Good morning, everyone.
Today’s agenda:
·
Begin sentence combining work
·
Animal Farm Chapter 6
·
Remaining verb exercises – verb tenses, phrasal
verbs
·
HW Complete
some of the sentence combining exercises
Wednesday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 6
·
Remaining verb exercises – verb tenses, phrasal
verbs
Thursday
·
Test AF Ch 4-6 Paragraph with “ ”
·
Animal Farm Chapter 7
Friday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 7
·
Begin essay work- likely write 1-2 essays
·
Listening
Final week – group presentations (fun!! more to come)
SENTENCE COMBINING – culmination of
all of sentence work
culmination – using
all the sentence knowledge that we have accumulated so far
put it all into
practice
Next level of work
for sentence writing –
IDIOM where the
rubber hits the road- practical, real-life
SENTENCES:
*simple
*compound
*complex
MY ADVICE Practice these
styles. Follow the patterns. If you follow these patterns, your writing will
probably be ok.
If you don’t follow
these patterns, your writing will likely be substandard.
When you are
writing , use these styles. Stick to these styles.
Sentence combining
-very effective way
to get better at sentence writing
-practical, useful
IMO (in my opinion)-
the best way to get better at sentence writing
-at all levels – absolute
beginner, beginner, intermediate, advanced, expert
start at very basic
level----- very high university-level exercises
Based on the sentence
styles- simple, compound, complex
foundation of all
writing and speaking in English
sentence combining
– puts all of this knowledge into use
William Strong –
university professor – taught university students how to be better writers, not
ESL EAL, mostly native English speakers
GOAL- LEARN TO
WRITE
o higher-level
sentences
o more
prestigious English ‘prestige English”- sounds professional and competent
o prestige
English- sounds high-level
o maybe
even beautiful, elegant, stylish writing
o sounds
good, reads well, smooth and beautiful to read
*** Sentence
combining books are available if you dig for them. Keep your eyes open for this
kind of sentence combining exercise books.
I have amassed a
small collection of sentence combining books over the years.
VPL Amazon
used book stores
William Strong
BTW I have mountains
of sentence combining exervcises. I would happy to give you some.
BASIC IDEA OF
SENTENCE COMBINING
Sentence combining
– taking several short sentences and combine the most important parts of them
into one sentence
Easy example
a. Bill
felt hungry.
b. Bill
had no lunch today.
COMBINE a and b
into one sentence
What kind of
sentence would be best? simple compound
complex
a. Bill
felt hungry.
b. Bill
had no lunch today. because –
complex, adv cl
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Bill felt hungry
because Bill he had no lunch today.
Because Bill
had no lunch today, so he felt hungry.
Because Bill
had no lunch today, he felt hungry.
Bill had no lunch
today so that he felt hungry. COMPLEX – adv cl
Bill had no lunch
today, so he felt hungry. COMPOUND
Bill had no lunch
today; therefore, he felt hungry.
Bill who had no
lunch today felt hungry. COMPLEX- adj cl
Bill who felt
hungry had no lunch today. COMPLEX- adj cl
Bill had no lunch
today. Bill felt hungry. SIMPLES
Bill had no lunch
today and felt hungry. OK
Many options- many
varieties to choose from if we have the knowledge.
The knowledge:
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX
Stick to the
basics. Get back to basics.
The goal is to
write a rich variety of sentences. We can do that by sticking to the basics.
GOALS of sentence combining
-sentences that are dense with information, but not too much
information (tricky balance)
-sentences that are as compact as possible (short, few words
as possible), not too short (another tricky balance)
*** balancing competing interests/impulses- lots of
information, compact sentences
- VERY CHALLENGING
We are up for the challenge!
*PERSONAL ANECDOTE*
My first year in university-
I learned how to write well by working with style books.
