Good morning, everyone.
Deep Thought of the Day:
Failure is a necessary step in learning.
Today’s agenda:
·
“Correction Codes”
·
Return Test#1
OPTIONAL Edit and Rewrite for 1 bonus point
-Topic sentences
-Modal auxiliaries
·
HW
Tuesday
·
Continue “What Happened During the Ice Storm”
module
Small group discussion – report out
·
Continue sentence styles-
Begin SIMPLE SENTENCES
“Correction Codes” – commonly used by teachers
-shorthand
-indicate areas for improvement
*awk phrasing- often translation, not authentic-sounding
*CS “She likes coffee, he likes tea”
*frag “For example, going
to the mall.”
*prep in on for about
over All idiomatic- no firm rules, just
usage
*RO – very similar to CS, insifficient punctaution between
sentences
“She likes coffee he likes tea.”
*RW doesn’t have clear meaning, come at it from a different angle
*AGR “I are am happy today.” “The kids and the dog is
are playing.”
“Our teacher are
is patient.”
Doesn’t impede understanding; nevetheless, some teachers judge it
harshly.
*TRANS – suggestion to use a transitional term
*VT- verb tense
VERB TENSES TO FOCUS ON
-simple present
-simple past
-simple future – will / be going to
-present progressive
-past progressive- usually when there is an interruption
“He was watching a movie when the power went out.”
-future progressive
-present perfect- from some point in the past until now
“She has worked at Starbucks for six months / since December,
2021.
-past perfect- substitute simple past
-future perfect I will have finished will finish my
work by the time the deadline comes. subsitute simple future
-present perfect progressive
She has been working here for two years.
- past perfect progressive
- future perfect progressive
VT You can focus on these ones.
-simple present
-simple past
-simple future
-present progressive
-past progressive
-present perfect
-present perfect progressive
*WF health(n) healthy(adj) healthier(adj) healthiest(adj)
healthily(adv)
*WO adj noun the red sweater
SPANISH the sweater red
In Vancouver there are many countries people from many countries.
Return Test#1
OPTIONAL Edit and Rewrite for 1 bonus point
Pass it today or first thing tomorrow.
I will look at a few sentence and then give you a bonus point.
Tests: X/6 double X/12 e.g. 4/6=8/12
RW 1 bonus point
4/6 = 5/6
4/6 + 1pt
Test#1
Make sure that you are on topic
What is the question being asked?
What are some good ways to learn English?
What do you do to get better at English?
Write a paragraph
about the criteria you feel you have to improve upon. Follow the structure and
format for paragraph writing.
Topic sentence – topic , controlling idea
Your topic sentence should be linked directly to the question.
Topic sentence – relates directly to the topic
- gives topic, gives controlling
idea (your take on the topic, your specific approach)
PRO TIP: Borrow
words from the question, or use synonyms.
That will ensure your paragraph is on
topic.
Write a paragraph
about the criteria you feel you have to improve upon. Follow the
structure and format for paragraph writing.
wf confident(adj)
confidence(n)
I am confident that I can get better at speaking.
I have confident confidence WF that I can get better at speaking.
I don’t want anyone to think that I am foolish.
I don’t want anyone to make fun of me.
You need perseverence to learn something new.
You need to have perseverence to learn something new.
You need patience to be a good parent.
You need to have patience to be a good parent.
You need be patient to be a good parent.
** modals and modal auxiiliaries
This kind of paragraph would be a perfect opportunity to use modals.
Modals are
auxiliary verbs that are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation/necessity,
possibility, invitation, permission, or requests. Below is a list of the most
useful modals and their most common meanings:
auxiliary
– extra AUX
Modal Meaning Example
can to express ability I can speak English very
well.
can to request permission Can I go to Foundations 4?
could to express possibility I could help you tomorrow.
may to express possibility I may be late for class.
may to
request permission May I take
the test again,
please?
might to express possibility She might call you later.
must to express obligation I must leave at 4 o’clock.
must to express strong belief You must be kidding!
should to give advice You should go to the doctor.
will to show future I will not take my car
today.
would to request or offer Would you prefer a tea or
coffee?
would in if-sentences If I were you, I would complain.
shall – used very rarely, too formal “Let take
our ten-minute break,
shall we?”
If you
want to use, you can use for a very formal-sounding invitation.
“Shall we
leave?”
Japanese
movie, remade in English “Shall We Dance?”
“Shall we ダンス?”
very
polite invitation – shall, rare
“Shall we
go?”
HIGHER
LEVEL MODALS
There are
also two and three-word modals,
Two-word
modals:
had better – should “You
should / had better talk with your mom.”
have to – must
ought to – should “You
ought to finish school so you can get a better-paying job.”
IDIOM– “Please don’t ‘should’ me.”
used to – habit in the past
Three-word modals:
be able to – can “She wasn’t
able to attend the meeting.” “She couldn’t come to the meeting.”
be going to – similar to ‘will’-
MY SIMPLE EXPLANATION – will – decide on the spot
-
am going to –
already decided
be supposed to – strong ‘should’, expectation “Family is supposed to be supportive, but
sometimes they are not.”
“You were supposed to take the garbage out.”
have got to – very strong must
“You have got to address this problem with your father-in-law.”
***
IMPORTANT
Most
anything you want to say can be expressed with a one-word modal.
Examples:
have to- I
have to pick up my daughter tonight at work.
