Thursday, 19 September 2024

EF45 Class 13

 

 

 

thrive(v)- grow healthily, have success, develop

Mei is thriving at her new job.

 

IDIOM the odds- chance of success

The odds are good that she will get the job. She has job skills, and the interview went well.

The odds are not good that he will get into medical school.

Odds/Chances are Jun will stay in Vancouver.

The odds of winning a lottery are very low.

The odds of her getting into Langara are good.

Jun has a good chance of passing Math 12. She is keeping on her work.

Odds are she was pass Math 12.

Odds are my son will stay at Cap U for the next few years.

 

A piece of grass growing out of a crack in the concrete is my teacher.

 

Butter- dog

-loves people

-very friendly

Feel free to pat him or scratch his ears.

He is nine years old. Neverthless, he has the heart of a puppy.

He is very gentle.

 

REMINDER: Everything on this screen is posted to the blog everyday.

haleyshec.blogspot.com

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Continue compound sentences

·      Continue vocab exercises

·      Prepare for Test#2 tomorrow- paragraph on an everyday topic

Review structure and content of a paragraph.

·      HW   Review “Paragraph Structure and Format”

Practice compound sentences

 

Friday

·      Continue compound sentences

Prepare for Quiz#2 Monday

·      Continue verb tenses

·      Continue “Job Interview” dialogue

·      Continue vocab exercises

·      “Self-Assessment Reflection”

·      Test#2- pass in paragraph (last 50m)

 

Monday

·      Quiz#2- compound sentences

 

 

SENTENCE TYPES- COMPOUND SENTENCES

 

 

-SIMPLE SENTENCES

SV

SSV

SVV

SSVV

Imperative

Interrogative

 

 

-Compound sentences

two simple sentences joined together

 

SV, SOBA SV.

, SOBA , so   , or   , but   , and

 

Most teachers teach FANBOYS.

seven coordinating conjunctions:  for and nor but or yet so

e.g. neither nor- rarely used

 

SOBA - much more useful   so   or   but    and

-         high frequency words- words that we use a lot

 

EXAMPLES:

,so

He forgot his credit card, so he had to pay cash.

He forgot his credit card. He had to pay cash. JOIN THEM TOGETHER

cash- folding money, bills, SLANG scratch

Most people pay with plastic. I’ll pay with plastic.

Debit, please. Mastercard, please. I’ll pay cash.

 

 

bill – at a restaurant Could I have the bill, please.

We have to pay our phone bill. statement-business language

 

He forgot his credit card. He had to pay cash. 2 SIMPLE SENT

He forgot his credit card, so he had to pay cash. 1 COMPOUND SENT

 

She pays cash for everything.

She pays in cash for everything.

cash- folding money, green, bills

 

There are billions of dollars of counterfeit American money all over the world.

VOCAB counterfeit- fake, not real

I have a Rolex, but it is counterfeit. COMPOUND SENTENCE

I have a Gucci wallet. It is counterfeit. It is spelled Guci.

People can be fake. They are two-faced. You cannot trust them.

two-faced(adj)-

 

She had a wad of cash in her purse. She used to carry a lot of cash.

 

wallet- small

handbag, purse- over the shoulder handle

backpack- two shoulder straps

clutch- small handheld purse, more formal

satchel, carry-all, messenger bag

briefcase- hard business case for papers, lawyers, maybe made of leather

 

,or – choice, two options

She will go to the party, or she will stay home.

You can have some ice cream, or you can have some chocolate. COMPOUND SENT SV, or SV   comma

You can have some ice cream or some chocolate. SIMPLE SV  no comma

You can have some ice cream, or you can have some chocolate. COMPOUND SV, or SV.

 

,but

Maria wants to stay home, but she has an appointment.

I like dogs, but she likes cats.

You want to learn English, but it is hard.

I like running, but she likes swimming.

I am from Iran, but now I am living in Canada.

I have a job, but I want a second job.

Maris plans to go hiking, but her daugher wants to stay (at) home.

Shelley bought a new dress, but it is too small.

Moe likes to live in Vancouver, but the rent is very high.

rent- shorter term, month to month

lease- longer term agreement

He rented a car when he went to Calgary for three days.

She leases a car for her business.

I am studying English, but she learns is learning French.

I want to use my computer, but I forgot my password.

I like to live in Vancouver, but I miss my hometown.

He wants to read a new topic, but it is not a new idea. Meaning?

 

,and

Maris loves flowers, and she grows them in her garden.

We went for a bike ride, and then we had lunch.

My first walk in Vancouver was in Stanley park, and I loved it.

She likes apples, and she likes pears. COMPOUND

She likes apples and pears. SIMPLE

 

COMPOUND SENTENCES:

SV, SOBA SV.  SOBA so or but and

 

Let’s practice. Let’s a write a few sentences from our own imagination using , SOBA.

 

She likes to drive, so she got a used car.

like to drive    like driving

like + infinitive(verb) to go   to sleep

like + gerund(noun- ing)  going sleeping

 

She likes to get enough sleep, so she sleeps goes to bed at 10PM.

 

 

so- give reason

or- choice

but- opposite

and- addition

 

 

Example of compound sentences using , SOBA:

I have a headache, so I go to a pharmacy.

headache, stomachache, earache, backache, toothache, neckache

 

I have tight muscles in my shoulder, so I have to put some heat and cold on it.

Charliehorse- an extremely painful muscle cramp

 

She is exhausted, so she will have a long hot bubble bath.

She is very friendly, so she has a lot of friends.

 

I slept wrong, and my neck is very stiff.

She can’t move her neck, so she has to go the chiropractor.

She slept on her arm, and now she has pins and needles.

IDIOM pins and needles

 

He got a cramp in his leg when he was swimming.

She got a charliehorse in her calf.

IDIOM charleyhorse – cramp

I got a charleyhorse when I was biking.

 

tingle- light, small feeling

pins and needles – very strong feeling

 

your funny bone-

She hit her funny bone and dropped her coffee.

 

alot XXX

a lot, lots

 

 

Basic model of compound sentences:

SV, SOBA SV.

I wanted to walk, but it started raining, so I stayed at home and relaxed.

FIX

I wanted to walk, but it started raining. Therefore, I stayed at home and relaxed.

 

. period, fullstop

 

SV, SOBA SV, SOBA, SV.

 

OUR MODEL: SV, SOBA SV.

 

SV, or SV. option between two things

You can sit down, or you stand up.

You can take a break, or you keep working.

Do you want a cup of tea, or do you want a cup of coffee?

Do you want a cup of tea or coffee? SIMPLE

You have to pay the house rent, or you have to vacate the premises.

leave the house- vacate the premises

You can do your homework, or you can play basketball.

You can buy some pizza, or you can make some eggs for dinner.

You can watch TV, or you can go outside.

 

 

SECOND WAY TO MAKE COMPOUND SENTENCES

; semicolon

He forgot his credit card, so he had to pay cash. SOBA

He forgot his credit card; he had to pay cash.

, so = ;

 

Maris loves flowers, and she grows them in her garden. 1 compound

Maris loves flowers, so she grows them in her garden. 1 compound

 

You need the comma for ,SOBA.

Maris loves flowers so she grows them in her garden. XXX

Maris loves flowers, so she grows them in her garden.

 

We have options.

Maris loves flowers; she grows them in her garden. 1 compound

Maris loves flowers. She grows them in her garden. 2 simples

 

 

 

THIRD WAY TO MAKE COMPOUND SENTENCES

; TRANS, transitional word/term

He forgot his credit card; therefore, he had to pay cash.

She will go to the party; alternatively, she will stay home with her family.

Maria wants to stay home; however, she has an appointment.

 

RW as , SOBA

He forgot his credit card, so he had to pay cash.

She will go to the party, or she will stay home with her family.

Maria wants to stay home, but she has an appointment.

 

RW as SIMPLE SENTENCES

He forgot his credit card. He had to pay cash.

She will go to the party. She will stay home with her family.

Maria wants to stay home. She has an appointment.

 

I like dogs but she likes cats. XXX

I like dogs, but she likes cats.

TALKING , comma—small pause

 

 

Maris loves flowers; in fact, she grows them in her garden. 1 compound

Jun plays soccer; also, he plays badminton.

 

**

These sentence models will always work. You can rely on them.

**

 

“Introduction to Transitional Terms”

Which ones do you know already?

Which ones do you kind of know?

Which one are new to you?

 

 

Three MODELS FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES

SOBA          I like dogs, but she likes cats.

;                   I like dogs; she likes cats.   ; semicolon

; TRANS,     I like dogs; however, she likes cats.  transitional term

 

COMMON ERRORS

I like dogs, however, she likes cats. XXX

I like dogs, but she likes cats.

 

EXAMPLE:

I am afraid of dogs, and my friend is,too.

I am afraid of dogs; my friend is, too.

I am afraid of dogs; also, my friend is afraid.

REDUNDANT also  too

 

PUNCTUATION DETAIL  , too.

She loves dogs, too. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR- copying what you see in books, magazines, newspapers

HIGHER LEVEL WRITING STYLE *Comma usage is very personal. Beyond the basic rules, comma usage can vary from writer to writer.

