English Foundations 4/5
Three weeks finished already!
Today’s agenda
·
Return Quiz#2, compound sentences
Go over
Optional RW for Bonus pt
·
Work on compound sentences ; TRANS,
·
Optional replacement
Quiz#1 (last 25m)
·
HW Read “National
Day of Truth and Reconciliation”
Monday
·
Question of the Day
·
Hooks/grabbers- from homework, read aloud
·
Continue review of verb tenses- simple present
·
Finish Wordlist 1.2 speaking and listening
·
Listening – song lyrics
Next week “National Day
of Truth and Reconciliation”
Begin complex sentences
Butter – man,male
breed- Golden Doodle, half poodle, half golden retriever
-eight years old, acts like a puppy
-friendly, loves people
Feel free to pat him or scratch his ears.
Begin review of verb tenses- seven most useful ones
-simple present, simple past, simple future
-pesent continuous(progressive), past continuous
-present perfect
-present perfect continuous
Quiz#2
Write
a compound sentence for each.
SV,
SOBA SV.
1. fix so
She
wants to fix her shelf, so she needs a hammer.
2. weather but
The
weather today is nice, but I can’t go to the park.
3. eat or
4. opinion so
We
have the same opinion about raising children, so we can agree.
We
have different opinions, so we disagree.
We
agree together with each other.
I
agree with you.
Do
you agree?
We
disagree with each other.
IDIOM
We agree to disagree. We respectfully disagree.
With
respect, I disagree with you.
Dave
and Shira agree with each other about the problem.
5. answer and
6. talking or
Review
and practice. That is the only way to improve.
Modals/Modal
Auxilairies
can
+ infinitive –‘to’
can
+ to listen
can
listen
He can listen to his friends.
He can listening to his friends. XXX
He can listened to his friends. XXX
She
could buy a new phone. could buying
We must take care of ourselves.
You
should quit smoking. should quitting should quitted
Farna
will go to the party tonight.
Modals are
auxiliary verbs that are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation/necessity,
possibility, invitation, permission, or requests. Below is a list of the most
useful modals and their most common meanings:
auxiliary
– extra AUX
Modal Meaning Example
can to express ability I can speak English very
well.
can to request permission Can I go to Foundations 4?
Can
I go to the bathroom?
could to express possibility I could help you tomorrow.
We could
paint the room tonight.
may to express possibility I may/might be late for class.
may to
request permission May I take
the test again,
please?
May I go
to the bathroom? (very polite)
might to express possibility She might call you later.
We
might have a test on Friday.
I
might go shopping tonight.
EXAMPLES I might visit
my friend tonight.
Maybe I will visit my friend tonight.
must to express obligation I must leave at 4 o’clock.
You
must go to bed at 10.
should to give advice You should go to the doctor.
You should
visit my country. I think that you would like it.
I should
go to the club where you play guitar.
I should
take a bath after I go to the gym.
I should to
listen to music.
I should
buy groceries because my fridge is empty.
will to show future I will not take my car
today.
would to request or offer Would you prefer a tea or
coffee?
NOTE “Could I ....”
“Would you ....”
“Would you
like some coffee?”
“Would you
like some dessert?”
“Would you
like some anything else?”
“Would you
like a beer / bill?”
bill /
cheque
“Could I
have the cheque/bill, please?”
**
shall – used very rarely, too formal “Let take
our ten-minute break,
shall we?”
If you
want to use, you can use for a very formal-sounding invitation.
“Shall we
leave?”
Japanese
movie, remade in English “Shall We Dance?”
“Shall we ダンス?”
very
polite invitation – shall, rare
“Shall we
go?”
one-word modals
can
could
may
might
must
should
will
would
etc.
HIGHER LEVEL MODALS
There are also two and three-word modals,
Two-word modals:
-had better –
should “You should / had better talk
with your mom.”
“You
has better stop arguing with your sister.”
-have to – must “Today, I have to return these
Amazon packages.”
-ought to – should “You ought to finish school so you can
get a better-paying job.”
“He
ought to quit smoking.”
