Good morning, everyone.
We’ll get started at 12:00
Today’s agenda:
·
Review of simple sentences
Continue sentence work- begin compound
sentences
·
Begin paragraph work – “Structure of a Paragraph
Golden Week Example”
·
Talk about “Criteria”
Read over the “Criteria”. Choose two to
focus on.
·
Quiz this week Thursday/Friday either on simple
or compound sentences
Wednesday
·
Continue work on paragraphs- topic sentences
Pass-in paragraph soon, maybe Thursday
Thursday
Friday
Sentence styles:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
*SIMPLE
SV SSV SVV
SSVV Imperative (command) Question
(interrogative)
SIMPLE SENTENCES
It is
overcast today. We will go for a
walk on the beach. 2 SIMPLE SENTENCES
VOCAB overcast(adj)- cloudy
*COMPOUND – two simple sentences, join then together
into one
It is
sunny today. JOIN We will go for a
walk on the beach.
How do you join them together?
FANBOYS – 7 coordinating conjunctions used
for compound sentences
FANBOYS – for and nor but or yet so
FANBOYS for and nor but or
yet so mnemonic, memory
device
TRUTH
, FANBOYS not realistic, not that useful, not authentic English
In compound sentences: for nor yet
rarely used in compound sentences by English speakers
-taught in grammar books, but not often used
-for
Maria is going to carry her umbrella, for it
is going to rain. VERY UNUSUAL, sounds like a grammar book, doesn’t sound like
a real English speaker
MORE LIKELY: Maria is going to carry her
umbrella because it is going to rain. COMPLEX SENT, ADVERB CLAUSE- will learn
next week
because/since/as
-nor
Joan does not like dogs, nor does she like cats. VERY UNUSUAL, NOT AUTHENTIC ENGLISH, like a
grammar book
MORE LIKELY: Joan does not like dogs or cats.
SIMPLE
You probably studied ‘neither...nor’. We
don’t talk like that.
“either … or” – occasionally , not often
You can either get a new video game or a new
pair of sneakers for your birthday.
-yet
It is cloudy today, yet it is still warm. NOT AUTHENTIC, SOUNDS WEIRDLY
FORMAL
MORE LIKELY: It is overcast today, but it is
still warm. AUTHENTIC
‘yet’ Are you finished yet? Have you had your
supper, yet?
NOT A COMPOUND SENTENCE, SIMPLE SENTENCE
I didn’t do it yet.
SV , yet SV. XXX
MY ADVICE: Forget about ‘for’, ‘nor’, and
‘yet’ for compound sentences.
FANBOYS
SOBA
Forget about FANBOYS. Use SOBA. so
or but and New mnemonic
***These are the ones we use: so or but
and ***
** When you think about compound sentences,
think about a delicious plate of yakisoba.**
Let’s focus on SOBA.
Some
teachers teach , FANBOYS. for and nor but or yet so
for
nor yet Not commonly used
Why
learn them if we don’t use them?
Focus
on the four coordinating conjunctions that we use all the time:
, SOBA , so
, or , but , and
Easier
to remember: soba noodles- buckwheat noodles
yakisoba-
Japanese noodles
EXAMPLE:
It
is overcast today. We will go for a walk on the beach.
Join them together using SOBA.
It is
overcast today, SOBA we will go for
a walk on the beach.
It is
overcast today, so we will go for a
walk on the beach. Strange meaning-
maybe you don’t like the sun
It is
overcast today, or we will go for a
walk on the beach. XXX
We will
go shopping today, or we will go
for a walk on the beach.
It is
overcast today, SOBA we will go for
a walk on the beach.
It is
overcast today, but we will go for
a walk on the beach.
It is
overcast today, but we will still go for a walk on the beach.
still- adverb
She still lives at her old house.
It is
overcast today, and we will go for
a walk on the beach.
YOUR CHOICE: SOBA
** FORM FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES:
SV,
SOBA SV.
The
cat is asleep. The dog is awake. 2 simple sentences
The
cat is asleep. JOIN The dog is awake.
Join
with , SOBA.
