning these will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.
** When you learn these 25, you will be a star in your English class!
time- after, before, since, ever since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if, even if, provided that, unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so that,
OTHERS: only if, if only
*after- time
The kids did their homework after supper. prepositional phrase SIMPLE
The kids did their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX- ADVERB CL
The kids did their homework after they finished/had/ate supper. no comma
After the kids finished supper, they did their homework. comma
This is an important difference!
The kids did their homework after supper. SIMPLE
The kids did their homework after they finished supper. COMPLEX
After they finished supper, the kids did their homework. COMPLEX
After the kids finished supper, they did their homework. COMPLEX BETTER
After she called, … Who is she?
After Mary called, … BETTER
The kids finished supper, and they did their homework. COMPOUND
Writing a variety of sentence styles.
Choice!! Variety!!
Keeping your writing fresh and interesting.
* before- Call me before you leave. complex- adverb clause
Call me before 8pm. Simple
Let the puppy out before he pees on the floor. COMPLEX- ADV CL
Before the puppy pees on the floor, let her/it out. Does it sound good? Does it sound natural and authentic? Grammar is ok, but it doesn’t sound authentic. It sounds it a little unnatural and weird.
I don’t know how to teach that. That’s your job to become more familiar with authentic English.
Authentic- real life, actual usage, recognizable
Mei cooks authentic Xian noodles.
• since – two meanings: time, reason, because
since-time
Mrs Mok has lived in Canada since 1998. SIMPLE
Mrs Mok has lived in Canada since SV 1998. COMPLEX SV
Mrs Mok has lived in Canada since she moved/arrived/came/immigrated here from Vietnam in 1983. COMPLEX- ADV CL
* NOTE: simple past instead past perfect
Past perfect is not commonly used by native English speakers.
May has lived in Canada since she had moved here from Vietnam in 1998.
May has lived in Canada since she moved here from Vietnam in 1998.
-since – reason, same as ‘because’
Joe is a little frustrated right now because the internet keeps dropping out.
Joe is a little frustrated right now since the internet keeps dropping out.
Because the internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated right now.
Since the internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated.
because/since – Your choice. Mix it up! Variety is a strength in writing.
Don’t be like Barack Obama. – same suit everyday
because of + noun/ noun clause
SIMPLE
Joe is a little frustrated right now because of the internet.
Joe is a little frustrated right now because of problems with the internet.
Joe is a little frustrated right now because of internet problems.
due to + noun
Joe is a little frustrated right now due to the internet.
Joe is a little frustrated right now due to the internet.
Joe is a little frustrated right now due to problems with the internet.
Joe is a little frustrated right now due to internet problems
I am a little frustrated right now due to the internet dropping out.
because SV
because of NOUN
due to NOUN
according to + SOURCE OF INFORMATION
According to CNN, Trump may run again in 2024.
I am very confusing person to live with according to my wife.
You are a very difficult person to be around because you are all over the place.
SIMPLE
‘dropping’- noun, gerund
*until – time (waiting)
I will wait until you finish.
Until you finish, I will wait. Don’t sound natural. Sounds like poetry. Good for a poem or a song, or a love letter. Use your ear. Does it sound good?
We were was waiting for you until 10 pm. SIMPLE
I was waiting for you until I fell asleep. COMPLEX- ADV CL
You were waiting until your sister called you. COMPLEX
Srah will keep learning English until she is fluent. COMPLEX
fluent(adj)- expert, authentic, natural-sounding
Junko isn’t fluent in English, but she can get by.
NOTE: until – good for writing
- til – very casual, good for talking not for school writing
Same as ‘because’ - for writing ‘cause’- very casual talking, not for school writing
til- casual, for spoken, not for writing
cause, cuz- casual, for spoken, not for writing, no good for school
gonna XXX
going to
until and because – good for school wriitng, business writing, important writing
• when/while
when – one time occurrence, individual occurrence
while – two actions happening at the same time
occurrence(n) occur(v)- happening, happen
You were working while your family was sleeping.
While you are in school, your kids are in daycare.
Students were using their cell phones while the teacher was teaching.
STRANGE Maria was washing the dishes while the phone rang.
phone rang *
¬¬¬¬washing _______________________________
Maria was washing the dishes while the phone was ringing. UNLIKELY
Sarah was washing the dishes when the phone rang. MORE LIKELY
one moment in time
while –
Sarah was washing the dishes while Joe was watching TV.
