Good morning, everyone.
Deep Thought of the Day:
“Education
is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it
today.” —Malcolm X
-metaphor- poetry term- direct comparison between two
things
“Education is a passport.”
“The little boy is a monkey.”
“She is a flower.”
-simile- poetry term- indirect comparison between two
things using ‘like’ or ‘as’
“Education is like a passport.”
“The little boy is as active as a monkey.”
“She is as lovely as a flower.”
Today’s agenda:
·
Go over topic sentence exercises
·
Begin sentences styles- overview
·
10am Earthquake Drill!
·
Test#1 – writing about Criteria
·
HW Prepare
for Friday
“What
Happened During the Ice Storm”
“trees
in ice”
“A
Pheasant on Deer Mountain”
Friday
·
Begin “What Happened During the Ice Storm”
module
·
Continue sentence styles- overview
Monday
·
Continue sentence styles
REVIEW
Earthquake drill today at 10am
1.
Hide under the table for 60 seconds.
2.
Evacuate the building. No dillydallying.
IDIOM dillydally – go slowly
3.
Leave by the South door.
4.
Congregate in front of the school.
A topic sentence should open a door that you can walk through and
explore.
You are probably
already experienced with English. These are the fundamental sentences styles
that we use everyday. If this is new to you, let’s learn a lot about sentences.
Even if you already know about them, I still have some new things to teach you.
Full review of the
three sentence types: very important, very useful, very practical, everyday usage
We study sentences so
that we can use them in your life- school, work, social life, business.
Quick overview of
sentence types
1.SIMPLE
2.COMPOUND
3.COMPLEX
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
(mix of 2 and 3)
99.998% of the time,
these three sentence types will allow to write anything you want.
If you want to write well
in English, this is what you want to do.
**
Side Note: I have a
small business where I do editing for university students, mostly nurses and nursing
students. What I do is read their essays and papers and then edit their writing.
I use almost exclusively simple, compound, and complex sentences.
ANOTHER SIDE NOTE:
Every year on Tuesday nights (5-6pm) from November-January, I do an Advanced
Sentence Structure Tutorial on Zoom. This is aimed at upper-level students who
want to polish their sentence writing. Feel free to join my Zoom tutorial.
No homework. No
assignments. No mark.
Check my blog in mid-October
for the Zoom link.
QUICK PREVIEW- I will
go into detail in ensuing classes.
THESE ARE THE SENTENCE
TYPES:
1.
SIMPLE SENTENCE – one
main clause, one independent clause
Clause – group of
words with a subject and a verb (SV)
one main clause,
one independent clause = SV, a complete idea, one idea, a sentence by
itself
independent-
self-contained
subject and a verb
Subject+Verb, S+V
SIMPLE SENTENCE
S+V “It is raining.” It
is raining.
SV “It is rainy.” It
is rainy.
rainy- adjective
SV “Today is cold.” Today
is cold.
SV “The dog likes
apples.”
IMPORTANT: Don’t forget a capital letter at the
beginning. Don’t forget a period at the end.
Different styles of
simple sentence:
-SV
The sky is blue.
-SSV subject subject
verb
You and I are talking on
the phone.
-SVV “The dog is sleeping and is snoring.”
-SVVV (probably the
maximum)
-SSSV (probably the
maximum)
-SSVV
The old man and
his granddaughter go to the park
and play.
Basic structures:
SV SSV
SVV SSVV
Another style of
simple sentence:
-Imperative, command
sentence – tell somebody to do something
“Come in.” “Watch out.” “Sit down.” “Open the window, please.”
no subject “You
come in.” implied subject, don’t day ‘you’
“(You) Come in,
please.” Everybody understands that ‘you’ is the subject.
make it sound polite –
please
The magic word. What’s
the magic word?
My way of using commas
with ‘please’ (fairly common):
Come in,
please.
Please come in.
Another style of
simple sentence:
-interrogative
sentence – question, interrogate(ask questions)
“What are you doing?”
“What time is it?”
“Where did you park
the car?” SV?
REVIEW: SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative Interrogative
SV SV – two simple
sentences in a row, connected together
with coordinating
conjunctions
7 coordinating
conjunctions- FANBOYS
mnemonic (memory aid) for
and nor but or yet so
pronunciation (new mon
ic) Greek word?
English is a primarly
a mix of Latinate languages, Greek, and Germanic languages
Latinate – Spanish,
French, Italian
Latin – ancient
language from Italy
any word one syllable
– Anglo Saxon word
plumber – Gr
pneumonia – Gr
mnemonic
lagubrious -latin –
sad
MY OPINION: FANBOYS –
not that helpful, several are not used often in compound
FANBOYS
*for – used very rarely in
compound sentences
Sarah is wearing a hat
today, for it is cold. not common usage
Sarah is wearing a hat
today because it is cold. complex – more authentic
Forget about ‘for’.
People don’t talk that way.
‘for’ is used in other
ways
Here is a gift for
you. simple, not compound
*and – very often used
Michelle bought a new coat, and
it is very nice. compound
*nor – not
commonly used in compound sentences, nobody says ‘nor’
Dave does not speak
Farsi, nor does he speak Arabic. very unusual, formal
Dave does not speak Farsi
or Arabic. simple sentence, authentic English
*but – used all the
time
It is sunny today, but it
is supposed to rain tomorrow.
*or – very commonly
used
You can go to the
party, or you can stay home.
*yet – not commonly
used in compound sentences
It is cold, yet we are
going for a walk. weirdly formal
It is cold, but we are
going for a walk. more authentic- real sounding English
*so – used all the
time in compound sentences
Maria is tired, so she
will take a nap.
My suggestion:
FANBOYS – F N Y not useful
‘for’ ‘nor’ ‘yet’ not
used very often in compound sentences, low-frequency usage, ignore them for the
most part
SOBA so or but and
mnemonic- SOBA
most useful,
high-frequency usage: SOBA so or but and
EXAMPLES OF ‘SOBA” IN
COMPOUND SENTENCES
“It is raining, so we
can’t play soccer.”
“You can come to
school, or you can go to work.”
“I like chocolate, but
I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking,
and she likes skiing.”
Next level of compound
sentences:
; semicolon – looks professional, high-status, smart
; substitute for , so ,
or , but , and
“It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; we can’t play soccer.”
“You can come to school, or you can go to work.”
“You can come to school; you can also go to work.”
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t eat it everyday.”
“Joan likes hiking, and she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; she likes skiing.
Looks great! Your choice- casual, fancier
Next next level of compound sentences:
This way, with transitional terms, sounds better.
therefore however also
nevertheless moreover furthermore
- Hundreds of them- I will give you about 50.
OPTIONS FOR COMPOUND SENTENCES
“It is raining, so we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; we can’t play soccer.”
“It is raining; therefore, we can’t play soccer.” VERY
NICE!
“You can come to school, or you can go to work.”
“You can come to school; you can also go to work.”
“You can come to school; alternatively, you can go to
work.”
“I like chocolate, but I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; I don’t eat it everyday.”
“I like chocolate; however, I don’t eat it everyday.”
OPTION “I like chocolate. However, I don’t eat it
everyday.” 2 simples
“Joan likes hiking, and she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; she likes skiing.”
“Joan likes hiking; also, she likes skiing.”
COMMON ERROR
“Joan likes hiking, also, she likes skiing.” XXX comma
doesn’t go there- not strong enough, has to be ;
Make up your sentences according to the situation.
This is all about your choice. I want you to have choices.
3. COMPLEX SENTENCES
a. adverb clauses –
because if when unless until after before although etc
We will do about 30.
“Sarah doesn’t want to
talk to Maria because they had an
argument.”
main clause adverb clause no comma
“Because Sarah and Marie
had an argument, Sarah doesn’t want to
talk to her.”
adverb clause main clause comma
“We won’t go to the
beach if it rains.”
“If it rains, we
won’t go to the beach.”
She is happy, because
she won the lottery. XXX no comma, small error
She is happy because she won the lottery.
** IMPORTANT POINT:
You always need a SV. If you don’t have a SV for each clause, you will likely
run into trouble. Special case: imperative
Sit down. You
sit down. implied subject
Example: My sister
lives in Vancouver, works in a store. XXX
FIX
My sister lives in Vancouver and works in a store.
My sister lives in Vancouver, and she works in a store.
My sister lives in Vancouver; she works in a store.
My sister lives in Vancouver; also, she works in a store.
b. noun clauses –
brain, tongue
brain- think believe
know guess understand
imagine remember, etc.
tongue- say whisper
state yell remind
claim argue, etc.
that why how
“Mohammed thinks
that he should call his brother.”
“The little girl believes
that there is a monster in her closet.”
“Maria said that
we need more printer paper.”
“Junko didn’t tell
us why she quit her job.”
“I don’t know how I can fix my car.”
“I don’t know how to fix my car.”
More common- different pattern
c. adjective clauses –
who that which
“Fatima’s neighbour, who
is 86 years old, still lives on her own.”
“Marta has some nice
boots that she got from a fancy store in Tokyo.”
- commas around adjective clauses – complicated
- other words less
important: ‘whom’ ‘whose’ ‘where’
Test #1
paragraph – 150-250ww
Grabber
Topic sentence
Supporitng sentences
Concluding sentence
-Use lined paper with margins
-Write in blue or black pen
-Doublespace
-Write inside the margins
-Name and class in top righthand corner
-Indent the first word of your paragraph.
IMPORTANT: No phones or devices at all.
We will use our dividers.
Test#1
Write a paragraph about the criteria you feel you have to
improve upon. Follow the structure and format for paragraph writing.
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