You
have to go to bed.
must- very strong
The grammar is like this:
modal + infinitive without ‘to’
e.g. can
+ to eat
can
eat
The
teenager can eat three slices of pizza.
will + to
finish
The
builders will finish the project by early December.
have to + to
call
Maria has
to call her sister about the party.
Jun has
to lose weight.
be
supposed to + to go
John is
supposed to go to the party, but he might be too
busy.
had
to + to call
I had to called call three
mechanics yesterday.
modal + another verb
can + infinitive –‘to’
can + to run
can run THE VERB DOESN’T CHANGE
I can run. You can run. The dog can run. Your
grandmother can run.
modal verb do not change with the subject
I run. You run. She runs.
Two-word modals
had better – strong
‘should’
You should to stop smoking. You had
better stop smoking.-stronger
You had better call your doctor and
reup/refill your medication.
You had better get your schoolwork in
order.
have to – must
You have to get to work on time.
You must get to work on time.
The Grade 10 students have to study
more than they did in Grade 9.
We have to pay the bills.
ought to – should
I ought to call my sister. I haven’t
spoken with her in several years.
You should call your mother.
I should have to graduate from
SHEC before I can go to college.
I must graduate from SHEC before I can
go to college.
used to- did in the past, not now, no one-word
equivalent
Sarah used to do yoga, but now she is
too busy with family and work.
Bhin used to live in Thailand, but she
has been in Canada for many years.
Mei used to travel a lot, but not so
much in the last few years due to Covid.
Joe used to be married.
He used to drink a lot. That’s why his
wife got rid of him.
She gave him the boot.
LOOK SIMILAR, DIFFERENT MEANINGS
MODAL used to- did in the past, no longer do
CONFUSING
NOT A MODAL get/be used to- feel comfortable, be
familiar with
Shirin didn’t like Vancouver at first, but
then she got used to it.
Jes gets up early every morning. He doesn’t
mind. He is used to getting up early.
Dave is not used to trying different
kinds of food. He is picky/fussy/choosy.
Three-word
modals
be able to-
can
She is
not able to come to the meeting tomorrow.
I am
not able to come to class Friday. I can’t come to class Friday.
She
can’t come to the meeting tomorrow.
Sarah can
speak English, Farsi, and French.
Sarah is
able to speak English, Farsi, and French.
Can you pick
up some almond milk before you come home?
POLITE Are
you able to pick up some almond milk before you come home?
She is not
able / unable to make it to school today.
She can’t
come to school today.
Jose has
been unable to walk since his accident.
I am
unable to take your call. Please leave me a message.
The
difference between ‘be going to’ and ‘will’.
When did
the make the decision?
right now
– will
in the
past – am going to
be supposed to – should/must, obligation, your
responsibility
I was supposed to get some dog food,
but I forgot.
I am supposed to put my stuff in
storage today.
I am supposed to work today.
have got to- very strong ‘must’
You have got to take your medication on
time.
I have to pick up my son after school.
I have got to eat breakfast, or I will
feel faint.
You have got to check your stove before
you leave your place.
Mom, you have got to remember to turn off the
stove.
Exercises: Choose appropriate modals for each:
1. I didn’t
feel very well yesterday. I _____
eat anything.
2. You _____
look at me when I am talking to you.
3. I was
using my pencil a minute ago. It _____
here somewhere!
4. My boss
told me that I really _____ be late again to work.
5. If you
don’t start working harder, you _____ repeat the course next year.
6. Phone her
now. She _____ be home by now.
7. You _____
forget your sunscreen. It’s going to be
very hot!
8. I _____ be
able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.
9. Mozart
_____ play the piano beautifully as a child.
10.
I really _____ try to get fit.
11.
_____ I take a photograph of you?
12.
Students _____ borrow up to 15 books at any
time.
13.
Whose bag is this? I don’t know, but it _____ belong to Yuta.
14.
_____ I go to the bathroom, please?
15.
His excuse _____ be true, but I don’t believe
it.
16.
_____ you speak French? Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty
good.
17.
_____ you help me move this table?
18.
I _____ help you, but I don’t want to.
19.
_____ you open the window, please.
20.
I _____ move the table. It was too heavy.
21.
You _____ eat so much chocolate. It’s not good for you.
22.
I’m afraid I _____ play tennis tomorrow. I’ve got a dentist appointment.
23.
You can come to the meeting if you want but
you _____.
24.
I’m so hungry I _____ eat a horse!
25.
The test starts at 10.30. You _____ be late.
26.
How did you do in the test? Ok. It _____
worse!
27.
You _____ tired. You’ve only just got out of
bed!
28.
_____ be very pleased with herself. She got
the best grades.
“What Happened During the
Ice Storm” Thought Questions
Lets’s
get into some small groups (4-5 people). Discuss the quesitons. Be preared to
report out tomorrow.
1. What
is the setting of the story?
2. The
word ‘But’ in the third sentence causes the mood of the story to change. How is
this a pivot point in the story?
3. Why
do the boys go out in the storm?
4. What
does “harvest the pheasants” (paragraph 2) mean?
5. What
are four comparisons the writer creates between the birds and the kids in the
third paragraph?
6. What
is the simile comparing the grass seeds, the pheasants, and the boys?
7. What
is the climax of the story?
8. Why
do the boys act in the manner they do?
9. What
is the resolution (denouement) of the story?
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