The cat
is asleep, and the dog is awake. COMPOUND
The cat
is asleep, but the dog is awake. COMPOUND
*NOTE:
You need the comma.
I will
teach you the details of punctuation.
Using
SOBA will change your meaning/intention. so or but and
He
said yes, and she said no.
He
said yes, but she said no. -showing difference, contrast maybe conflict
He
said yes, so she said no. -suggest conflict, disagreement, ongoing issues
Dogs
are social animals, so they like being in groups. – cause and effect
When
do I use a comma?
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN SIMPLE AND COMPOUND
Mei
loves dark chocolate but hates white chocolate. SIMPLE SVV
Mei
loves dark chocolate, but she hates white chocolate. COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
SIMPLE-
Mei
loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing.
SVV Mei loves to dance but doesn’t like
to sing.*
* no
comma
Mei
loves to dance, but doesn’t like to sing. XXX
* no
comma in simple sentence
COMPOUND
Mei
loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing.
Mei
loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing.*
*need
a comma
Can
you see the difference?
Mei
loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE
Mei
loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing. COMPOUND
Mei
loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE
Mei
loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing. COMPOUND
Mike and John are heading to the school and chatting with each
other. SIMPLE SSVV
Mike and John are heading to the school, and they
are chatting with each COMPOUND SSV, and SV.
SOURCE OF CONFUSION
USING COMMAS IN A LIST
The little kid likes dogs, cats, fish and turtles. SIMPLE
Commas with a list:
The little kid likes dogs, cats, fish and turtles.
The little kid likes dogs, cats, fish, and turtles. the Oxford Comma- a little bit
old-fashioned
The little kid likes dogs, cats, fish and turtles; she also loves birds, snakes
and octopusses.
Your choice:
She lived in Canada, Japan and Chad.
She lived in Canada, Japan, and Chad.
Let’s try some exercises.
STEP 1 for compound sentences:
SIMPLE SVV
I like dark chocolate but hate white
chocolate.
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV
I love dark chocolate, but I hate white
chocolate.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Example of , SOBA.
REMINDER: SOBA is an alternative to FANBOYS
SOBA
, so , or , but
, and
* ,
so = give a reason
SV, so SV.
Misha’s son lives in Boston, so he is
eager to visit him.
Janet really wants a new violin, so she is
saving up her money to buy one.
* ,
or = have a choice
SV, or SV.
You can
work late tonight, or you can stay
late tomorrow.
Sarah will
go dancing tomorrow night, or she will
stay home with her cat.
MY ADVICE TO MY CHILDREN: You can work hard
when you’re young, or you can work hard when you’re old.
* , but = shows difference, contrast
Ling loves
to go hiking, but she doesn’t like
cycling. SV, but SV.
I like
to visit the US, but I would not want
to live there.
‘the states’ ‘the US’ ‘America’
Her uncle lives in the states.
New York City- “the Big Apple”
Chicago- “the Windy City”
Vancouver- “Lotusland” “Raincouver”
* , and = add something
I can
get the cake, and you get the
plates.
Sarah plays volleyball, and Maria plays soccer.
Examples of
compound sentences:
1. Joe
went to the store, and he bought some milk/groceries.
Joe
went to the store, but the store was closed.
Joe
went to the store, but he found it closed.
Joe
went to the store, so he got the chocolate.
IDIOM: give your
opinion- ‘find’
I find it warm in here. In my opinion, the
room is too warm.
Shira found the curry spicy.
Ni finds the people in Vancouver very nice.
Try a few.
SV, SOBA SV.
5. The pizza smells
delicious, so I buy some. WEIRD
The pizza smells
delicious, so I bought some. Vt OK
The pizza smells
delicious, so I will buy some/a slice/a piece.
The pizza smells
delicious, so I will buy a large.
The pizza smells
delicious, but I won’t buy any.
The pizza smells
delicious, and it looks appetizing.
appetite- your
desire to eat
appetizer- a small snack
to get your appetite going
She has a big
appetite.
He lost his
appetite after watching your brother eat.