IDIOM– “Please
don’t ‘should’ me.”
-used to – habit in
the past “She used to do yoga.”
ANOTHER MEANING
‘used to’ – feel comfortable, accustomed to
She got used to
Vancouver after a few months.
I have to get used
to different accents when peopls speak English.
Three-word modals:
-be able to – can
“The dog is able to
run and catch a ball in his mouth.”
“She wasn’t able to
attend the meeting.” “She couldn’t come to the meeting.”
-be going to –
similar to ‘will’-
MY SIMPLE
EXPLANATION – will – decide on the spot
-
am going to –
already decided
-be supposed to –
strong ‘should’, expectation “Family is
supposed to be supportive, but sometimes they are not.”
“You were supposed
to take the garbage out.”
-have got to – very
strong must “You have got to address
this problem with your father-in-law.”
“You have got to
lock the door when you go out.”
“You have got to
take your medication everyday.”
OCD – obsessive
compulsive disorder
obsessive thoughts-
can’t stop thinking about something
compulsive actions-
can’t resist making actions
CBT- cognitive
behavioural therapy
*** IMPORTANT
Most anything you want to say can be expressed
with a one-word modal.
Examples:
have to- I have to pick up my daughter tonight at
work.
You have to go to bed.
must- very
strong
The
grammar is like this:
modal +
infinitive without ‘to’
e.g. can + to eat
can eat
The teenager can eat three slices of
pizza.
will + to finish
The builders will finish the project by
early December.
have to + to call
Maria has to call her sister about the
party.
Jun has to lose weight.
be supposed to + to go
John is supposed to go to the party,
but he might be too
busy.
had to + to call
I had
to called call three mechanics yesterday.
modal +
another verb
can +
infinitive –‘to’
can + to
run
can run
THE VERB DOESN’T CHANGE
I can run.
You can run. The dog can run. Your grandmother can run.
modal verb
do not change with the subject
I run. You
run. She runs.
Two-word
modals
had better – strong ‘should’
You should
to stop smoking. You had better stop smoking.-stronger
You had
better call your doctor and reup/refill your medication.
You had
better get your schoolwork in order.
have to –
must
You have
to get to work on time.
You must
get to work on time.
The Grade
10 students have to study more than they did in Grade 9.
We have
to pay the bills.
ought to –
should
I ought
to call my sister. I haven’t spoken with her in several years.
You should
call your mother.
I should
have to graduate from SHEC before I can go to college.
I must
graduate from SHEC before I can go to college.
used to-
did in the past, not now, no one-word equivalent
Sarah used
to do yoga, but now she is too busy with family and work.
Bhin used
to live in Thailand, but she has been in Canada for many years.
Mei used
to travel a lot, but not so much in the last few years due to Covid.
Joe used
to be married.
He used
to drink a lot. That’s why his wife got rid of him.
She gave
him the boot.
LOOK
SIMILAR, DIFFERENT MEANINGS
MODAL used
to- did in the past, no longer do
CONFUSING
NOT A
MODAL get/be used to- feel comfortable, be familiar with
Shirin
didn’t like Vancouver at first, but then she got used to it.
Jes gets
up early every morning. He doesn’t mind. He is used to getting up early.
Dave is not
used to trying different kinds of food. He is picky/fussy/choosy.
Three-word modals
be able to- can
She is not able to come to the meeting
tomorrow.
I am not able to come to class Friday.
I can’t come to class Friday.
She can’t come to the meeting tomorrow.
Sarah can speak English, Farsi, and
French.
Sarah is able to speak English, Farsi,
and French.
Can you pick up some almond milk before
you come home?
POLITE Are you able to pick up
some almond milk before you come home?
She is not able / unable to make it to
school today.
She can’t come to school today.
Jose has been unable to walk since his
accident.
I am unable to take your call. Please leave me
a message.
The difference between ‘be going to’ and ‘will’.
When did the make the decision?
right now – will
in the past – am going to
be
supposed to – should/must, obligation, your responsibility
I was
supposed to get some dog food, but I forgot.
