Monday, 29 May 2023

EF7 11 Class 22 adjective clauses

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

Michelle Yeoh’s 2023 commencement speech to Harvard Law School.

Michelle Yeoh’s tips for when you are going through a tough time:

1.    Stay loose

2.    Know your limits

3.    Find your people

 

Find your tribe. Find like-minded, supportive people to surround yourself with.

 

wedding reception-

 

Today’s agenda:

·      begin adjective clauses

·      Talk about “” more, option

·      Test#4 about “I Confess” and/or “Dead Man’s Path”

EXTRA- IF TIME

·      Phrasal verb exercises

·      Verb tense exercises from last week.

·      HW   Prepare AF Ch1- read, make notes for the thought questions

 

Tuesday

·      Begin Animal Farm

AF Ch1

EXTRA- IF TIME

·      Phrasal verb exercises

·      Verb tense exercises from last week.

 

Wednesday

·      HW   Prepare AF Ch2- read, make notes for the thought questions

 

 

 

REVIEW Sentence types:

 

* SIMPLE- one main clause

          SV   SSV    SVV   SSVV   Imperative   Interrogative

 

STYLE ADVICE: If something is important and you want to people to remember it, write it in a simple sentence.

-powerful, clear, direct

 

* COMPOUND – two main clauses joined together

1.       , FANBOYS   , SOBA

2.       ; semicolon

3.       ; TRANS,

Transitional words and terms: e.g. however    therefore   also   nevertheless   to tell the truth    in general   moreover  

 

* COMPLEX – one main clause + one subordinate clause

1.       adverb clauses- because   when   if   since   so that   so...that, as, while, whenever, so that, before, after, etc

2.       THIS WEEK adjective clauses

3.       NEXT WEEK noun clause- verbs- feel think say know believe / pronouns?- that why how

 

 

***

COMPLEX SENTENCES

adjective clauses – more in-depth, more detailed

keep it as simple as possible to start- start basic and then go deeper

 

adjectives – describes a noun

the red hat adjective

the nice red hat adjective

 

He is wearing a green hat.

 

green- new at a job, don’t know what you’re doing yet

 

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES (or other nouns functioning as adjectives):

opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN

 

It is a beautiful diamond ring.

It is a diamond beautiful ring. XXX

 

 

opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN

My grandmother broke her gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.

Shari loves to listen to ancient Persian music.

The dog plays with a big round plastic chew toy.

Yuko collects old Japanese tea sets.

 

I got some coffee cups. coffee- noun, acting like an adjective

I love coffee.  Coffee- noun, acting like a noun

neck tie   school book   sports shoes   eyeglasses   water bottle

 

individual adjectives – good for simple ideas

 

e.g black tea, herbal tea, green tea, Orange Pekoe, mint tea, apple tea

cinnamon tea

 

more complicated, in-depth description – use adjective clauses

 

e.g. I love the tea that my sister makes from flower petals.

complicated ideas – my sister made it, made from flower petals

 

I love my sister’s flower-petal tea.

 

More complicated ideas- use an adjective clause

Three most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that which

 

*** 95% of the time- who that which ***

 

Other less commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses: whom, where, whose

 

PARTICULAR POINT OF CONFUSION

whom – rarely used, very fancy sounding, sounds like a grammar book

Native English speakers rarely use ‘whom’.  We say ‘who’.

MY FREE ADVICE: Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important.

 

One exception about ‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know who will be receiving the letter

GREETING: To whom it may concern,

Not an everyday occurrence. Pretty rare.

Get the words right!  To whom it may concern,

 

FORMAL SOUNDING ENGLISH  preposition + whom

to whom   from whom   with whom  

With whom are you speaking? EXTREMELY FORMAL STYLE, STIFF, SERIOUS

Who are talking to? CASUAL

 

Pick your tone. Who are you talking to? What impression are you trying to make?

 

FOCUS ON HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS: who that which – 95% of the time

 

*who – used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds polite and respectful, you can use it for all people

 

*that- things that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a little disrespectful, sounds like you don’t like that person)

SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:

The guy that my sister married is a creep. adjective clause

creep- a person who gives you a weird negative feeling, makes you feel uncomfortable

 

The man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective clause

That people that did not respect me are now out of my life.

The people who are my true friends will always be with me.

 

‘that’ -tricky word in English, many uses in English

Who is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite

Who is that woman you were talking to?

That is a beautiful baby!

Is that your son? -sounds ok

 

*which- special things (special to you), unique things

 

This is a watch that I bought last week. not special, just a watch

I really like the watch which my dad gave me for my 18th birthday. special

 

wedding ring – which

necklace that your grandmother gave you – which

 

toothbrush – that

glasses- that

 

*which – special things, unique things

special things- You decide if it is special to you.

I have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special thing to me

She has a necklace which her son made for her.

Mei is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother gave to her.

Shirin is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother gave to her. (sounds like a regular necklace, not special)

Clara put the picture which her son painted for her up on the fridge.

 

unique things- only one in the world

Beijing, which is the capital of China, hosted the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. unique

GOOD RULE OF THUMB: only one, put commas around it

 

Edmonton, which has a huge indoor mall, is in north Alberta.

Marta visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.

Marta visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX sounds like there are several Eiffel Tower

The CN Tower, which is in Toronto, has the Edgewalk.

 

 

who- people

My neighbour who is very elderly does not like my son to play in the backyard.

who is very elderly adj cl  SV

 

elderly(adj) – elder, senior, aged (Biblical), older(sounds polite), old (doesn’t sound polite), senior citizen

My dad is getting older. He is older now. He is 81.

 

impolite- one foot/paw in the grave, on his last legs, knocking on Heaven’s door, long in the tooth, ready to give up the ghost

That old dog is long in the tooth. very old

 

long in the tooth (idiom)- horses teeth grow their whole life, also mice, also beavers

 

Sometimes people who are very elderly start to worry about going to heaven. They start going to church and praying and reading Holy books.

“They are cramming for the final.”

‘cramming for the final’ - studying all night before a big test

cram- study hard in a short period of time

‘cram schools’ – Japan, school that promote intense studying for a exam

 

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW

 

 

 

Test#3

You can have your stories out.

Quote from them if you wish, like we practiced.

Do not copy from the stories.

 

Who was a better role model for the students: Mr Wei or Mr Obi?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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