Monday Agenda
·
Attendance
·
Collect rest of “Questionnaire”
·
“Correction Codes”
·
Return practice paragraph
Go over format and content
·
Continue colearner introductions
·
Continue overview of sentence types
·
Listening exercises
Tuesday
·
Begin simple sentence work
Prepare for Quiz #1
THIS WEEK
Test#1
Quiz#1
Begin compound sentences
“Correction Codes”
art
Maria bought new bicycle. FIX Maria bought a/the new
bicycle.
cap
i live in vancouver. FIX I live in Vancouver.
agr
He go to school by bus. FIX He goes to school by bus.
vt- verb tense
I live in Vancouver. I lived in Tehran for 20 years.
vf- verb form
She was go to work yesterday. FIX She went to work yesterday.
wf
Canada is a freedom(noun) country. FIX Canada is a free(adj)
country.
wo
He has a dog brown.
FIX He has a brown dog.
#
There are two person in my family. FIX There are two people
in my family.
EXAMPLES
Pizza is great for fussy children.
VOCAB- fussy- likes to complain, especially about food
capitals- country, culture, proper nouns
I love Persian food. My favourite is kebab. They make is in
Afghanistan too.
I love olivia.
It is easy to make.
easy to V
The math is easy to do. The math is not easy to do.
iphones are easy to use. They are hard to fix.
English is not easy for me to understand.
It is easy to read but hard to write.
hard/difficult(a) difficulty(n)
Tennis is a hard game to play. Tennis is a difficult game to
play.
She has difficulty walking. She has hardness walking.
He has difficulty talking with strangers. talking-
gerund, noun
hardness(n)- how physically hard somehting is, i.e. wood,
rock, stone, bone
It depends on what you prefer. noun clause
It depends on your preference (n).
My preference is to go to Hawaii for vacation.
I will follow your wishes.
We have a lot to learn. We have the opportunity to make great
progress in the next eight weeks. That’s exciting!
Practice paragraph- not for marks
Use lined ruled paper.
Doublespace.
Margins.
Name and class.
Phones and devices put away.
What is your favourite food?
Test# 1 We will write a paragraph for Test #1 in a couple
days, maybe probably Wednesday. I’ll tell you tomorrow. It will be an
easy topic.
**Continue colearner introductions**
She was a tailor in Saskatchewan.
seamstress (old-fashioned)
sew- stitch using needle and thread
knit- ball of yarn, knitting needles
needlepoint
crochet
These activities can help people who have anxiety. It helps
them to relax.
She plays cards. He plays poker. I play cribbage.
He plays soccer/football.
football – two different games
She came here one and a half years ago.
She likes doing photography.
He is a photographer.
He takes photographs.
sisters/brothers - siblings
She worked for ten years as a teacher.
She worked for ten years in an export company.
simple present She worked
for ten years as a teacher.
past perfect She had worked
for ten years as a teacher.
past perfect- rarely used, grammar book English, substitute
simple past
**Break until 10:36**
EF 4 5
EF6,7 HIGHER LEVEL
You are probably already
experienced with English.
We will learn the fundamental
sentences styles that we use everyday. If this is new to you, let’s learn a lot
about sentences. Even if you already know about them, I still have some new
things to teach you.
Full review of the three sentence
types: very important, very useful, very practical, everyday usage
We study sentences so that we can
use them in your real life- school, work, social life, business, and on the
street.
CHAT SLANG IRL- in real life
Quick overview of sentence types
1.SIMPLE SENTENCES
2.COMPOUND SENTENCES
3.COMPLEX SENTENCES
HIGHER LEVEL 4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES(mix
of 2 and 3)
99% of the time, these three
sentence types will allow to write anything you want.
If you want to write and speak well
in English, this is what you want to do.
**
Side Note: I had a small business
where I did editing for university students, mostly nurses and nursing
students. What I did is read their essays and papers and then edit their
writing. I used almost exclusively simple, compound, and complex sentences.
ANOTHER SIDE NOTE: Every year on Tuesday
nights (5-6pm) from November-January, I do an Advanced Sentence Structure
Tutorial on Zoom. This is aimed at upper-level students who want to polish
their sentence writing. Feel free to join my Zoom tutorial.
No homework. No assignments. No
mark.
Check my blog in mid-October for
the Zoom link.
ChatGPTand phones translators are
crutches. They are not the solution to the English problem.
It is a tool, but not a solution.
QUICK PREVIEW- I will go into
detail in ensuing classes.
THESE ARE THE SENTENCE TYPES:
1. SIMPLE SENTENCE – one main clause,
one independent clause
Clause – group of words with a
subject and a verb (SV)
one main clause, one independent
clause = SV,
a complete idea, one idea, a
sentence by itself
independent- self-contained
clause = a group of verbs with a subject
and a verb
Subject+Verb, S+V
SIMPLE SENTENCE S=subject V=verb
S+V “It is sunny.” It is sunny.
one underline for subject
two underlines for verb
SV “It is partially sunny.” It
is partially sunny. rainy- adjective
SV “Today is cold.” Today is cold.
