EF5Wr567 Class 16

 

Good afternoon, everyone.

We will get started at 12:00

 

Today’s agenda

·      Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Continue review of verb tenses

·      Begin “Grabbers”

 

Wednesday

·      Continue adverb clauses

·      Begin narrative paragraph writing

 

Thursday

·      Continue narrative paragraph writing

 

Friday

·      Test#3 - narrative paragraph

 

 

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES -adverb clauses

                                         -noun clauses

                                         -adjective clauses

 

REVIEW OF SENTENCE STYLES

You have to practice these every day if you want to get good at something. You will be amazed at how good you will get at sentence writing or whatever you are doing in six months or a year.

 

*SIMPLE – 1 main/independent clause

SV   SSV   SVV  SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

*COMPOUND     , SOBA     ;     ; TRANS,

2 main clauses/independent clauses joined together

1.    , FANBOYS , SOBA

2.    ; semicolon

3.    ; TRANS,   e.g. ; moreover,

 

*COMPLEX - 1 main clause and 1 subordinate clause

- adverb clauses

- noun clauses NEXT WEEK

- adjective clauses IN TWO WEEKS

 

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES=       

 

simple sentence + subordinate clause (dependent clause)

main clause + subordinate clause

main clause = independent clause

 

-independent-

independent person- by yourself, support yourself, don’t need help, buy your own groceries, cook your own food, do your own laundry

 

-dependent person – needs help, can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them, drive them around

independent clause- a group of words with SV, is a simple sentence

dependent clause- a group of words with SV, not a sentence

 

The sky is blue. SIMPLE SENTENCE, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

 

although it is chilly. DEPENDENT CLAUSE, SENTENCE FRAGMENT

 

The sky is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX

The sky is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

 

Mei is tired today. Because she had insomnia last night. XXX

FIX

Mei is tired today because she had insomnia last night. 1 complex

Mei is tired today. She had insomnia last night. 2 simples

 

COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES

- because when if (most commonly used words)

 

because – give a reason

Joan is happy today. Her son is visiting her. Two main clauses. Two simple sentences.

 

Turn one of the main clauses into a subordinate clause. +because

1.    main clause + adverb clause

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Jun is happy because her son is visiting her today.

 

Jun is happy today. Her son is visiting her. 2 SIMPLES

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL

NOTE: no comma before ‘because’

 

2.    adverb clause, + main clause 

Because Jun’s son is visiting her, she is happy today.

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

NOTE: need a comma

 

*** The two ways:

Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her.

Because Jun’s son is visiting her today, she is happy.

*** Either way is good. It is your choice.

 

COMMON ERROR:

Jun is happy, because her son is visiting her today. XXX

Small error with the comma. No big deal.

 

EXAMPLES

He is hungry because he skipped lunch.

Because he skipped lunch, he is hungry.

If When Because While

 

** OLD-FASHIONED RULE-   Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.

It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.

 

Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK

Because it’s snowing – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Because it’s snowing, some people are a little late. OK Complex sent

 

Because it’s snowing. SENTENCE FRAGMENT -not a whole sentence

fragment – piece

 

 

Some people are a little late because it’s snowy. Alternative

Some people are a little late – makes this the focus of the sentence

 

Either way is fine. It’s your choice. This is more about style and intention than grammar.

 

COMMON SMALL ERROR

Some people are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX

Don’t put a comma before ‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice. Keep your school writing at a more formal level.

This is a stylistic choice concerning your writing style.

stylistic(adj) style(n)

 

DISCLAIMER: My writing and speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep my writing and speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business. I take a professional tone in a professional situation.

Other people are much more casual in their language usage.

You can decide what level of formality is appropriate for any situation that you are in.

 

MAIN THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH ADVERB CLAUSES:

The baby is crying because she is hungry. NO COMMA

Because the baby is hungry, she is crying. COMMA

 

MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) + ADVERB CLAUSE

MAIN CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX SENTENCE

 

FREE ADVICE: If you do it like that, it will always work. Everything will be ok.

 

 

 

*when - time

1.    main clause + adverb clause

My dog gets up when I get up. no comma

2.    adverb clause, + main clause 

When I get up, my dog gets up. comma

 

Call your sister when you get home.