Maria was washing the dishes while her husband was sweeping the floor. MORE LIKELY OCCURRENCE
sweeping *******************************************
washing ___________________________________________
I can’t talk to you while I am driving. I will call you back when I park my car.
My daughter was reading while I was playing guitar.
*while – comparison, show difference
I get up early while you get up late.
Mei is very short while Doris is very tall.
Vancouver is cold and rainy while Mexico City is hot and dry. COMPLEX ADV CL
Vancouver is cold and rainy, but Mexico City is hot and dry. COMPOUND
Vancouver is cold and rainy; however, Mexico City is hot and dry.
COMPOUND
Her daughter loves school while her son is really not into it.
‘into it’ ‘into something’ – enjoy it, your thing, your hobby, your passion
Nasrin is really into outdoor activities.
I’m not into it. It’s not my thing.
TRUE FACT: It is difficult to differentiate between these right now. That will come with practice. It will take some time and practice.
PRO TIP
‘while’ fits well with continuous/progressive tenses ‘ing’
Her dog stares at her while she is eating supper.
Her sister scrolls through her phone while she is watching Netflix.
She found a scroll in a bottle floating in the ocean. It was a message in a bottle.
***while + progressive tense Go together really well.
She likes to listen to music while she is driving.
NEW IDIOM ‘doom scrolling’- scrolling on your phone for a long time out of boredom, wasting time
Julie winds up doom scrolling before she falls asleep every night.
doom scrolling – surfing the internet, usually on your phone, without direction
IDIOM wind up- the end result, didn’t plan it
Jun lived in many countries but wound up in Canada.
Alex wanted to be a writer, but he wound up teaching English.
stroll(v) – walk casually, slowly, without direction
stroller- baby carriage
He sings while he is driving. COMPLEX
He sings while driving. SIMPLE driving- gerund
I read while listening to music.
I read while I listen to music.
What’s the main activity?
I listen to music while I am reading. Reading
I drive while I am listening to the news.
I listen to the news while I’m driving. ‘driving’ is the main activity
I am listening to the news while I’m diriving- present progressive- right now
I listen to the news while I’m diriving- simple present- usually, habit
The music is beautiful while sad. sounds like grammar book
The music is beautiful but sad. sounds more authentic SIMPLE
The music is beautiful, but it is sad. COMPOUND
* since/ever since
since – time
ever since – feels like a long time
Marie has been waiting for the bus since 11:40. (less than five minutes) SIMPLE
Marie has been waiting for the bus ever since 11:00. (more than 40 minutes) SIMPLE
ever since – feels like a long time, your emotion, your feeling
I’ve been trying to get a job ever since October.
I’ve been trying to get a job since October.
Mui has been living in Vancouver since she came to Canada. COMPLEX
Mui has been living in Vancouver ever since she came to Canada in 1975. COMPLEX -adverb clause
SUBTLE DIFFERENCES- They help us to express our thoughts precisely.
We have been friends since we were nine years old. OK
We have been BFFs ever since we were nine years old. BETTER
BFF – best friends forever, IDIOM
We will be BFFs even when we are old and grey.
Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1990. simple
Maria has lived in Canada ever since she moved from Indonesia in 1990. complex- adverb clause
Maria has lived in Canada since 2018. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1978. long time SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in Canada since she moved from Japan in 2018. COMPLEX SENTENCE adverb clause
Maria has lived in Canada ever since she moved from Japan in 1988. long time
We have been in class since 8:30. doesn’t feel like a long time
We have been waiting for the bus ever since 8:30. feels like a long time
since/ ever since – depends on your feeling, express your underlying emotion about a situation
MODELS using ‘since’ in simple sentences:
I came to Canada since 2019. XXX
I came to Canada in 2019. SIMPLE
I have lived in Canada since 2019. SIMPLE
I have been in Canada for two years. SIMPLE
I lived in Canada since 2019. Not the best verb choice.
I have lived in Canada since 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April, 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April 24th, 2019.
*whenever -every time, happens over and over
Whenever her dog is left alone, he tips over the garbage and makes a mess.
Her dog tips over the garbage and makes a mess whenever he is left alone.
Emiko feels homesick whenever she looks at her photo album of family pictures.
Whenever Emiko looks at her photo album of family pictures, she feels homesick.
Whenever he drinks water, he spills it all over himself like a kid.
No comments:
Post a Comment