He lost his
appetite when he got Covid.
She has a huge
appetite for music.
Canadians have a
big appetite for hockey.
drag
IDIOM drag(n)-
disappointment(n)
My phone broke.
What a drag!
I have to work
every night this week. It’s kind of a drag.
drag(v) pull
something that is not easy to pull I
dragged my kids to the museum.
computer “drag and
drop”
dress in drag- men
dressing up like women, women dressing up like men
COMPOUND SENTENCES
STEP 1 SV, SOBA SV.
STEP 2 ;
semicolons
; semi-half colon :
DIFFERENT FROM A COLON:
: colon
; semicomma XXX
semicolon
semi- half
COLON : go on to give
details
e.g.
Mei has two kids: a boy and a girl.
Shira is taking three classes: Chem101, Eng202 and Math204.
Junko has traveled to many countries: Japan, China, Korea,
and Malaysia.
You have two dogs: a schnauzer and a beagle.
; semicolon
Mei likes chocolate. Dave likes ice cream. TWO SIMPLES
Mei likes chocolate, and Dave likes ice cream.
COMPOUND , SOBA
Mei likes chocolate; Dave likes ice cream. COMPOUND ;
, so REPLACE ;
, or REPLACE ;
, but REPLACE ;
, and REPLACE ;
e.g. My bike is 15 years old, so I want to get a new one.
My bike is 15 years old; I want to get a new one.
Jun’s bike is 15 years old; he wants to get a new one. ‘he’
no cap
Jun’s bike is 15 years old. He wants to get a new one. 2
simp with cap
Learning how to write these will really help. You will feel
confident.
STEP 3 ; TRANSITIONAL TERMS
Mei likes reading; Dave likes hiking.
Mei likes reading; however, Dave likes hiking.
COMPOUND ; TRANS,
however
therefore also nevertheless alternatively besides
meanwhile in addition indeed
in fact in short in conclusion
for example consequently
OPTIONS/SUBSTITUTIONS
1.
, but
2.
;
3.
; however,
SO FAR- DIFFERENT SENTENCE STYLES:
It is cloudy. It isn’t raining. 2 SIMPLES
It is cloudy, but it isn’t raining. 1 COMPOUND
It is cloudy; it isn’t raining. 1 COMPOUND
It is cloudy; however, it isn’t raining. 1 COMPOUND
Compound Sentences Using SOBA
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following pairs
of simple sentences as compound sentences using SOBA.
1.
She loves to read
books, and she also enjoys writing stories.
2.
The weather was
rainy, so we decided to stay indoors.
3.
I want to go to the
beach, but I don't have enough time.
4.
He studied all
night, and / so he passed the exam with flying colors.
IDIOM pass
with flying colours – get a great mark on a test or course
opposite
meaning- He barely scraped by. He passed by the skin of his teeth.
5.
Sarah went to the
grocery store and she bought some milk and bread.
6.
Tom likes to swim.
He doesn't like to dive.
7.
I have a test
tomorrow. I need to study tonight.
8.
The concert was
canceled. It was raining heavily.
It was raining
heavily, so the concert was canceled.
SOBA -very limited, change the order to
make SOBA work
9.
She wants to travel
to Europe, but / so she needs to save more money.
10.
He loves playing
basketball, but he doesn't enjoy watching it.
Exercise 2
Add an independent clause with proper punctuation to create a
compound sentence for each.
1.
The cat ran away.
2.
I love ice cream.
3.
She studied hard for the test.
4.
The movie was long.
5.
He likes to play soccer.
6.
The ice-covered trees were beautiful.
7.
The boys went out to harvest the pheasant.
8.
The pheasants were completely helpless.
9.
He worked late last night.
10.
The concert was amazing.
*We’ll continue tomorrow*
Paragraph work
“Structure of a Paragraph: Golden Week example”
Paragraph – collection of sentences on
one topic (approx. 4 minimum, often 7,8,10)
-EF6, EF7/Eng 10, Eng 11,
Eng 12 about 150-250 words
Grade 12 Provincial
Exams-
“In paragraph form
and in at least 150 words, answer question 1...”