When you get home, call your sister.

SAME MEANING- your choice

 

When Harim got up this morning, she was surprised to see snow on the ground.

Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground when she got up this morning.

 

*when – same time, pretty much the same time

*after, before – not the same time

 

Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground after/when she got up this morning.

 

*when – one time, once

*whenever- everytime, happens many times

Whenever Butter has to pee, he rings a bell on the door.

My neighbour’s dog escapes whenever they let it out in the backyard.

 

Whenever it rains, Mei takes an umbrella.

Mei uses an umbrella whenever it rains.

 

Mary gets nervous when she has a test. SOUNDS OK

Mary gets nervous whenever she has a test. SOUNDS BETTER

Whenever Jay watches scary movies, he has nightmares.

 

 

SAME MEANING- DIFFERENT FOCUS

Whenever she has coffee after 6pm, she has trouble getting to sleep.

She has trouble getting to sleep whenever she has coffee after 6pm.

 

night

mare- female horse

Old superstition- People used to believe that hearing a horse running at night was bad luck.

stallion- male horse

 

 

*if- maybe yes, maybe no, don’t know, not decided

1.    main clause + adverb clause

Maria should start saving her money if she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma

2.    adverb clause, + main clause 

If Maria wants to buy that expensive dress, she should start saving her money. comma

Call me if you want to go for a hike.

If you want to go for a hike, call me.

 

If there is heavy snow, listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.

Listen to the radio. imperative (simple sentence)

Close the door if we are being too noisy.

Practice everyday if you want to get better at jujitsu.

 

***

Martial Arts – judo, karate, aikido, jiujitsu, taekwondo

***

 

Model for adverb clauses:

Main clause adverb clause.

Adverb clause,  main clause.

**

***

**** YOUR CHOICE. You should be able to do it both ways. GOAL! ****

 

 

‘if’ – past, present, future

My sister would play with her dolls if she was bored. past

Let’s grab some coffee if you are free now. present

I will call you if I need a lift to the airport. future

 

EXAMPLES:

You should call your sister if you want a ride from the airport.

If you want a ride from the airport, you should call your sister.

 

You should call your sister, if you want a ride from the airport. XXX punc

-small error, does not impede understanding, still not right

 

IMPERATIVE: Call your sister.

Call your sister if you want to get a ride.

If you want to get a ride, call your sister.

 

REVIEW -

COMPOUND

2 independent clauses put together

COMPLEX

1 independent clause and 1 dependent clause put together

 

COMPOUND

We are going camping this weekend, so we have to pack our gear.

 

COMPLEX

We have to pack our gear because we are going camping this weekend.

Because we are going camping this weekend, we have to pack our gear.

 

*Same information- different sentence styles- compound and complex

We are going camping this weekend, so we have to pack our gear.

We have to pack our gear because we are going camping this weekend.

 

If you really want to use a comma in the middle of the sentence, put the adverb clause first, or use a compound sentence.

e.g. Jan is late because it is snowing.

Because it is snowing, Jan is late. COMPLEX- adverb clause

It is snowing, so Jan is late. COMPOUND , SOBA

 

 

GOOD WORDS FOR ADVERB CLAUSES

* Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)

Learning these will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.

 

** When you learn these 24 words, you will be a rock star in your English class!

COMPLEX SENTENCES-adverb clauses

time-                     after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever,

while

place-                   wherever

condition -          if, even if, provided that, unless

manner-               as, as if, though, although, even though, so ... that

cause-                   because, since

purpose-              in order that, in order to, so that,

 

*after- time

The kids did their homework after supper. prepositional phrase SIMPLE

The kids did their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX- ADVERB CL

The kids did their homework after they finished/had/ate supper. no comma

After the kids finished supper, they did their homework. comma

 

This is an important difference!

The kids did their homework after supper. SIMPLE

The kids did their homework after they finished supper. COMPLEX

 

The kids finished supper, and then they did their homework. COMPOUND

 

This is all about choice!! If you can write a sentence three different ways, you will be unstoppable.