SV “The dog likes apples.”
partial(adj) part(n)
IMPORTANT: Don’t forget a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence.
Don’t forget a period at the end of the sentence.
Different styles of simple
sentence:
-SV
The sky is blue.
-SSV subject subject verb
You and I are talking on
the phone.
-SVV “The dog is sleeping and is snoring.”
-SVVV (probably the maximum)
The kids are running, yelling, and eating.
-SSSV (probably the maximum)
Joe, Sarah, and Maria love dancing.
dancing(gerund, noun)
Joe, Sarah, and Maria are dancing.
dancing(verb)
-SSVV
The old man and his granddaughter
go to the park and play on the swings.
teetor-totter, seesaw
slide
Basic structures: SV SSV SVV SSVV
Another style of simple sentence:
-Imperative, command sentence –
tell somebody to do something
“Come
in.” “Watch out.” “Sit down.” “Open the window, please.”
no subject “You come in.”
implied subject, don’t say ‘you’
“(You) Come in, please.”
Everybody understands that ‘you’ is the subject.
make it sound polite – please
IDIOM the magic word. What’s the
magic word?
My way of using commas with
‘please’ (fairly common):
Come in, please. comma
Please come in. no comma
Wash the dishes, please. WITH
COMMA – sounds good
Please wash the dishes.
-interrogative sentence – question,
interrogate (ask questions)
“What are you doing?”
“What time is it?”
“Where did you park the car?”
“How long have you been here?”
present perfect
REVIEW OF SIMPLE SENTENCES:
SV SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative Interrogative
SV SV – two simple sentences in a row, connected together
with coordinating conjunctions
7 coordinating conjunctions in English- FANBOYS
mnemonic (memory aid) for and nor but or
yet so
mnemonic pronunciation (new mon ic) Greek word?
English is a primarly a mix of Latinate languages, Greek, and
Germanic languages
Latinate – Spanish, French, Italian
Latin – ancient language from Italy
any word one syllable – Anglo Saxon word
plumber – Gr
pneumonia – Gr
mnemonic
lagubrious -latin – sad
MY OPINION: FANBOYS – not that helpful, several are not used often
in compound
FANBOYS
*for – used very rarely in compound
sentences
Sarah is wearing a hat today, for it is cold. not common usage
Sarah is wearing a hat today because it is cold. complex – more authentic
Forget about ‘for’. People don’t talk that way.
‘for’ is used in other ways
Here is a gift for you. simple, not compound
*and – very often used
Michelle bought
a new coat, and it is very
nice. compound
*nor – not commonly used in compound sentences, nobody says
‘nor’
Dave does not speak Farsi, nor does he speak Arabic. very unusual,
formal
Dave does not speak Farsi or Arabic. simple sentence, authentic
English
*but – used all the time
It is
sunny today, but it is supposed
to rain tomorrow.
*or – very commonly used
You can go to the party, or you can stay home.
*yet – not commonly used in compound sentences
It is cold, yet we are going for a walk. weirdly formal
It is cold, but we are going for a walk. more authentic- real
sounding English
SIMPLE SENTENCE Are you finished, yet?
*so – used all the time in compound sentences
Maria is tired, so she will take a nap.
My suggestion:
FANBOYS – F N Y not useful
‘for’ ‘nor’ ‘yet’ not used very often in compound sentences,
low-frequency usage, ignore them for the most part
We are left with these: SOBA so or but and
mnemonic- SOBA
most useful, high-frequency usage: SOBA so or but and
We use these every day, all day long.
e.g.
so
It is sunny today. We will go to the beach. 2 simple sentences
It is sunny today, so we will go to the beach. 1 compound sentence
or
He can stay home. He can go to the party. 2 simple sentences
He can stay home, or he can go to the party. 1 compound sentence
but
She likes dogs. He likes cats. 2 simple sentences
She likes dogs, but he likes cats. 1 compound sentence
and
It is sunny today. It will be sunny tomorrow. 2 simple sentences
It is sunny today, and it will be sunny tomorrow. 1
compound sentence
soba- japanese buckwheat noodles
Near Chinatown: https://theramenbutcher.com/
EXAMPLES OF ‘SOBA” IN COMPOUND SENTENCES
It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.
You can come to school, or you can go to work.
I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.
Joan likes hiking, and she also likes skiing.
, so ,or ,but
,and
Next level of compound sentences:
; semicolon – looks professional,
high-status, looks smart
; substitute for , so , or
, but , and
It is raining, so we can’t
play soccer.
It is raining; we can’t
play soccer.
You can come to school, or
you can go to work.
You can come to school; you
can also go to work.
“I like chocolate, but I
don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t
eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking, and she
likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; she
likes skiing.
Looks great! Your choice- casual,
fancier
Next next level of compound
sentences: high for EF4
This way, with transitional terms,
sounds better.
therefore however
also nevertheless moreover
furthermore
I will give you about 20
transitonal words. You can focus on learning those- that’s enough for EF5.
OPTIONS FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES
“It is raining, so we can’t
play soccer.”
