Good afternoon, everyone.
Today’s agenda
·
Collect Test#1 RW
·
REMINDER – Replacement Test#1 on Friday
Same topic- PLOs Different questions
Paragraphs (150-250ww)
·
Continue compound sentences
·
Continue paragraph work- practice paragraph planning
writing
Thursday
·
Return Quiz#1- simple sentences
Go over
Optional review, bonus point
·
Continue compound sentences
Share the sentences from HW
·
Continue paragraph work- topic sentences
Friday
·
Continue compound sentences
Quiz Monday
Choose vocab
·
Song lyric exercise
·
Optional retry of Test #1 (last 60m of class)
·
HW
Monday
·
Quiz#2- compound sentences
·
Sentence
styles:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
*SIMPLE SV
SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative (command) Question (interrogative)
SIMPLE
SENTENCES
It
is overcast today. We will go for a walk on the beach. 2 SIMPLE
SENTENCES
VOCAB
overcast(adj)- cloudy
*COMPOUND
– two simple sentences, join then together into one
It
is sunny today. JOIN We will go for a walk on the beach.
How
do you join them together?
FANBOYS
– 7 coordinating conjunctions used for compound sentences
FANBOYS
– for and nor but or yet so
FANBOYS for and nor but or
yet so mnemonic, memory
device
TRUTH , FANBOYS not realistic, not that useful, not
authentic English
In
compound sentences: for nor yet rarely used in compound sentences by
English speakers
-taught
in grammar books, but not often used by native English speakers
-for
Maria
is going to carry her umbrella, for it is going to rain.
VERY
UNUSUAL, sounds like a grammar book, doesn’t sound like a real English speaker
MORE
LIKELY: Maria is going to carry her umbrella because it is going to
rain. COMPLEX SENT, ADVERB CLAUSE- will learn next week
because/since/as
-nor Joan does not like dogs, nor does she like
cats. VERY UNUSUAL, NOT AUTHENTIC
ENGLISH, like a grammar book
MORE
LIKELY: Joan does not like dogs or cats. SIMPLE
You
probably studied ‘neither...nor’. We don’t talk like that.
“either
… or” – occasionally , not often
You
can either get a new video game or a new pair of sneakers for your birthday.
-yet It is cloudy today, yet it is still
warm. NOT AUTHENTIC, SOUNDS WEIRDLY FORMAL
MORE
LIKELY: It is overcast today, but it is still warm. AUTHENTIC
‘yet’
Are you finished yet? Have you had your supper yet?
NOT A
COMPOUND SENTENCE, SIMPLE SENTENCE
I
didn’t do it yet.
SV ,
yet SV. XXX
MY
ADVICE: Forget about ‘for’, ‘nor’, and ‘yet’ for compound sentences.
FANBOYS
SOBA
Forget
about FANBOYS. Use SOBA. so or but and New mnemonic
***These
are the ones we use: so or but and ***
**
soba
noodles- Japanese buckwheat noodles
When
you think about compound sentences, think about a delicious plate of yakisoba.**
Let’s
focus on SOBA.
Some teachers teach , FANBOYS. for
and nor but or yet so
for nor yet Not
commonly used
Why learn them if we don’t use them?
Focus on the four coordinating conjunctions
that we use all the time:
, SOBA
, so , or , but
, and
EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUND SENYENCE WITH SOBA:
It is
overcast today. We will go for a
walk on the beach.
It
is overcast today, SOBA we will go for a walk on the beach.
LOGICAL
CHOICE
It
is overcast today, but we will go for a walk on the beach.
It
is overcast today, so we will go for a walk on the beach. Strange
meaning- maybe you don’t like the sun
It
is overcast today, or we will go for a walk on the beach. XXX
ODD
CHOICE- NO CLEAR MEANING, NO CHOICE
We
will go shopping today, or we will go for a walk on the beach.
It
is overcast today, and we will go for a walk on the beach.
FINE-
NEUTRAL MEANING, ADDING INFORMATION
It
is overcast today, SOBA we will go for a walk on the beach.
It
is overcast today, but we will go for a walk on the beach.
It
is overcast today, but we will still go for a walk on the beach.
still-
adverb
English
is challenging, but still I still want to still keep
learning it.
Still,
she still lives at her old houses still.
**Adverbs
can usually be placed in differtent spots.
It
is overcast today, and we will go for a walk on the beach.
‘but’
seems to be the best choice
YOUR
CHOICE: SOBA
** FORM
FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES:
SV, SOBA SV.
The cat is asleep. The dog is awake. 2
simple sentences
The cat is asleep. JOIN The dog is awake.