-150-250 ww- the Goldilocks
Zone- not too long, not too short
IDIOM the Goldilocks Zone, a happy medium, a good
compromise
Goldilocks and the
Three Bears
com- together
promise- agreement
-a paragraph is a
pretty short piece of writing, compact
-not an essay
-300ww at least
CHARACTERISTICS OF
A PARAGAPH
**has to be
focussed on the topic
**get to the point
quickly, stay on the point
no
room for wandering around the topic
**has to be
well-organized- make a plan before you
write, make a few notes, brainstorm some key words, getting vocab, make a plan before to write sentences
-longer pieces- long
essay, paper (5-10-20 pages), more room to maneuvre, scope for exploration
A paragraph is
about one thing, one topic.
paragraph – so
short- has to really focussed, well-organized, laser sharp
TIMES
EF3/4 – (70-90m)
EF5/6- (50m-55m) paragraph (150-250 ww)
EF67- (45-50m)
English 12 -much
shorter amount of time (~20-25m)
Over the next few
courses-EF5/6, EF7, Eng11, Eng12- there will be a speeding up for the writing
time.
Time allotments
will get shorter.
NATURAL REACTION -stress,
anxiety, worry, panic!
phobia-
claustophobic
turophobia- fear of
cheese
* Source of
anxiety, feel rushed, feel nervous, worried, emotional reaction – time pressure, pressure to write good
sentences, pressure to write good verbs, pressure to use good punctuation, pressure
to give a good answer, brain fog- mind goes blank
MY ADVICE:
Practicing may/will help to reduce the nerves.
Everything will be ok. I am/We are on your side!
-mitigate these responses with good planning and practice
***take a few minutes and make a plan before you start writing
the sentences of your paragragh
VOCAB mitigate(v) – make a difficult situation easier
e.g. In order to mitigate this problem, we are going to
delay the project for two weeks.
*Writing a good paragraph and writing it quickly is a
challenge. It is a challenge that you can rise to.
EUPHEMISM – a polite word that we use when we don’t want to
use the real word
bathroom, restroom, washroom
pass away
challenge- difficult
There are steps we can take to make it easier.
Process and practice will make writing paragraphs less
stressful, more routine.
routine – everyday, not emotional, not stressful,
run-of-the-mill
We can learn to ameliorate that stress that we feel when we
face difficult new tasks.
VOCAB ameliorate- make something bad better
Practice is the secret to improving.
Practice makes perfect.
For paragraph tests, I will always give as clear a topic as
I can.
e.g. “Do you agree that marijuana should be legal in
Canada?”
-opinion + 3-4 good reasons
SLANG marijuana – weed, pot, the devil’s lettuce
STRUCTURE OF A
PARAGRAPH- Western school structure, academic writing
Model Paragraph #1
“Golden Week” paragraph
Golden Week
How does it look on the page?
It looks like a paragraph- neat and organized
- one block of writing
- first word
indented
- double-spaced
*Topic sentence – sets up expectation for the reader
Golden Week,
Japan, four days
topic and controlling idea
-topic- the subject of the paragraph, the topic that will
be addresses
-controlling idea- your take on the topic, your focus, the
direction you are going go with the topic, limits the scope of the paragraph,
focusses, the reader knows what to expect
Our job as writers is to set the parameters of the
paragraph and then satisfy those parameters.
Golden week is Japan is a combined celebration of four
holidays.
*Supporting
sentences
Support #1- ‘first’
Point - subpoint
Support #2 ‘second’
Point – subpoint
Support #3 ‘next’
Point - subpoint
Support #4 ‘fourth’
Point – subpoint,
subpoint, subpoint, subpoint
Why? Why change the stucture? -most important point, explain
more, cultural value
There are reasons why you can break the pattern. Have a good
reason. Be aware of your pattern.
Concluding sentence -wrap-up, way to end the writing, bring
it to a conclusion, nice, gentle, land the airplane, like saying ‘Goodbye’ on
the phone
The stucture is clear and easy to follow.
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