Wednesday, 3 May 2023

EF7/11 Class 5- paragraph structure and content

 Good morning, everyone.

 

Deep Thought of the day:

Most people overestimate what they can do in a year and underestimate what they can do in ten years. Bill Gates

 

Today’s music:

Robert Schumann, Symphony Number 1

 

ANNOUNCEMENT:

It looks like we will have summer school this July and August.

Five weeks.

I have asked to teach EF4,5,6 or EF23

VERB TENSE simple past, present perfect

 

Earthquake drill today at 10am

drill- training, practice

1.    Hide under the table for 60 seconds.

2.    Evacuate the building.

3.    Leave by the South door.

4.    Congregate in front of the school.

 

This school is build on post and beam construction.

12X12 fir posts

steel I beams resting on top

 

 

Today’s agenda:

·      Paragraph structure- overview

“Structure of a Paragraph- Golden Week example”

·      HW   Prepare/Read for Friday- begin short stories and poetry

“What Happened During the Ice Storm”

“trees in ice”

“A Pheasant on Deer Mountain”

 

Thursday

·      Test#1 – writing about Criteria

·      Begin sentences styles- overview

·      HW   Prepare for Friday

“What Happened During the Ice Storm”

“trees in ice”

“A Pheasant on Deer Mountain”

 

Friday

·      Begin “What Happened During the Ice Storm” module

·      Continue sentence styles- overview

 

Monday

·      Continue sentence styles

 

 

Paragraph – collection of sentences (approx. 4 minimum, often 7,8,10)

                     -EF6, EF7/Eng 10, Eng 11, Eng 12 about 150-250 words

                    

Grade 12 Provincial Exams-

“In paragraph form and in at least 150 words, answer question 1...”

-150-250 ww- the Goldilocks Zone- not too long, not too short

 

IDIOM  the Goldilocks Zone, a happy medium, a good compromise

 

com- together

promise- agreement

 

-a paragraph is a pretty short piece of writing, compact

-not an essay

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARAGAPH

**has to be focussed on the topic

**get to the point quickly, stay on the point

**no room for wandering around the topic

**has to be well-organized-  make a plan before you write, make a few notes, brainstorm some key words, vocab,  make a plan before to write sentences

 

-longer pieces- long essay, paper (5-10-20 pages), more room to maneuvre, scope for exploration

 

A paragraph is about one thing, one topic.

paragraph – so short- has to really focussed, well-organized, laser sharp

 

TIMES

EF3/4 – (70-90m)

EF5/6- (50m-55m)  paragraph (150-250 ww)

EF67- (45-50m)

English 12 -much shorter amount of time (~20m)

 

Over the next few courses-EF5/6, EF7, Eng11, Eng12- there will be a speeding up for the writing time.

Time allotments will get shorter.

NATURAL REACTION -stress, anxiety, worry, panic!

Practicing may/will help to reduce the nerves.

 

* Source of anxiety, feel rushed, feel nervous, worried, emotional reaction  – time pressure, pressure to write good sentences, pressure to write good verbs, pressure to use good punctuation, pressure to give a good answer, brain fog- mind goes blank

 

 

MY ADVICE:

-mitigate these responses with good planning and practice

***take a few minutes and make a plan before you start writing the sentences of your paragragh

 

VOCAB mitigate(v) – make a difficult situation easier

e.g. In order to mitigate this problem, we are going to delay the project for two weeks.

 

 

*Writing a good paragraph and writing it quickly is a challenge. It is a challenge that you can rise to.

 

EUPHEMISM – a polite word that we use when we don’t want to use the real word

bathroom, restroom, washroom

pass away

challenge- difficult

 

 

There are steps we can take to make it easier.

Process and practice will make writing paragraphs less stressful, more routine.

routine – everyday, not emotional, not stressful, run-of-the-mill

 

We can learn to ameliorate that stress that we feel when we face difficult new tasks.

 

VOCAB ameliorate- make something bad better

 

Practice is the secret to improving.

Practice makes perfect.

 

I will always give as clear a topic as I can.

e.g. “Do you agree that marijuana should be legal in Canada?”

-opinion + 3-4 good reasons

 

 

 STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH- Western school structure, academic writing

 

1. Grabber- (optional) also called a Hook

          -usually the first sentence of your paragaph

-attention-getting sentence

          -pulls the reader in

- makes them want to read your paragraph

          **7 ways to do grabbers**

** I will teach grabbers**

 

Structure of a Paragraph:

Grabber

Topic sentence – topic, controlling idea

Supporting sentences

Concluding sentence

 

 

 

Grabber- hook

OPTIONAL – HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

MY ADVICE: When you are writing a paragraph or essay, begin your paragraph or essay with a grabber/hook.

 

Grabbers/Hooks

-usually first sentence, before the Topic Sentence

-grabs the reader’s attention, hooks your reader attention

-makes them pay attention, makes them want to read your writing

-effective attention-getting device for writing, highly recommended

 

MY ADVICE: Use a grabber. It will make your writing way more interesting.

 

PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE

Grabber

Topic sentence

Supporting sentences

Concluding sentence

 

Good for paragraphs, for essays, for speeches

 

Seven different kinds of grabbers top choose from:

 

1.    -general to specific statement, a funnel

-say something big and general, then narrow it down to specific topic

funnel

 

 \   /

  ||

    

                     Everybody wants to have success in their lives. Everybody wants to achieve their goals. Using goalsetting techniques can help us to accomplish the objectives we want to accomplish. Grabbers. Topic Sentence

goalsetting techniques- making specific, realistic, measureable, time-bound plans

 

2.    -write a short anecdote- short personal story, very short (1-2 short sentences)

 

personalizes your writing, establishes a connection to your reader,

establishes empathy- same feeling
sympathy – feel sorry about someone’s situation

anecdote is told first-person “I”

first person is very personal, friendly-sounding, close

 

                     When I was younger, I always had trouble realizing the goals that I dreamed about for myself. Then I learned about Goalsetting. This changed everything for me! Now, I will teach you.

 

3.    -historical reference- knowledge about history

                     Throughout history, women have usually been in less powerful positions than men. These days, women have been claiming their rights to equality.

 

4.    -fact or statistic- numbers

                     80%, four out of five, 2/3 of ..., 37,000,000 people...

 

   People who use Goalsetting techniques to help them achieve their goals have a 65% higher chance of achieving their goals than people who do not. (bbc.com)

 

5.    -ask a question (answered by the topic sentence or thesis statement) PROBABLY THE EASIEST WAY

                     How do you keep yourself on track? What steps do you take when you want to achieve something new in your life? Goalsetting works for many people. It might work for you, too.

 

 

6.    -relevant quotation by a famous/important person

Dr. Jordan Peterson says, “Make a plan. A plan is not a prison. It is a guide.”

“Make a plan. A plan is not a prison. It is a guide.” This was said by Dr. Jordan Peterson.

 

Barack Obama once said, “Blah blah blah.”

My mother always used to say, “Blah blah blah.”

Buddha said, “Life is suffering. We must have empathy for all living creatures.”

Mao Zhe Dong said, “Women hold up half the sky.”

 

PRO TIP: Books of quotations.- Have some quotations in your memory. It is very helpful to reference when you are writing.

Look up quotations organized by theme.

 

7.                 -relevant idiom from any language, proverb, saying

                     -don’t translate well, have a lot of meaning

                     -these can be really fun and colourful

In Chinese, we say that a good career is a ‘golden rice bowl.’

In Farsi, we say that a person who is making good money has their “bread in the oil.”

There is a saying in Japanese: ‘Even monkeys fall from trees.’ It means everyone makes mistakes. It’s important to keep going after you did something wrong.

 

IDIOM         The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. (English)

                     Christmas cake. (Japanese)

                     Playing piano/violin to a cow. (Chinese)

                     Pearls before swine. (English) -showing beautiful pearls to a

                                                                        pig

 

REVIEW of ways to do grabbers/hooks:

1.    funnel

2.    anecdote

3.    historical

4.    fact/statistic

5.    question

6.    quotation

7.    idiom/saying

 

Choose one. Start your paragraph off with it. It will make your paragraph, essay, or presentation lively and engaging.

 

PRO ADVICE: When writing a paragraph or essay, write the grabber last. You can mull it over (think about it, roll it around in your mind) as you are writing the rough draft. A good grabber might jump out at you. If not, if you can’t think of anything for a grabber, just ask a question. The question is the easiest way to do a grabber.

 

 

2. Topic sentence- essential, can’t skip it, need it!

-introduces the main idea/topic of the paragraph

-helps the reader know what the paragraph is about and what your take on the topic will be

                               -focusses on the question that was asked

-TS has to relate directly to the question that the teacher asked

 

3. Body sentences – supporting sentences

          -explain, describe, give examples, etc

          -all related to the topic sentence

          -focussed on the topic sentence

          -support the topic sentence

 

4. Concluding sentence- final sentence

-summary of the main points

OR

-restatement of the

topic sentence- same idea, different words

-way to wrap up the paragraph smoothly and naturally

-the paragraph will not end abruptly

-lighter, personal, academic

 

 

STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH

Grabber (optional, but highly recommended)

Topic sentence

Body sentences/supporting sentences

Concluding sentence

(150-250 words)

 

 

WtC (Writing to Communciate) p3 “Golden Week”

 

POINTERS FOR READING ALOUD: take a break at periods

                                                              commas are breath marks

                                                              rising and falling tone

                                                              drop your tone at periods

                                                  

 

Organization:

Grabber

Topic sentence

Supporting sentences

Concluding sentence

 

Model Paragraph #1

“Golden Week” paragraph

Golden Week

How does it look on the page?