Join with , SOBA.
The cat is asleep, and the dog is
awake. COMPOUND
The cat is asleep, but the dog is
awake. COMPOUND
*NOTE: You need the comma.
These are the details of punctuation.
Using SOBA will change your
meaning/intention. so or but and
He said yes, and she said no.
He said yes, but she said no. -showing
difference, contrast maybe conflict
He said yes, so she said no. -suggest
conflict, disagreement, ongoing issues
Dogs are social animals, so they like being
in groups. – cause and effect
BIG QUESTION
When do I use a comma?
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIMPLE AND COMPOUND
Mei loves
dark chocolate but hates white
chocolate. SIMPLE SVV
Mei loves
dark chocolate, but she hates
white chocolate. COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
SIMPLE-
Mei loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing.
SVV Mei loves to dance but doesn’t like
to sing.* SIMPLE
* no comma
Mei loves
to dance, but doesn’t like to sing. XXX
* no comma in simple sentence
REVIEW OF ,SOBA
, so
, or , but , and
-compound sentences
STRUCTURE: SV, SOBA SV.
COMPOUND SV, SOBA SV.
Mei loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to
sing.
Mei loves
to dance, but she doesn’t like to
sing.*
*need a comma
*Like two simple sentences put together.
Can you see the difference?
teeter
totter OR seesaw
Mei
loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE SVV
Mei
loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing. COMPOUND
Mei
loves to dance but doesn’t like to sing. SIMPLE
Mei
loves to dance, but she doesn’t like to sing. COMPOUND
Mei loves
to dance, but she doesn’t
like to sing.
Mei loves
to dance but doesn’t like to sing.
You want to have choice when you are writing.
Mike and John are heading to the school and chatting with each
other. SIMPLE SSVV
Mike and John are heading to the school, and they
are chatting with each COMPOUND SSV, and SV.
Ex 1
She loves to read books, and she also enjoys
writing stories.
She is a bookish person.
IDIOM pass with flying colours- excellent mark
pass by the skin of my teeth- low marks, but
still pass
He likes
soccer and volleyball. SIMPLE SV
He likes
soccer but loves volleyball. SIMPLE SVV
He likes
soccer, but he loves volleyball.
COMPOUND SV SV.
8. The concert was cancelled. It was raining
heavily.
The concert was cancelled because t was
raining heavily. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE
It was raining heavily, and/so the concert
was cancelled.
HOMEWORK
Write a few (2-3) sentences using , SOBA from
your own imagination. Email them to me by 7PM.
We will share them tomorrow. 1 HW pt
SV, SOBA SV.
HIGHER LEVEL OF COMPOUND SENTENCES ;
semicolon
Mei loves
to dance, but she doesn’t like
to sing.
Mei loves
to dance; she doesn’t like
to sing.
Mei loves
to dance; however, but she doesn’t
like to sing.
I will teach this later. For right now,
let’s focus on ,SOBA
SOURCE
OF CONFUSION
USING
COMMAS IN A LIST
The
little kid likes dogs, cats, fish and
turtles. SIMPLE
Commas
with a list:
The
little kid likes dogs, cats, fish and
turtles.
The
little kid likes dogs, cats, fish, and
turtles. the Oxford Comma- a little bit old-fashioned
The
little kid likes dogs, cats, fish and
turtles; she also loves birds, snakes and octopusses.
Your
choice:
She
lived in Canada, Japan and Chad.
She
lived in Canada, Japan, and Chad.
Let’s
try some exercises.
STEP
1 for compound sentences:
SIMPLE
SVV
I
like dark chocolate but hate white chocolate.
COMPOUND
SV, SOBA SV
I
love dark chocolate, but I hate white chocolate.
COMPOUND
SENTENCES
Example
of , SOBA.
REMINDER:
SOBA is an alternative to FANBOYS
SOBA , so
, or , but , and
* , so = give a reason
SV,
so SV.
Misha’s
son lives in Boston, so he is eager to visit him.
Janet
really wants a new violin, so she is saving up her money to buy one.
* , or = have a choice
SV,
or SV.
You
can work late tonight, or you can stay late tomorrow.
Sarah
will go dancing tomorrow night, or she
will stay home with her cat.
MY
ADVICE TO MY CHILDREN: You can work hard when you’re young, or you can work
hard when you’re old.
* ,
but = shows difference, contrast
Ling
loves to go hiking, but she doesn’t like cycling. SV, but SV.
I
like to visit the US, but I would not want to live there.
‘the
states’ ‘the US’ ‘America’
Her
uncle lives in the states.
New
York City- “the Big Apple”
Chicago-
“the Windy City”
Vancouver-
“Lotusland” “Raincouver”
* ,
and = add something
I
can get the cake, and you get the plates.
Sarah plays
volleyball, and Maria plays soccer.
Examples of compound sentences:
1.
Joe went to the store, and he bought some
milk/groceries.
Joe went to the store, but the store
was closed.
Joe went to the store, but he found
it closed.
Joe went to the store, so he got the
chocolate.
IDIOM: give your opinion- ‘find’
I
find it warm in here. In my opinion, the room is too warm.
Shira
found the curry spicy.
Ni
finds the people in Vancouver very nice.
Try a few.
SV, SOBA SV.
5. The pizza smells delicious, so I buy
some. WEIRD
The pizza smells delicious, so I bought
some. Vt OK
The pizza smells delicious, so I will buy some/a
slice/a piece.
The pizza smells delicious, so I will buy a
large.
The pizza smells delicious, but I won’t buy any.
The pizza smells delicious, and it looks
appetizing.
appetite- your desire to eat
appetizer- a small snack to get your
appetite going
She has a big appetite.
He lost his appetite after watching your brother
eat.
He lost his appetite when he got Covid.
She has a huge appetite for music.
Canadians have a big appetite for hockey.
drag
IDIOM drag(n)- disappointment(n)
My phone broke. What a drag!
I have to work every night this week. It’s
kind of a drag.
drag(v) pull something that is not easy to
pull I dragged my kids to the museum.
computer “drag and drop”
dress in drag- men dressing up like women,
women dressing up like men
COMPOUND SENTENCES
STEP 1 SV,
SOBA SV.
STEP 2 ; semicolons
; semi-half colon :
DIFFERENT FROM A
COLON:
: colon
; semicomma
XXX semicolon
semi- half
COLON : go on to give details
e.g.
Mei has two kids: a
boy and a girl.
Shira is taking
three classes: Chem101, Eng202 and Math204.
Junko has traveled
to many countries: Japan, China, Korea, and Malaysia.
You have two dogs:
a schnauzer and a beagle.
; semicolon
Mei likes
chocolate. Dave likes ice cream. TWO SIMPLES
Mei likes chocolate,
and Dave likes ice cream. COMPOUND , SOBA
Mei likes chocolate;
Dave likes ice cream. COMPOUND ;
, so REPLACE
;
, or REPLACE
;
, but REPLACE
;
, and
REPLACE ;
e.g. My bike is 15
years old, so I want to get a new one.
My bike is 15 years
old; I want to get a new one.
Jun’s bike is 15
years old; he wants to get a new one. ‘he’ no cap
Jun’s bike is 15
years old. He wants to get a new one. 2 simp with cap
Learning how to
write these will really help. You will feel confident.
STEP 3 ;
TRANSITIONAL TERMS
Mei likes reading;
Dave likes hiking.
Mei likes reading;
however, Dave likes hiking.
COMPOUND ; TRANS,
however therefore
also nevertheless alternatively besides
meanwhile in addition indeed
in fact in short in conclusion
for example consequently
OPTIONS/SUBSTITUTIONS
1. ,
but
2. ;
3. ;
however,
Mei wants to go to
the party, but she has to work tonight.
Mei wants to go to
the party; she has to work tonight.
Mei wants to go to
the party; however, she has to work tonight.
SO FAR- DIFFERENT SENTENCE
STYLES:
It is cloudy. It
isn’t raining. 2 SIMPLES
It is cloudy, but
it isn’t raining. 1 COMPOUND
It is cloudy; it
isn’t raining. 1 COMPOUND
It is cloudy;
however, it isn’t raining. 1 COMPOUND
SIMPLE SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
COMPOUND SV, SOBA
SV. SV; SV. SV; TRANS, SV.
**The point is, when you are writing in English, you should
make sure that the sentence that you are writing follows one of these patterns.
**We have to get the punctuation right ; however,
These are the punctuation marks that we have to know cold.
, commas
; semicolons
. periods We already
know.
3 ways to write a compound sentence:
Mei is tired, so she is having a coffee.
Mei is tired; she is having a coffee.
Mei is tired; therefore, she is having a coffee.
; therefore,
*** REPLACE SOBA WITH TRANSITIONAL WORDS***
transition – connections between two things
floor transition strip
Moving to Canada has been a big transition for me.
, SOBA – equivalent transitional terms
* , so = ; therefore,
Mei is tired, so she is having a coffee.
Mei is tired; therefore, she is having a coffee.