“It is raining; we can’t
play soccer.”
“It is raining; therefore, we
can’t play soccer.” Sounds great!
“You can come to school, or you
can go to work.”
“You can come to school;
you can also go to work.”
“You can come to school;
alternatively, you can go to work.”
“You can come to school; on the
other hand, you can go to work.”
“On one hand, you can come
to school; on the other hand, you can go to work.”
on the other hand- two choices
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat
it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t eat it
everyday.”
“I like chocolate; however,
I don’t eat it everyday.” compound
Which way do you like?
ANOTHER OPTION “I like chocolate. However,
I don’t eat it everyday.” 2 simple sentences
You can still use the transitional
terms even if if you don’t use semicolons.
I like chocolate; however,
I don’t eat it everyday. 1 compound
I like chocolate. However,
I don’t eat it everyday. 2 simple sentences
Joan likes hiking, and she
likes skiing. Most common 99%
Joan likes hiking; she
likes skiing.
Joan likes hiking; also,
she likes skiing. Sounds smarter, college
Joan likes hiking. Also, she likes
skiing.
COMMON ERROR
“Joan likes hiking, also,
she likes skiing.” XXX comma doesn’t go there- not strong enough, has to be ;
Make up your sentences according
to the situation.
This is all about your choice. I
want you to have choices.
1. SIMPLE SENTENCES
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative(command) Interrogative(question)
2. COMPOUND , FANBOYS , SOBA- much more useful
;
semicolon
;
therefore, TRANSITIONAL TERMS
3. COMPLEX SENTENCES a. adverb clauses
b. noun clauses
c. adjective clauses
a. adverb clauses – because if
when unless until after before although, even if, etc
We will do about 20.
“Sarah doesn’t want to talk to
Maria because they had an argument.”
main clause adverb clause no comma
“Because Sarah and Maria had an
argument, Sarah doesn’t want to talk
to her.”
adverb clause main clause comma
“We won’t go to the beach if
it rains.” main clause adverb clause
“If it rains, we won’t
go to the beach.” adverb clause main clause
** IMPORTANT POINT: You always
need a SV. If you don’t have a SV for each clause, you will likely run into
trouble. Special case: imperative
Sit down. You sit down.
implied subject
My sister lives in Vancouver and works in a store. SIMPLE
My sister lives in Vancouver, and she works in a store. COMPOUND
My sister lives in Vancouver; she works in a store. COMPOUND
My sister lives in Vancouver; also, she works in a store. COMPOUND
When my sister lived in Vancouver, she worked in a store. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
My sister lived in Vancouver when she worked in the store. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
My sister lived in Vancouver; at the same time, she worked in the store. COMPOUND
b. noun clauses – brain, tongue
A. brain- think, believe, know, guess,
understand, imagine, remember, forget, etc.
tongue- say, whisper, state, yell, remind, claim, argue, etc.
B. that why how
Take a verb from the A group and join it with a word from the B
group to make a noun clause.
A think
B that
“Mohammed thinks that he should call his brother.”
A think
B how
He thought about how she could fix her car.
A believe
B that
“The little girl believes that there is a monster in her
closet.”
A say
B that
“Maria said that we need more printer paper.”
A.tell B.why
“Junko didn’t tell us why she quit her job.”
A know B how
“I don’t know how
I can fix my car.”
“I don’t know how
to fix my car.” More common- different pattern
“I don’t know how can I fix my car.” XXX
How can I fix my car? SIMPLE SENTENCE - interrogative
“I don’t know how I can
fix my car.”
I know how I can succeed in my life.
wonder
what
I wonder what she is doing right now.
c. adjective clauses – describe nouns, use ‘who that which’
who-people
that-things, animals
which- special things, unique things
“Fatima’s neighbour, who is 86 years old, still lives on
her own.”
“Marta has some nice boots that she got from a fancy store in
Tokyo.”
“Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a huge ancient
city”
- commas around
adjective clauses – complicated
- other words less important: ‘whom’ ‘whose’ ‘where’
COMPOUND COMPLEX
e.g. Mei loves to eat chocolate,
but Junko doesn’t like it because she is allergic to it.
I don’t want to go to the party,
but you should go if you want to.
Overview – Over the next 4-5
weeks, I will teach these sentences styles to you in great detail. If you learn
these styles, you will be able to do anything that you want in written English:
school, job, life, writing.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
HIGHER LEVEL- COMPOUND COMPLEX
If you are willing to come with me
on this journey through English sentences, let’s do it! We all will learn a
lot. Ready to go?
**Simple sentence exercises**
1. cat
sleep
SV His cat sleeps on its/his chair. It
sleeps all day long.
SSV The dog and cat sleep in their beds.
SVV The cat is sleeping and snoring/twitching.
Interrogative Where does your cat sleep?
Interrogative Does your cat sleep on your
bed?
2. laugh
joke
He laughed when she told a joke.
COMPLEX-adv cl
They were joking and laughing together. SVV
He laughed at her joke. SV
Noone laughed at my joke. SV
Finish some of these for homework. We can share our
sentences in class tomorrow.
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