 

VERY COMMON ERROR

After the kids finished supper, so they did their homework. XXX

confusing compound and complex

FIXES

The kids finished supper, so they did their homework. compound

After the kids finished supper, they did their homework. complex

 

* before- Call me before you leave. complex- adverb clause

          Call me before 8pm. simple

She was an engineer before she moved to Canada.

 

*since – two meanings: time, give a reason

 

-since-time

May has lived in Canada since 1998. SIMPLE

May has lived in Canada since SV 1998. COMPLEX

May has lived in Canada since she moved/arrived/came/ immigrated/relocated here from Vietnam in 1998. COMPLEX

 

* NOTE: simple past instead past perfect

Past perfect is not commonly used by native English speakers.

May has lived in Canada since she had moved here from Vietnam in 1998.

May has lived in Canada since she moved here from Vietnam in 1998.

 

-since – give a reason, same as ‘because’

Joe is a little frustrated right now because the internet keeps dropping out.

Joe is a little frustrated right now since the internet keeps dropping out.

Because the internet keeps dropping out, I am a little frustrated right now.

Since the internet keeps dropping out, I am a little frustrated right now.

 

SWAP because = since

because/since – Your choice. Mix it up!

 

I have wanted to write a book since I read Rumi’s books. time? reason?

 

The little boy has been obsessed with spiders since he visited the Vancouver Aquarium. time? reason?

 

How can you tell? context

 

 

NOTE: due to + noun

I am a little frustrated right now due to the internet dropping out. SIMPLE

‘dropping’- noun, gerund

‘because’ VS ‘due to’

The picnic has been cancelled because it is raining. adv cl

The picnic has been cancelled due to the rain. rain

The picnic has been cancelled because of the rain.

 

*until – time (waiting for something else to happen)

I will wait until you finish work.

Until you finish work, I will wait. Don’t sound natural. Use your ear. Does it sound good? Does it sound weird? Trust your ear.

 

Jen has been waiting for you until now. SIMPLE

Jan was waiting for you until 10 pm. SIMPLE

Jen was waiting for you until she fell asleep. COMPLEX

Jen was waiting for you until her sister called. COMPLEX

 

I will keep learning English until I am fluent. COMPLEX

Sara will keep learning English until she is fluent. COMPLEX

Dave is waiting until he retires to start travelling.

NOTE:         until – good for writing, proper English, school, business

til – very casual, good for talking, not for school writing, only casual writing

Same as ‘because’  - for school writing     ‘cause’-casual talking, not for school writing  ‘cuz’- very casual, texting, not professional

 

cause, cuz- very casual, for spoken, not for writing

til- casual, for spoken, not for writing

 

gonna XXX going to

wanna XXX want to

gotta I gotta go! I have to go.

 

*when/while

when – one time

while – two actions happening at the same time

You were working while your son was sleeping.

While you are in school, your kids are in daycare.

Students were using their cell phones while the teacher was teaching.

 

STRANGE Maria was washing the dishes while the phone rang.

 

Maria was washing the dishes when the phone rang.

                                           phone rang  *

­­­­washing   _______________________________

 

Maria was washing the dishes while the phone was ringing. UNLIKELY

 

while – Maria was washing the dishes while her husband was sweeping the floor.

sweeping *******************************************

washing    ___________________________________________

 

I can’t talk to you while I am driving. I will call you back when I park my car.

Sarah was washing the dishes when the phone rang. one moment in

time

 

Sarah was washing the dishes while Joe was watching TV.

My daughter was reading while I was playing guitar.

 

‘while’ time- fits well with continuous/progressive tenses  ‘ing’

The parents like to watch their baby while he is sleeping.

My dog likes to hold hands while he is lying down.

He sings while he is driving. COMPLEX

He sings while driving. SIMPLE

She hums a song while she is working.

while + ‘ing’ GOOD MATCH

He talks to himself while he is working. talks- simple present- always, habit

He is talking to himself while he is working. is talking – present continuous- right now

 

SPECIAL USAGE- while – show contrast

I get up early while you get up late.

Sarah is extroverted while her sister is intraverted.

Canada is cold while The Philippines is hot.

You like cats while he likes dogs.

Jorge wants to be a machine operator while Shehd wants to be a nurse.

 

Let’s practice writing sentence with these adverb clause words.

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW