Good morning, everyone.
Today’s agenda:
·
Continue adjective clauses
·
Begin Animal Farm
AF Ch1
EXTRA- IF TIME
·
Phrasal verb exercises
·
Verb tense exercises from last week.
·
HW Try
some of the exercises in the photocopied sheets. We will
go over
some of them tomorrow.
Wednesday
·
Return Test#3
Optional RW for bonus point
·
Continue adjective clauses
·
Continue Animal Farm
AF Ch1
·
Talk about “” more, option
·
HW Prepare
AF Ch2- read, make notes for the thought questions
Thursday
·
Animal Farm Ch2
Friday
·
Animal Farm Ch2
Monday
·
Animal Farm Ch3
CONTINUE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
who that which
STRANGE SOUNDING
Jun’s sister who lives
in Spain is a nurse.
Jun’s sister that lives
in Spain is a nurse. XXX SOUNDS STRANGE, Don’t use ‘that’ for a person.
COMMON ERROR:
Jun’s sister who lives in Spain. V
sentence fragment, not a complete sentence, half a sentence
*NOTE: In a sentence with an adjective clause, you have to
say two things, two SV.
Jun’s sister who lives in Spain is a nurse. 1 2
The phone that she bought was not expensive.
1 2
The phone that she bought. sentence fragment
FIX
The phone that she bought was not expensive.
SOURCE OF CONFUSION ‘that’ is used in noun clauses and
adjective clauses, also a pronon
multi-use word, confusing
Examples
That sandwich was delicious.
The sandwich that she made was very tasty.
I think that that sandwich was scrumptious. noun
clause, pronoun
She thinks that that sandwich that you made
was so good that she wants to have another one. confusing, not good
writing, grammar is fine
REVIEW:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX – adverb
clauses
-
Adjective clauses
-
Noun clauses
Example from my EF56 students:
1.
His house, which is located in North
Vancouver, is very expensive.
2.
I came to Vancouver, which is the best city
to live in the world.
3.
I would like to visit my grandmother, who
will turn 100 years old next month.
4.
Mei’s son who is 12 loves to play with Lego.
two or three sons
Mei’s son, who is 12, loves to play
with Lego. one son
TRICKY -essential
and non-essential clauses
-restrictive
and non-restrictive clauses
Look these up in a grammar book or website.
REMEMBER: Basic adjective clauses are not difficult, but
they get more detailed the deeper you go.
5.
My friend who is very beautiful is a
fashion icon. lots of friends
My friend, who is very beautiful, is
a fashion icon. only one friend
6.
I do not like the crafts that/which I
have to do at work.
7.
Her dog that has a long tail is brown.
8.
I visit my mother, who lives in Ottawa.
9.
I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley Park.
10.
I have to visit my best friend who played with
me since I was a seven-year-old. awk
She is seven years old.
She is a seven-year-old. (noun)
11.
The girl who is wearing the red shirt is my
little sister.
12.
My daughter who is playing the violin decided to
study more music.
13.
I love the ring which my husband gave me on my
birthday.
14.
Joe bought a new laptop that cost $2000.
15.
The girl who is standing in the corner is my
classmate.
16.
My friend visited the park which is close to my
home.
17.
I have a lot of apples that my mother gave me
yesterday.
18.
My boss who is very polite resigned yesterday.
19.
James wore a fine black tux which his dad gave
him.
Basic level of
knowledge
who- people
that- things,
animals
which- special
things, unique things
commas or no commas around adjective clauses
-commas – special, unique, only one- a good
time to use commas
SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT MEANINGS / MESSAGES
A.
Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to
swim.
B.
Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to
swim.
A.
Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Suggests that Dave has one dog.
B.
Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim.
Suggests that Dave has more than one dog.
* detail, subtle, not a major problem if you
get it wrong
A.
My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a
2018.
B.
My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is
a 2018.
GRAMMAR: difference between main subject and
complete subject
main subject – just one noun, subject
of the sentence
complete subject - main noun plus all the modifiers, subject
of the sentence
A.
My car that I bought at Richmond Auto
Mall is a 2018.
B.
My car, that I bought at Richmond
Auto Mall, is a 2018.
complete subject
My car that I bought at Richmond
Auto Mall is a 2018. suggests 2+ cars
My car, that I bought at
Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018. suggests 1 car
commas around an adjective clause means just
extra information
Look it up in a grammar book:
restrictive and non-restrictive clauses
OR
essential and non-essential clauses
Examples:
A.
Her son who is nine is very shy. essential information, we need that
information
B.
Her son, who is nine, is very shy. not
essential, extra information
MEANING IS A BIT DIFFERENT
A.
Her son who is nine is very shy.
B.
Her son, who is nine, is very shy.
Her son is very shy.
A.
Her son who is nine is very shy. How many sons?
B.
Her son, who is nine, is very shy. How many
sons?
main subject complete subject
Her son who is nine is very
shy. How many sons? 2+
Her son, who is nine, is very
shy. How many sons? 1
Mohamed moved to Edmonton, which is the largest
city in Alberta.
comma or no comma? How many Edmontons are
there?
which is the largest city in BC – extra
information
Your school, which is at Fraser and 43rd, is
holding in-class classes. 1 school
Your school which is at Fraser and 43rd is
holding in-class classes. suggests 2+ schools eg. SHEC, VCC
Let’s meet at Starbucks. enough information?
Let’s meet at Starbucks which is on Main and 13th.
essential information
Let’s meet at SHEC, which is on Fraser and
43rd. not essential information, extra
Her sister, who lives in Calgary, is a very
good basketball player.
Her sister who lives in Calgary is a very
good basketball player.
Your son is outgoing.
Your son, who is 7, is outgoing.
Your brother who is shy lives in Vancouver.
essential information, distinguish between them
My mom, who is 79, likes to walk everyday.
one mother
My mom who is 79 likes to walk everyday. two
women who you consider your mothers
My uncle who is retired loves to fish. more
than one
speaking – commas are breath marks, take a
beat, slight pause
Let’s meet at Scienceworld, which is open
right now. not necessary information, just extra information, non-essential clause
** subtle difference – has meaning to an
English listener
*** If you get it wrong, it is a small
problem.
Shirin’s mother, who is retired, likes to
travel. 1 mother
Shirin’s mother who is retired likes to
travel. 2+ mothers
MORE LIKELY EXAMPLE:
Shirin’s aunt who is retired likes to travel.
2+ aunts
REVIEW
A.
My sister who lives in Spain
volunteers for a dog rescue society.
B.
My sister, who lives in Spain,
volunteers for a dog rescue society.
A.
How many sisters do I have? One or more than
one? suggest 2+
Subject is “My sister who lives in Spain”
The adjective clause is restricting the
meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar book: restrictive clause, essential
clause
B.
How many sisters do I have? One or more than
one? 1
Subject is “My sister”
The adjective clause is not restricting the
meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar book: non-restrictive clause,
non-essential clause
I never met my grandmother who passed away
five years ago. several GMs
I never met my maternal/paternal grandmother
who passed away five years ago.
I never met my paternal grandmother. I knew
my maternal grandmother very well.
maternal(adj) maternity(n) maternity ward,
mat leave, parental leave
ward- an specialized area of a hospital
nephrology ward- area specializing in kidneys
psychiatry ward
pediatric ward- children, pediatrician
cardiology- heart
neurology- brain
optomology/optometry- eyes
dermatology- skin
matriarch- head woman in the family, the boss
woman in the family
My wife wears the pants in the family.
IDIOM ‘wear the pants’ boss in the family
She has the last word.
IDIOM ‘have the last word’- you get final
decision, last one to talk
ARGUMENT You always
want the last word.
‘eat soft rice’
CHINESE- man supported by a woman, no job
He is a kept man.
She is a kept woman.
the patriarchy-
society controlled by men, power held by men
patriotic(adj) –
love your country, patriot
motherland- your
home country
Germany – fatherland
alpha- boss dog, the
big dog
I am Butter’s Alpha.
Restrictive and
non-restrictive clauses
Essential and
non-essential clauses
commas or no commas
around adjective clauses
e.g.
Janice’s husband, who lives in Hong Kong, visits
Vancouver every second month.
You can delete the
non-essentiual adj cl, and the sentence will still be clear.
Janice’s husband,
who lives in Hong Kong, visits Vancouver every second month.
Janice’s husband
visits Vancouver every second month.
Janice’s sister who
lives in Hong Kong visits Vancouver every second month. two or more sisters
We cannot delete the
essential clause and still have the sentence be clear.
, commas are breath
marks , take a beat, rest, pause
MORE INFORMATION TO
EXPLORE:
l Begin
Animal Farm
l Intro
George Orwell
Bio
Tests, projects: Test 1-3, Test
4-6, Final test, Individual projects
l “Chapter
1 Thought Questions”, p.c.
Get into small
group(4-5 people)
Assign
questions 1-8, then assign each group one character for question
Q2 majestic(adj) majesty(n)- royal,
like a king or queen
wise, respected, “highly regarded”
Q3 “miserable, laborious, and short”
misery(n)- unending
suffering
labour(n)- hard work
“slavery”
Test#3
You can have your stories out.
Quote from them if you wish, like we practiced.
Do not copy from the stories.
Who was a better role model for the students: Mr Wei or Mr Obi?
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