Good morning, everyone.
Today’s agenda:
·
Return Test
Optional rewrite for a bonus point. Pass it to
me today or Monday.
Most everyone has good ideas about the novel.
The main area for growth is being able to
express your ideas clearly using effective sentence writing.
Sentences! Sentences! Sentences!
·
Finish Animal Farm Chapter 7
·
Begin essay work- likely write one essay in
the final week
·
Continue parallelism
·
Continue sentence combining
·
IF TIME Remaining verb exercises – verb
tenses, phrasal verbs
·
HW Don’t
forget to email me about the optional replacement
test or
quiz
Monday
·
New marking requirement
“The Provincial Proficiency Scale”
·
Begin essay work
Next week – group presentations (fun!! more to come)
Next week – optional replacement test
ROUGH PLAN FOR FINAL WEEK
Monday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 8
·
Begin presentation work
Tuesday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 8
·
Presentation work
Wednesday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 9
·
Presentation work
·
Optional Replacement test
Thursday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 9
·
Presentation work
Friday
·
Animal Farm Chapter 10
Monday
·
Presentation day
·
Animal Farm Chapter 10
Tuesday
·
Final test AF Ch 7-10 – essay
I will not have much time to mark the essay in
detail- grammar
I’ll read it and give a mark.
Wednesday
·
Marks Day
·
Final class
·
Not an instructional day
We can meet one-on-one to discuss your final result.
Little League- baseball for kids and young teens
misty – drizzle – scattered showers – light rain -rain -
heavy rain
Causative Verbs
Causative
verbs make
other verbs act. They cause
actions to occur.
causation
/ cause- cause and effect, stimulus and result
-something
that makes something else happen
-chemistry
– catalyst – chemical that causes another chemical to react
Both
of the previous sentences contained causative verbs.
“Causative verbs make other verbs act. They cause actions to occur.”
The
most frequently used causative verbs are as follows:
help,
allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, persuade, hire, assist,
encourage, permit, employ, force, compel, tell, ask
EXAMPLES
OF CAUSATIVE VERBS
Napoleon
forced the animals to work “like slaves”(?).
I forced
my young son to take a bath.
The
aninals allowed the pigs to have the best food.
Boxer
motivated the other animals to work hard.
Squealer
told the animals to be on the lookout for Snowball.
Farimah,
could I get you to open the window? – polite command
I got
my son to wash the dishes.
between ‘ask’ and ‘force’
I
got my son to put his laundry away.
The
manager got the servers to polish the cutlery.
get
– there is an expectation that the person will be willing to do the thing
I
will get you to put your phones away during the test.
force,
compel – very very strong
The
police officer forced the robber to lay on the ground.
The
judge compelled the man to pay his child support.
I
feel compelled to warn you about
travelling to North Korea.
Most
commonly used ones: help, allow, invite,
convince, hire, encourage, tell, ask.
We
use these ones most every day.
GRAMMAR
FOR CAUSATIVE VERBS:
These
verbs are followed by a noun or pronoun followed by an infinitive ‘to go, to
see, etc’
Examples:
help
infinitive
Mei helped me to do my
homework.
I help my friend to fix
his computer.
help somebody do some action
The mother allows her son to play
video games.
She allows her pet cockatiel
to perch on the windowsill.
allow- permit to something fun or good
The mother allows her daughter to
do homework. STRANGE
The mother allows/permitted her son to
play video games.
The mother will allow her daughter to
go to the sleepover.
ERROR WITH VERB TENSE
The mother allowed her daughter to
went to the sleepover. XXX
The mother allowed her daughter to
go to the sleepover.
The mother will allow her daughter to
go to the sleepover.
GOOD
allowed to go- causative, passive voice
She was allowed to go to the
sleepover. PASSIVE VOICE
Am I allowed to rewrite the test?
PASSIVE VOICE
I will invite my friends to come
to my house.
I will invite my friends coming
to my house. XXX
I couldn’t convince my father to
get a cell phone.
We hired a carpenter to build
a new patio on our house.
I was hired to fulfill online
orders. PASSIVE VOICE
Junko was hired to babysit
every Wednesday night. PASSIVE VOICE
She encourages herself to be
braver.
He encourages his daughter to go to
university.
Another Causative verb: inspire
Furas’s father inspires him to be
a patient person.
Winnie sometimes has to force her
son to go to school.
You should force yourself to
speak English every day.
I told my wife to buy herself
something nice.
He told his sister to come
over for supper.
Mei tells her son to be a
kind person.
Dave told his children to pick
up their socks.
Another Causative verb: teach
Samanez used to teach people to
speak French.
very common causative verb - ask
Shira asked her sister to cook kabob
next Saturday night.
I will ask my friend to lend
me his truck.
CONFUSED
borrow- take
lend- give/loan
You borrow a book from the library.
The library lends/loans you the book.
Could you borrow lend me a pencil?
Could I borrow a pencil (from you)?
The
basic pattern for causative verbs is
causative
verb + infinitive
e.g.
Mary asked her son to walk the dog.
Four
other causative verbs do not follow this pattern. The causative verbs help, have, make and let are followed
by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an
infinitive with the "to" left off).
‘help’
can be used two ways:
help
+ infinitive OR infinitive without ‘to’
a. Mei helped me to do my
homework.
b. Mei helped me do my homework.
I want to help my daughter fix
her bicycle.
I
want to help my daughter to fix her bicycle.
You
help your grandmother buy groceries.
You
help your grandmother to buy groceries.
have-
ask/tell/request
I
took my car to the garage. I had the mechanic change the oil and top
up the fluids.
