SIMPLE
SV
SSV
SVV
SSVV
COMPOUND
SV , so SV.
SV , or SV.
SV , but SV.
SV , and SV.
SV ; TRANS, SV.
COMPLEX
adverb clause
because, if , when, whenever, since, even though
ever since, provided that, even if
as...as, so...that, so that
adjective clauses
that, who, which
whom - FORMAL, NOT USED
adjectives describe nouns
the cute kitten
the big house
the green and white sweater
colour, size, shape, age - adjective
The sweater is green and white. My sister gave it to me. COMBINE
The sweater (My sister gave it to me) is green and white. that
that - everything (all purpose)
who - people
which - things
adj cl
The sweater (that my sister gave
The sweater that my sister gave to me is green and white.
The sweater my sister gave to me is green and white.
object pronoun - omit it if you want
The bird which you saw in the backyard was a grackle.
The bird you saw in the backyard was a grackle.
The car that I bought was blue.
The car I bought was blue.
The girl (who I was talking to) is my sister.
The girl (I was talking to) is my sister.
The I was talking to girl is my sister. XXX
Canada has many countries people. XXX
Canada has people (who come from many countries).
The girl (who I was talking to) is my sister.
whom - VERY FORMAL, forget it, not important
The girl (whom I was talking to) is my sister.
VERY STIFF SOUNDING, VERY FORMAL
The girl (to whom I was speaking) is my sister.
EXTREMELY FORMAL
The girl (I was talking to) is my sister. VERY NATURAL SOUNDING
The water bottle that is on the table is full.
The water bottle that I put on the table is full.
The water bottle I put on the table is full.
Exercise 13
1. This is the ad that has Greg's picture.
This is the school that has French classes.
This is the restaurant that has fried octopus.
These are the kids that made the cookies.
Here is the plane that flew from China.
Here is the game that my son wants for his birthday.
The beard that is just around your chin is called a goatee.
He has a handlebar moustache.
He has a nice set of chops.
Joseph Brandt, who was a great Iroquois leader, was born in 1742.
,adjective clause,
A. All people who are born in Canada are Canadian citizens. TRUE
B. All people, who are born in Canada, are Canadian citizens. NOT TRUE
Do they have the same meaning?
One is true, and the other is not.
What's our simple subject?
restrictive / non-restrictive clauses
essential / non-essential clauses
unique in the world , adj cl,
Canada which is a big country has ten provinces.
Canada, which is a big country, has ten provinces.
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a huge city.
Beijing which is the capital of China is a huge city.
My pencil which is grey is very wide.
Your son who is in grade 4 is a nice boy. 2 sons
Your son, who is in grade 4, is a nice boy. 1 son
Ask yourself: Is this thing unique or very special or are there lots of them?
Our school, South Hill Education Centre, which is on Fraser Street, is over years old. UNIQUE
Let's meet at the Starbucks that is on Fraser and 49th.
The books that are on the shelf are free.
My Pink Panther doll, which is on the bookshelf, is very cute.
Joe's mother, who is retired, likes to play golf. 1 person who is a mother to you
Joe's mother who is retired likes to play golf. 2+ people who are like mother's to you
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