CONSIDER WORKING THROUGH A GOOD STYLE BOOK
HIGHER-LEVEL WRITING – for the future, college
The Elements of Style Strunk and White CLASSIC
Style: Ten
Levels in Clarity and Grace Williams ***
*These changed
my writing world. The scales fell from my eyes.
Dig! Keep looking!
BASIC SENTENCE COMBINING
Beginner-level sentence combining – good for a little kid
Kai has a hat.
The hat is red.
The hat is for baseball.
1.
Start with the KERNEL - usually first
sentence
2.
Choose the important new elements in each following
sentences
3.
Combine all of the element together into one
sentence- simple, compound, complex
Kai has a hat. KERNEL – centre, hub Usually the first
sentence in an exercise
FIND JUST NEW INFORMATION IN THE OTHER SENTENCES, AVOID REPETITION
The hat is red.
The hat is for baseball.
Kai has a hat, and the hat is red. REP, NOT A GOOD STYLE
ELEMENTS to be combined
Kai has a hat
red
for baseball
Choose what kind of sentence do you want to write to include
all of these elements? simple compound complex?
-gut reaction, trust your instinct, feeling
You should have a feeling about it.
Make the decision.
You have to decide.
*SIMPLE
Kai has a red baseball hat. MY CHOICE
Kai has a red hat for baseball.
*COMPOUND
Kai has a red hat, and it is for baseball. SEEMS LIKE TOO
MUCH FOR SUCH A BASIC IDEA, A BIT OVERWRITTEN
Kai has a red hat; in fact, it is for baseball. SEEMS
OVERWRITTEN
We don’t need that elaborate structure for such a simple
idea.
*COMPLEX
Kai has a baseball hat that is a red colour red. ADJ
CL Overwritten?
because since SEEMS LIKE A LOT
Kai has a red hat which is for baseball. Maybe he has
several special hats.
Jun has a nice suit which is for job interviews.
NOTE: prefix is the beginning part of a word ‘un’ unkind
‘im’ impossible
suffix is the end part of a word ‘tion’ education ‘ment’ employment
DETAILS OF THE STRUCTURE
META- level, above, higher level
Birdseye view of sentences
Next level of thinking about sentences
**
PROCESS of choosing sentences
Sentence Combining Sheet #5
1.
a. I like Italian cooking.
b. I like Chinese cooking.
c. They are very different.
I like Italian and Chinese cooking even though they are very
different.
I like Italian and Chinese cooking, but they are very
different.
Even though Italian and Chinese cooking are very different, I
like them both. I like both of them
VARIATIONS
I like both Italian and Chinese cooking despite them being
very different.
I like both Italian and Chinese cooking despite their many differences.
Even though Italian, Chinese, and Japanese cooking are all
very different, I like them all. I like all of them.
Try numbers 2,3,4
2.Although they are both spicy, Italian cooks
use garlic and oregano while Chinese cooks often use ginger and hot pepper.
STRANGE
Although both Italian and Chinese food/dishes/cuisine are
spicy, Italian cooks use garlic and oregano while Chinese cooks often
use ginger and hot pepper.
Garlic has a nice tang.
*3.The Italians use a lot of tomato sauce unlike the Chinese
who use bean, soy, and duck sauces.
bean suace, soy sauce, and duck sauce
The Italians use a lot of tomato sauce, but the
Chinese use bean, soy, and duck sauces. ;
on the other hand,
4.An Italian meal is usually served with wine; however, a
Chinese meal is usually served with tea.
An Italian meal is usually served with wine while a Chinese
meal is usually served with tea.
*An Italian meal is usually served with wine unlike a Chinese
meal which is usually/always served with tea.
An Italian meal is usually paired with wine while a Chinese
meal is always served with tea.
pair(v) – match wine and food
Very strong sentence styles- prestige writing. This is good
enough for UBC.
For homework, try some of the sentence combining exercises.
Email a couple to me. We can share them tomorrow.
Animal Farm Chapter 6
Discussion groups
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