,so
; therefore,
*, or = ; alternatively, ; on the other hand,
The little kids can go play in
the park, or they can stay in and draw.
The little kids can go play in
the park; alternatively, they can stay in and draw.
At SHEC, you can do courses
in-person; alternatively, you can do self-paced courses.
*, but = ; however,
; nevertheless, ; nonetheless,
It is cloudy, but it isn’t raining.
It is cloudy; however, it isn’t raining.
I know my English is progressing; nevertheless, I try to speak
as much as I can.
OPTION WITHOUT A SEMICOLON
It is cloudy; however, it isn’t raining. COMPOUND
It is cloudy. However, it isn’t raining. TWO SIMPLE SENTENCES
I know my English is progressing; nevertheless, I try to speak
as much as I can.
AUTHENTIC CHOICE
I know my English is progressing. Nevertheless, I try
to speak as much as I can.
Exercise 2
1.
The cat ran away.
The cat ran away, and jumped into
the pool.
EDIT
The cat ran away and jumped into
the pool. SIMPLE
The cat ran away, and it jumped
into the pool. COMPOUND
The cat ran away; therefore, it
lost its way.
The cat ran away; however, it
came back home.
YOUR EXAMPLES:
The cat ran away, so I chased
after it.
The cat ran away, and it caught a
rat/mouse.
I love ice cream, and I love
candy. COMPOUND
I love ice cream and candy.
SIMPLE SV
I love ice cream, so I order
chocolate (ice cream).
, SOBA
;
;TRANS,
The movie was long; therefore, the people/audience were
bored.
The movie was long; however, he insisted on watching it.
spectators- watching sports
boring/bored
boring – the things itself
bored- your emotion,feeling
interesting/interested
fascinating/fascinated
amazing/amazed
astonishing/astonished
disappointing/disappointed
surprising/surprised
tiring/tired
Taking care of little kids is tiring; you are/feel tired.
exhausting/exhausted
She was exhausted after work; she was wiped out.
She was dog-tired. He was bone-tired. She was out of gas.
My battery is dead.
The movie was long; therefore, the people/audience were
bored.
COMMON ERROR
He likes playing soccer, however he broke his ankle. PUNC
He likes playing soccer; however, he broke his ankle
*, and = ; also, ;
in addition, ; as well,
Jun speaks French, and she speaks Spanish.
Jun speaks French; also, she speaks Spanish.
moreover- most important
In English 12, I give my students about 200 of these.
I’ll give you about 60. You don’t have to know them all, but
you should know a lot of them. You probable already know some of them. It is a
good start.
Golden Week
-nice little paragraph
-looks like a paragraph
-one block of text
-indented
-double-spaced
-margins
Structure of a paragraph
Topic sentence- tells us the topic, tells us what to expect
First, Firstly, First of all, To begin with, Initially, To
start with,
“Golden Week”
paragraph
Golden Week
How does it look on
the page?
It looks like a
paragraph- neat and organized
- one block of
writing
- first word indented
- double-spaced
*Topic sentence –
sets up expectation for the reader
Golden Week, Japan, four days
topic and
controlling idea
-topic- the
subject of the paragraph, the topic that will be addresses
-controlling
idea- your take on the topic, your focus, the direction you are going go with
the topic, limits the scope of the paragraph, focusses, the reader knows what
to expect
Our job as
writers is to set the parameters of the paragraph and then satisfy those
parameters.
Golden week is
Japan is a combined celebration of four holidays.
*Supporting sentences
Support #1- ‘first’
Point - subpoint
Support #2
‘second’
Point – subpoint
Support #3
‘next’
Point - subpoint
Support #4
‘fourth’
Point – subpoint, subpoint, subpoint, subpoint
Why? Why change the
stucture? -most important point, explain more, cultural value
There are reasons
why you can break the pattern. Have a good reason. Be aware of your pattern.
Concluding sentence
-wrap-up, way to end the writing, bring it to a conclusion, nice, gentle, land
the airplane, like saying ‘Goodbye’ on the phone
The stucture is clear
and easy to follow.
** Establish a structure to follow: point+ subpoint
There is no grabber in this paragraph.
-missed opportunity
-good idea to use a grabber
REVIEW
paragraph – organized collection of sentences, all on the
same topic, one topic
– express your idea in full within a short format
Topic sentence
3-4 supporting points
Concluding sentence
(150-250 ww)
TOMORROW
Topic sentences-
Quiz #1
Pen
Doublespace
Write a simple sentence for each.
Submit it by 12:30
1.
SSV holiday
2.
SV product
3.
SVV computer
4.
Interrogative weather
5.
Imperative sky
6.
SSVV family
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