I am
supposed to put my stuff in storage today.
I am
supposed to work today.
have got
to- very strong ‘must’
You have
got to take your medication on time.
I have
to pick up my son after school.
I have
got to eat breakfast, or I will feel faint.
You have
got to check your stove before you leave your place.
Mom, you
have got to remember to turn off the stove.
Exercises:
Choose appropriate modals for each:
1.
I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I _____ eat anything.
2.
You _____ look at me when I am talking to you.
3.
I was using my pencil a minute ago. It _____ here somewhere!
4.
My boss told me that I really _____ be late
again to work.
5.
If you don’t start working harder, you _____
repeat the course next year.
6.
Phone her now.
She _____ be home by now.
7.
You _____ forget your sunscreen. It’s going to be very hot!
8.
I _____ be able to help you, but I’m not sure
yet.
9.
Mozart _____ play the piano beautifully as a
child.
10.
I really _____ try to get fit.
11.
_____ I take a photograph of you?
12.
Students _____ borrow up to 15 books at any
time.
13.
Whose bag is this? I don’t know, but it _____ belong to Yuta.
14.
_____ I go to the bathroom, please?
15.
His excuse _____ be true, but I don’t believe
it.
16.
_____ you speak French? Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty
good.
17.
_____ you help me move this table?
18.
I _____ help you, but I don’t want to.
19.
_____ you open the window, please.
20.
I _____ move the table. It was too heavy.
21.
You _____ eat so much chocolate. It’s not good for you.
22.
I’m afraid I _____ play tennis tomorrow. I’ve got a dentist appointment.
23.
You can come to the meeting if you want but
you _____.
24.
I’m so hungry I _____ eat a horse!
25.
The test starts at 10.30. You _____ be late.
26.
How did you do in the test? Ok. It _____
worse!
27.
You _____ tired. You’ve only just got out of
bed!
28.
_____ be very pleased with herself. She got
the best grades.
EXAMPLES
Did you eat
dinner at home, or went to the restaurant. XXX
Did you eat
dinner at home, or SV went to the restaurant.
Did you eat
dinner at home, or did you go to the restaurant?
SV, SOBA
SV.
The
weather is cloudy, but not raining. XXX
The
weather is cloudy, but SV not raining.
The
weather is cloudy, but it is not raining. COMPOUND
I don’t
know whether I should talk to him. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
I don’t
know if I should buy a new
phone.
She doesn’t
know if she should take EF7.
ACTION:
Think of a good grabber that you put on top of your home country
paragraph (Test#1).
Decide on what kind of grabber would work best. Write it down.
Later, maybe tomorrow, we’ll read some out loud.
Compound sentences
SV, SOBA SV.
SV; SV. semocolons Higher
level
SV; TRANS, SV.
I like dogs, but you like cats. COMPOUND
I like dogs; you like cats. COMPOUND
I like dogs; however, you like cats. COMPOUND
MOST IMPORTANT TO FOCUS ON
; therefore, = , so
; however. = , but
; also, = , and
The students wrote the test, and they did their homework.
COMPOUND
The students wrote the test; also, they did their homework.
COMPOUND
The weather is nice
today, but it is supposed to
rain on the weekend.
The weather is nice
today; however, it is supposed
to rain on the weekend.
, or = ; alternatively,
She can go
to the party, or she can stay
home.
She can go
to the party; alternatively, she can
stay home.
Four ways to express the same meaning.
She plays soccer, and she plays volleyball. EASIEST WAY
She plays soccer; in addition, she plays volleyball. A LITTLE BIT HARDER
She plays soccer; furthermore, she plays volleyball.
She plays soccer; also, she plays volleyball.
meanwhile- two things happening at the same time
You are in this class right now; meanwhile, your daughter is at work.
I was making supper; at the same time, my wife was watching a
movie.
Most important: Learn SV, SOBA SV first!!
Replacement Quiz#1
Write a simple sentence for each
1.
SVV learn
2.
SSV favourite
3.
Question picture
4.
SV like
5.
SSV excited
6.
SSVV exercise
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