It looks like a paragraph- neat and organized

- one block of writing

- first word indented

- double-spaced

 

 

*Topic sentence – sets up expectation for the reader

          Golden Week, Japan, four days

 

topic and controlling idea

-topic- the subject of the paragraph, the topic that will be addresses

-controlling idea- your take on the topic, your focus, the direction you are going go with the topic, limits the scope of the paragraph, focusses, the reader knows what to expect

Our job as writers is to set the parameters of the paragraph and then satdify those parameters.

 

Golden week is Japan is a combined celebration of four holidays.

 

*Supporting sentences

Support #1- ‘first’

 Point - subpoint

Support #2 ‘second’

 Point - subpoint

Support #3 ‘next’

 Point - subpoint

Support #4 ‘fourth’

 Point – 3 subpoints,

 

Why? Why change the stucture? -most important point, explain more, cultural value

There are reasons why you can break the pattern. Have a good reason. Be aware of your pattern.

 

Concluding sentence -wrap-up, way to end the writing, bring it to a conclusion, nice, gentle, land the airplane, like saying ‘Goodbye’ on the phone

 

 

** Establish a structure to follow: point+ subpoint

 

There is no grabber in this paragraph.

-missed opportunity

-good idea to use a grabber

 

 

REVIEW

paragraph – organized collection of sentences, all on the same topic, one topic

– express your idea in full within a short format

 

Your main point of contact with teachers, instructors, professors, customers, etc, will be through writing.

The ability to construct and formulate a coherent, organized piece of writing is a wonderful gift that you can give yourself.

It is wonderful thing to be able to write something that is clear.

 

coherent- following a logical order, well-organized, makes sense, no ? when the reader is reading

 

cohere(v) The restaurant must cohere to food handling requirements.

adhere(v) – connect to, glue  adhesive-glue

coherent(adj) incoherently(adv) The man on the bus was talking incoherently.

The piano teacher explained very coherently how to place your fingers on the keyboard.

 

 

likely 6-8 approximately, around 150 words approx.

I’m not counting the words.

- not too short, not too long- Goldilocks range

 

IDIOM Goldilocks zone- just right, not too much, not too little

 

90 words is too short, 300 words is too long

Students are much more likely to go long than short.

 

150-220 words is the ‘sweet spot’

‘sweet spot’ a good spot

IDIOM sweet spot – sports term

‘sweet spot’ – the best place to hit a ball, tennis racquet, ping pong, baseball bat, golf club

 

pitcher- throws the ball

catcher- catches the ball

batter- tries to hit the ball with the bat

umpire – call strikes and balls

You can watch a ballgame at Nat Bailey Stadium close to Hillcrest Community Centre near QE Park.

 

*How to count your words: word processor on computer – word count

MS Word, Googledocs, Notes (free with Apple)

 

*How to count your words on paper: count two lines and multiply

 

College – 1500, 2500-word paper

 

 

USEFUL TRANSITIONAL TERMS

 

Sequence- Time-order transitional words:

first, second, third, firstly, secondly, at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place

secondly, in the second place

next, then, after that,

also, at the same time, for now, for the time being

in time, in turn, later on, soon, later, earlier, simultaneously, afterward

 

Summarizing – alternatives to in conclusion

after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, in a nutshell, in the end

 

By and large, Golden Week is...

 

Try some new words when you are writing. Stretch your vocabulary. Stretch your word usage. Challenge yourself. It is the only way to grow.

 

 

 

 

 

“The Topic Sentence” pp4-6

 

topic sentence TS- topic, controlling idea

 

New York- fun NYE

-Time Square -countdown, ball drops, sings

-Central Park

-fireworks

-party, dancing, drink

 

New York- great entertainment

-famous landmarks- Times Square, Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, etc

-museums, art galleries-

-show- opera, Broadway musical, dance, ballet

-shopping- SoHo, Upper West Side, boutiques

-sports- basketball, hockey, football, soccer, baseball

-food- street food(food trucks), gourmet, any cuisine

-music- jazz, classical, rock

 

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