Tuesday, 12 December 2023

Advanced Sentence Structure Tutorial Week 4 Compound Sentences ; semicolons and transitional terms

 Review of Sentence Tutorial so far


*SIMPLE- SV   SSV   SVV   Imperative(command)   Interrogative(question)


*COMPOUND-

SV, SOBA SV.    so or but and

The weather is cold, but at least it isn’t snowing.

SV, SOBA SV.


COMMON ERROR

The weather is cold. But at least it isn’t snowing. Casual, not for school or business

The dog is asleep. And he is dreaming.


FIX

The weather is cold, but at least it isn’t snowing.

The dog is asleep, and he is dreaming.

SOBA is for the middle of a compound sentence


The weather is cold. However, at least it isn’t snowing.

The weather is cold. Nevertheless, at least it isn’t snowing.

The weather is cold. Thankfully, at least it isn’t snowing.

The weather is cold. At least it isn’t snowing.



The dog is asleep, and he is dreaming.

The dog is asleep; also, he is dreaming.

The dog is asleep; as well, he is dreaming.

The dog is asleep; furthermore, he is dreaming.



The semicolon gives writing a prestigious look. It sounds so polished and professional.



STEP 1 FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES

SV, SOBA SV.


STEP 2

SV; SV.   semicolons


Now, we will go into a deeper level of compound sentences.


We already know about , SOBA


The next step is this    ; semicolon


: colon

; semicolon  semi-half   


quarterfinal- 8 teams left

semifinal- 4 teams left

final- 2 teams left


We use semicolons in compound sentences.

Higher level- fancier, prestige writing, polished, looks great

Well worth learning!

Sometimes people are nervous or uncertain about semicolons.

They aren’t that bad.


Use  ;   instead of , SOBA

Replace it just like a Lego block.


,but = ;

David likes to swim, but he hates to hike. *jeans and a t-shirt*

David likes to swim; he hates to hike. -looks high level *nice suit*


THIRD STEP- We’ll get there!

David likes to swim; however, he hates to hike


John likes video games, and he likes reading.

John likes video games; he likes reading.

THIRD STEP- We’ll get there!

John likes video games; also, he likes reading.


6 ways to write the same thing:

Susie loves to read books. Susie loves to do her homework. 2 SIMPLES

Susie loves to read books and loves to do her homework. SIMP

Susie loves to read books and do her homework. SIMPLE – LESS REP

Susie loves to read books, and she loves to do her homework. COMPOUND

*Susie loves to read books; she loves to do her homework. COMPOUND

* This is not as common, not as clear. It is an option.

Susie loves to read books; also, she loves to do her homework. COMPOUND


Susan is driving a car and listening to music. SIMPLE- more natural sounding

Susan is driving a car and is listening to music. REP









6 ways to write the same thing:

Irene likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.

Irene likes to draw, and Rita likes to draw.

Irene likes to draw; Rita likes to draw.

Irene and Rita like to draw. SSV SIMPLE

Both Irene and Rita both like to draw. Choose one both

Irene likes to draw; also, Rita likes to draw.


VERY NATURAL-SOUNDING 

Irene likes to draw, and also Rita likes to draw.


If you can say the same thing in a few different ways, you are ready for anything.


, and   OR  ;


comma goes with SOBA

, so   , or   , but   , and


semicolons- -not used all the time, look really good




COMPOUND SENTENCES- REVIEW

STEP 1

SV, SOBA SV.


STEP 2

SV; SV.


STEP 3

TRANSITIONAL WORDS – usually used with semicolons

e.g. however   therefore   as well   also   nevertheless   meanwhile   


Transitional words are powerful! They will change how you express your ideas.

Transitional words will really make your writing precise. You will be able to say exactly what you want to say.


SOBA – four choices so or but and  Not precise


TRANSITIONAL WORDS- dozen and dozens of choices

I will give about 40 to read over and start to learn.



John likes video games and reading. SIMPLE

John likes video games, and he likes reading. COMPOUND

John likes video games; he likes reading. COMPOUND neutral meaning

John likes video games; also, he likes reading. COMPOUND

John likes video games; he likes reading also. OK COMPOUND- HIGHER LEVEL- IGNORE THIS FOR NOW


, so – give a reason

It is rainy today. I didn’t bring my bike. 2 SIMPLES

It is rainy today, so I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND

It is rainy today; I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND neutral

It is rainy today; therefore, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND

It is rainy today; accordingly, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND

It is rainy today; for this reason, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND


Sarah loves to play sports; for example, she plays volleyball, badminton, football and tennis.