 

Best book I have found for high-level writing style: university level

Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace by Joseph M. Williams and Joseph Bizup

 

COMMA USAGE WITH TRANS

We want to go to the beach; however, it is overcast.

VOCAB overcast-cloudy, but not raining, gloomy

One exception- then

We went to the party; then we went home. No comma. No reason.

We went to the party; then, we went home. TINY MISTAKE

 

The US election will happen in a month, however ; however, most Americans believe that Trump will win.

The US election will happen in a month, however ; however, most Americans believe that Trump will win.

 

I want to talk with a dangerous man, his name is Tony; I want to involve the police.

FIX

I want to talk with a dangerous man whose name is Tony; I want to involve the police.

I have a dog whose name is Butter.

 

I like to go the park; however, it is raining.

FIX

I like to go to the park; however, it is raining.

like to go- SIMPLE PRESENT- every day, all the time

is raining- PRESENT PROGRESSIVE- right now

 

I want to go to the park; however, it is raining.

He likes to watch movies. usually, always

He wants to watch a movie. right now

He’d like to watch a movie. right now   he would like to watch

he’d like = he would like

 

He will buy a new car despite NOUN.

He will buy a new car despite not having any money. gerund

He will buy a new car althouhg he doesn’t have any money. COMPLEX SENT- ADVERB CLAUSE- next week

 

, SOBA

; TRANS,

 

You love pets; on the contrary, I am scared of animals. COMPOUND-higher level

You love pets, but I am scared of animals. COMPOUND- simpler

Choose the level of where you are now. Don’t forget to improve.

 

 

**NOTE: A simple writing style can be attractive to readers.

e.g. Ernest Hemingway,

On the flip side, there are wonderful writers who write long ornate sentences. e.g. Charles Dickens.

 

Swimming is good exercise; for example, swimming can reduce your stress and strengthen your heart and lungs.

VOCAB wf-word form

strong(adj) strength(n) strengthen(v)

She lifts weight in order to strengthen her muscles.

He talks to people everyday to strengthen his speaking skills.

 

 

Let’s look at some of the transitional words.

*in contrast

White rice is not very nutritious; in contrast, buckwheat is filled with vitamins, fibre, and mineral.

 

buckwheat noodles= soba noodles

Some people like their noodles al dente.

al dente- not soft

dente- tooth

 

Enough talk! Let’s do!

 

 

ANOTHER OPTION FOR USING TRANSITIONSAL WORDS

I like dogs. However, she likes cats. 2 SIMPLE SENTENCES

 

*You don’t have a semicolon. You can use a period and a capital letter.

 

 

 

SV ; TRANS, SV.

Some people are a little uncertain about using semicolons. I will show exactly what to do and how to use them.

, SOBA – Which transitional terms can we use instead of SOBA.

 

CONSEQUENCE

, so  

; as a result,   ; consequently,   ; therefore,

e.g. She worked late yesterday, so she is tired today.

She worked late yesterday; therefore, she is tired today.

She worked late yesterday; consequently, she is tired today.

She worked late yesterday; as a result, she is tired today.

OTHER OPTIONS THAT YOU PICK UP LATER

She worked late yesterday; thus, she is tired today.

She worked late yesterday; for that reason, she is tired today.

She worked late yesterday; accordingly, she is tired today.

 

 

CHOICE

, or  

; on the other hand,   ; alternatively,

She can stay home, or she can go to the party.

She can stay home; alternativelty, she can go to the party.

 

CONTRAST

, but 

; on the contrary,   ; however,   ; in contrast,

I want to go to the beach, but I don’t have enough time.

I want to go to the beach; on the contrary, I don’t have enough time.

I want to go to the beach; however, I don’t have enough time.

 

ADDITION

, and  

; also,   ; furthermore,   ; in addition,

Jess loves to go skiing, and she also loves hiking.

Jess loves to go skiing; also, she also loves hiking.

Jess loves to go skiing; in addition, she loves hiking.

 

SECRET TEACHER: ChatGPT

This is wonderful tool for you to use.

https://chatgpt.com/

 

There are lots of resources for job hunting.

 

 

Continue “Academic Vocabulary Exercise 1”

5.naked,nude

6.entirely

7.upgrade  She upgraded her phone.

He upgraded his English skills.

Mei upgraded her position in the office.

8.roam We like to roam around the park.

Roma roams around Rome.

9.appetite  She has an appetite for knowledge.

Pregnant women have cravings.

I have a craving for soba noodles.

appetizer- small dish before your main course

10.outraged(adj) outrageous(adj)

Trump says outrageous things about immigrants to the US.

11.goofy(adj)

Goofy is a cartoon dog.

Mickey Mouse is creepy to me.

12.

 

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