Wednesday, 20 October 2021

EF56 modals

 

English Foundations 5/6

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 8:30.

 

Friday will be a ProD. No school for you. School for me.

 

November term - My classes for next term will be the  same as this term.

P1 8:30-10:45     EF56, Writing 567

P2 11-1:15           EF34, Writing 34

 

Today’s agenda-

·      Modals/ Modal auxiliaries

·      TOMORROW- “Literary Terms”- plot, conflict

·      Talking Game- “Back and Forth”

·      IF TIME “Academic Vocabulary Exercise 2”

·      HW   Quiz on noun clauses tomorrow

Read “The Wise Woman of Cordoba”

Try some modals exercises. Try some modals on your own. We can talk about them tomorrow.

 

 

 

Thursday

·      Quiz noun clauses

·      Return Test#4- paragraph about “RSoNS”

·      Begin adjective clauses – last kind of clause

·      Begin “The Wise Woman of Corboda”

 

 

 

Modals/ Modal Auxiliaries

Modals are auxiliaries verbs that are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, invitation, permission, necessity, or requests. Below is a list of the most useful modals and their most common meanings:

 

auxiliary – extra  AUX

 

Modal        Meaning                               Example

can             to express ability                  I can speak English very well.

can             to request permission           Can I go to Foundations 4?

could         to express possibility           I could help you tomorrow.

may           to express possibility           I may be late for class.

may           to request permission           May I take the test again, please?

might         to express possibility           She might call you later.

must          to express obligation            I must leave at 4 o’clock.

must          to express strong belief        You must be kidding!

should       to give advice                       You should go to the doctor.

will            to show future                      I will not takee my car today.

would        to request or offer                Would you prefer a tea or coffee?

would        in if-sentences                      If I were you, I would complain.

shall –        used very rarely, too formal “Let take our ten-minute break,

shall we?”

Japanese movie, remade in English “Shall We Dance?”

“Shall we ダンス?

 

There are also two and three-word modals such as had better, have to, ought to, used to, be able to, be going to, be supposed to, and have got to.  However, most anything you want to say can be expressed with a one-word modal.

The grammar is like this: modal + infinitive without ‘to’

e.g.   can + to eat

The teenager can eat three slices of pizza.

will + to finish

The builders will finish the project by early December.

have to + to call

Maria has to call her sister about the party.

be supposed to + to go

John is supposed to go to the party, but he might be too busy.

 

 

 

can + another verb

can + infinitive –‘to’

can + to run

can run

I can run. You can run. YThe dog can run. Your grandmother can run.

modal verb do not change with the subject

 

I run. You run. She runs.

 

 

Two-word modals

had better – strong ‘should’

You should stop smoking. You had better stop smoking.-stronger

 

have to – must

You have to get to work on time.

The Grade 10 students have to study more than they did in Grade 9.

 

ought to – should

I ought to call my sister. I haven’t spoken with her in several years.

 

used to- did in the past, not now, no one-word equivalent

Sarah used to do yoga, but now she is too busy with family and work.

Bhin used to live in Thailand, but she has been in Canada for many years.

Mei used to travel a lot , but not so much in the last few years due to Covid.

 

LOOK SIMILAR, DIFFERENT MEANINGS

MODAL used to- did in the past, no longer do

NOT A MODAL get/be used to- feel comfortable, be familair with

 

Shirin didn’t like Vancouver at first, but then she got used to it.

Jes gets up early every morning. He doesn’t mind. He is used to getting up early.

Dave is not used to trying different kinds of food. He is picky/fussy/choosy.

 

Three-word modals

be able to- can

She is not able to come to the meeting tomorrow.

She can’t come to the meeting tomorrow.

 

be going to- will

*I cannot teach the difference between ‘will’ and ‘be going to’.

We are going to V

We are going to visit our friend who lives in Penticton.

 

be supposed to – should/must, obligation, your responsibility

I was supposed to get some dog food, but I forgot.

I am supposed to put my stuff in storage today.

I am supposed to work today.

 

have got to- very strong ‘must’

You have got to take your medication on time.

I have to pick up my son after school.

I have got to eat breakfast, or I will feel faint.

You have got to check your stove before you leave your place.

 

Exercises: Choose appropriate modals for each:

1.    I didn’t feel very well yesterday.  I couldn’t/didn’t eat anything.

2.    You should/must look at me when I am talking to you.

3.    I was using my pencil a minute ago.  It must/has to be here somewhere!

4.    You really _____ be late again.

5.    If you don’t start working harder, you _____ repeat the course next year.

6.    Phone her now.  She _____ be home by now.

7.    You _____ forget your sunscreen.  It’s going to be very hot!

8.    I _____ be able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.

9.    Mozart _____ play the piano beautifully as a child.

10. I really _____ try to get fit.

11. _____ I take a photograph of you?

12. Students _____ borrow up to 15 books at any time.

13. Whose bag is this?  I don’t know, but it _____ belong to Yuta.

14. _____ I go to the bathroom, please?

15. His excuse _____ be true, but I don’t believe it.

16. _____ you speak French?  Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty good.

17. _____ you help me move this table?

18. I _____ help you, but I don’t want to.

19. _____ you open the window, please.

20. I _____ move the table.  It was too heavy.

21. You _____ eat so much chocolate.  It’s not good for you.

22. I’m afraid I _____ play tennis tomorrow.  I’ve got a dentist appointment.

23. You can come to the meeting if you want but you _____.

 

 

 

 

Quiz on noun clauses

A think, realize, understand, say, forget, know

B that, how, why- You choose

VOCAB – restaurant, flavour, spice, invite, prepare, reason

 

Write a sentence with a noun clause for each.

Example:

1.    think restaurant

My family thinks that White Spot is a good restaurant.

 

 

Talking game:

“Back and Forth A&B” 1.3, 1.4

 

 

rock / lock

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