COMMON ERROR

Sarah loves to play sports; for example, volleyball, badminton, football and tennis. SV missing

FIX

Sarah loves to play sports; for example, she likes/enjoys volleyball, badminton, football and tennis.


Sarah loves to play sports; for instance, she plays volleyball, badminton, football and tennis. Sounds good!

Sarah loves to play sports; as an example, she enjoys volleyball.

as an example- one example



Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; Seon grew up on a farm in rural Korea.

Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; similarly, Seon grew up on a farm in rural Korea.

Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; in the same way, Seon grew up on a farm in rural Korea.


Dave works as an electrical engineer; similarly, Hakim is an electrician. 


David likes to swim but hates to hike. SIMPLE

David likes to swim, but he hates to hike. COMPOUND

David likes to swim; he hates to hike. neutral meaning COMPOUND

David likes to swim; however, he hates to hike. COMPOUND

HIGHER LEVEL

On one hand, David likes to swim; on the other hand, he hates to hike.

on the other hand – compare two things

Joe is a really weird dude; on the other hand, he is a ton of fun to hang out with.


Vancouver is a beautiful city to live in; on the other hand, housing is incredibly expensive.


Sheri likes the iPhone 13; on the other hand, the Galaxy 9 is pretty nice, too.


, too   - decoration, embellishment, icing on the cake



Transitional Terms


Transitional words and phrases help paragraphs read more smoothly by improving the connections between supporting sentences.

MODEL: Use a period or semicolon between the sentences and a comma after the transitional term.

For example: Richmond is an exciting city to live in; in particular, its Asian influence makes for a very multicultural environment. COMPOUND

Richmond is an exciting city to live in. In particular, its Asian influence makes for a very multicultural environment. 2 SIMPLES


David likes to swim. He hates to hike. 2 SIMPLES

Davis likes to swim but hates to hike. SIMPLE

David likes to swim, but he hates to hike. COMPOUND

David likes to swim; he hates to hike. COMPOUND

David likes to swim; however, he hates to hike. COMPOUND

David likes to swim. However, he hates to hike. 2 SIMPLES


There is a lot of wonderful choice here for your sentence writing. Your sentence never have to be repetitive; you have many options to choose from.


MY ADVICE: Use semicolons sparingly. A semicolon helps glue two main clauses together. A semicolon show that the two are closely connected.



HERE ARE ABOUT 80 TRANSITIONAL TERMS FOR YOU TO USE:


Addition   , and

; also,     ; furthermore,     ; in addition,

Also,       Furthermore,      In addition,


Consequence    , so

; accordingly,     ; as a result,     ; consequently,     ; for this reason, 

; for this purpose,     ; hence,     ; subsequently,     ; therefore,    ; thus,

Accordingly,     As a result,     Consequently,     For this reason, 

For this purpose,     Hence,     Subsequently,     Therefore,    Thus,

e.g accordingly

Shira is very nervous driving in snow; accordingly, she took her time getting home when the roads were icy last week.

; semicolon – strong glue between clauses

Shira is very nervous driving in snow. Accordingly, she took her time getting home when the roads were icy last week.

Shira is very nervous driving in snow, so she took her time getting home when the roads were icy last week.


AVOID THIS

It is cold, so I wore a hat; therefore, I was warm.

FIX

It is cold, so I wore a hat. Therefore, I was warm.



Generalizing

as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, ordinarily, usually

e.g. Mike likes to stay fit; as a rule, he gets 30 minutes of exercise every day.

Mike likes to stay fit; generally speaking, he gets 30 minutes of exercise every day.

Mike likes to stay fit. Generally speaking, he gets 30 minutes of exercise every day.


Exemplifying

chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, namely, particularly, specifically, for one thing, as an illustration, as an example, for example


Emphasis – shows something is most important

above all, chiefly, especially, particularly, in particular, singularly, moreover, most importantly

e.g. Shira loves the parks in Vancouver; in particular, she really enjoys looking at the flowers in QE Park.


Similarity

correspondingly, likewise, in the same way, similarly, by the same token,


Contrast   , but

conversely, instead, on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, however, in contrast

e.g. Canada has public medical coverage for its citizens, but the US has mostly private medical coverage.

Canada has public medical coverage for its citizens; on the contrary, the US has mostly private medical coverage.


Sequence

first, at first, first of all, firstly, secondly, thirdly, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, in time, in turn, later on, next, then, soon, later, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, finally


Restatement

in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, to put it differently


Summarizing – alternatives to in conclusion

after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, in a nutshell


Learn these. Study these. You probably know a bunch of them already. I bet there are some new ones.

Your sentence writing ability will just keep getting bigger and bigger. 


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