Sarah’s
daughter is turning 11 next week. She is having a few friends come
over to celebrate.
Thank
you for having me (come on the show).
Thank
you for having me (come over for dinner).
I am
having a few friend come over to my place to watch the Stanley Cup
Playoffs.
make-force
She
makes him do his homework.
She
makes him to do his homework. XXX
She
forces him to do his homework.
She
makes him do his homework.
Both perfect- your choice
She made her son finish his
project before he could play any video games.
She forced her son to finish
his project before he could play any video games.
let
– allow, just allow, no other causation
He
lets his daughter use his camera.
He
allow his daughter to use his camera.
I don’t
allow my dog to sleep on my bed.
I don’t
let my dog sleep on my bed.
She
allows her tenant to smoke in the backyard.
She
lets her tenant smoke in the backyard.
She
lets her tenant to smoke in the backyard. XXX
Doug
allows Mei to borrow his truck whenever she wants.
Doug
lets Mei borrow his truck whenever she wants.
Would
you let/allow me use your phone for a minute?
let- more casual, friendly tone, relaxed
allow-stricter, serious rules, authority
You
are not allowed to smoke on school grounds.
let-
only for nice things
Mei
let her daughter ride her bicycle.
Mei
let her daughter do her homework. NOT LIKELY
I
let my son play Fortnite.
Let me know. Let me to know.
Allow me to get the door for you.
Allow me to get the bill. It’s my treat.
It’s on me.
Let me get it.
Let’s go!
Let us go.
GOOD POINT: Only have, make and let are special. No ‘to’
REMEMBER: Help can be used either way.
Are have,
make and let
important to know?
have = get to
She had the repair person fix the window. She got the repair person to
fix the window.
make = force to ALTERNATIVES
He made the dog sit. He forced the dog to sit.
He made the dog sit. ‘sit’ stays the
same make changes tense
He makes the dog sit.
He will make the dog sit.
l Chapter
7 Discussion Notes
MY LECTURE NOTES
“bitter
winter” humans waiting for them to fail, rallying source of pride for animals,
READ FROM PHOTOCOPY ABOUT RUSSIAN WINTER
humans
believe Snowball was not cause of the windmill falling down, walls too thin
rebuild
windmill “cruel work” (49)
January
rations short, starvation looms
famine-
widespread starvation
Napoleon
proposes campaign to impress outsiders
Napoleon
appears in “ceremonial manner” (50) escorted by dogs
Q5
hens
to surrender eggs for sale
hens
stage rebellion
hens
starved out, capitulate, rebellion hushed up
Q6
all
misdeeds/mishaps attributed to Snowball
Snowball
causing trouble, cows “milked... in their sleep” (52)
Napoleon
frightens animals with bogeyman of Snowball
Snowball
and Jones not enemies “in league” (53)
scapegoat
Q7
Propaganda-
Snowball in league with Mr. Jones from beginning
Squealer
retells
Boxer
disbelieving but then convinced (54, top of 55)
Squealer
appeals to authority (55)
Logical
fallacies.
Good
ways to trick people in an argument, as used by Squealer:
The Appeal to Authority is
a fallacy with the following form:
Person A is (claimed to be) an
authority on subject S.
Person A makes claim C about
subject S.
Therefore, C is true.
The Appeal to Fear is a fallacy
with the following pattern:
Y is presented (a claim that is
intended to produce fear).
Therefore claim X is true (a claim
that is generally, but need not be, related to Y in some manner).
The Relativist Fallacy is committed
when a person rejects a claim by asserting that the claim might be true for
others but is not for him/her. This sort of "reasoning" has the
following form:
Claim X is presented.
Person A asserts that X may be
true for others but is not true for him/her.
Therefore A is justified in
rejecting X.
The Appeal to Emotion is a fallacy
with the following structure:
Favorable emotions are associated
with X.
Therefore, X is true.
This fallacy is committed when
someone manipulates peoples' emotions in order to get them to accept a claim as
being true. More formally, this sort of "reasoning" involves the
substitution of various means of producing strong emotions in place of evidence
for a claim. If the favorable emotions associated with X influence the person
to accept X as true because they "feel good about X," then he has
fallen prey to the fallacy.
http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/relativist-fallacy.html
Squealer
spreads paranoia among animals “we have reason to think that some of Snowball's
secret agents are lurking among us at the moment” (55)
Q9
Napoleon
with medals begins first purge (55)
pigs
killed
Pigs,
hens, goose, sheep give false confessions and are slaughtered
Why?
animals
shaken “bloodshed... happening among them” (57)
after
meeting Boxer wants to solve problem by working harder (57)- still loyal
BIG
QUESTION “Why do the animals admit to
crimes they haven't committed?
Section
on false confessions, false confessions to crimes common phenomena
Convictions
based on false confessions in Japan https://californiainnocenceproject.org/2013/01/japan-concerned-over-false-confessions/
■
“Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale”
teach
from doc
“the evil eye”
Question
10
Boxer-
Boxer shakes off dogs, looks to Napoleon, still loyal
Discuss
Clover’s thoughts (pp58-59)
Discuss
point
Clover
“this was not what they had aimed at” (58)
READ
PASSAGE pp58-59
compare
to pp13-14
turning
point, pivotal moment in story
the
dream is lost, the farm is not theirs
sang “BoE” mournfully, Napoleon
banishes song- better society realized
l animals
on knoll overlooking farm “clear spring evening” (58)
Animal
Farm “desirable... place”
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