EF 1 2 Class 24 Modal auxiliaries

 

English Foundations 1&2

Speaking and Listening 1/2

 

Today’s class plan:

·      Simple future verb tense

·      Modals/Modal Auxiliaries

·      Finish exercises from yesterday

·      “Latin Music and Salsa”

·      listening exercise

 

 

Modals/ Modal Auxiliaries

Modals are auxiliary verbs that are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation/necessity, possibility, invitation, permission, or requests. Below is a list of the most useful modals and their most common meanings:

 

auxiliary – extra  AUX

 

Modal         Meaning                                   Example

can              to express ability                    I can speak English very well.

can              to request permission           Can I go to Foundations 4?

                                                                        Can I go to the bathroom?

 

could          to express possibility             I could help you tomorrow.

We could paint the room tonight.

 

may             to express possibility             I may/might be late for class.

may             to request permission           May I take the test again,

please?

May I go to the bathroom? (very polite)

might          to express possibility             She might call you later.

                                                                        We might have a test on Friday.

                                                                        I might go shopping tonight.

 

EXAMPLES I might visit my friend tonight.

                     Maybe I will visit my friend tonight.

 

must           to express obligation             I must leave at 4 o’clock.

                                                                        You must go to bed at 10.

 

should        to give advice                          You should go to the doctor.

You should visit my country. I think that you would like it.

I should go to the club where you play guitar.

I should take a bath after I go to the gym.

I should to listen to music.

I should buy groceries because my fridge is empty.

 

will              to show future                        I will not take my car today.

 

would         to request or offer                 Would you prefer a tea or

coffee?

 

NOTE          “Could I ....”

                    “Would you ....”

“Would you like some coffee?”

“Would you like some dessert?”

“Would you like some anything else?”

“Would you like a beer / bill?”

 

bill / cheque

“Could I have the cheque/bill, please?”

 

shall –         used very rarely, too formal “Let take our ten-minute break,

shall we?”

If you want to use, you can use for a very formal-sounding invitation.

“Shall we leave?”

Japanese movie, remade in English “Shall We Dance?”

“Shall we ダンス?”

very polite invitation – shall,  rare

“Shall we go?”

 

FOCUS ON THESE ONE: can could may might must should will would

can buy   can bought  present She can buy a new car.

 

be

can be   She can be a doctor if she wants.

will be   She be late tomorrow.

 

 

simple past                    I was in the class yesterday.

simple present             I am in the class right now.

simple future                I will be in the class tomorrow.

 

I could eat an apple yesterday.

I ate an apple yesterday.

 

I couldn’t eat my dinner yesterday. ability in the past

When she was little, she could do cartwheels.

When he was a kid, he could ride a bicycle.

We could go shopping tomorrow if you want.

 

CONTINUE TOMORROW

 

EF 7 11 Class 24- Animal Farm Ch1

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

Today’s agenda:

·      Return Test#3

Optional RW for a bonus point

SENTENCES!

·      Continue Animal Farm

AF Ch1

·      Talk about “” more, option

·      HW   Prepare AF Ch2- read, make notes for the thought questions

 

Thursday

·      Animal Farm Ch2

·      Continue adjective clauses- exercises from homework

 

Friday

·      Animal Farm Ch2

·      Quiz#2- 10 sentences complex sentences- adverb clauses, adjective clauses

 

Monday

·      Animal Farm Ch3

 

Tuesday

·      Animal Farm Ch3

 

Wednesday

·      Test#4 Animal Farm Ch1-3 Paragraph with “ ”

 

 

 

 

Test#3

Who was a better role model for the students, Mr. Wei or Mr. Obi?

 

STRUCTURE

Grabber- Use a grabber! 7 ways

Topic sentence- refers to the question, gives a clear controlling idea

Supporting sentences- give reasons, give evidence *3 is the magic number, “ “ quoted text

Concluding sentence

 

MAIN AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT

1.    Quality of the sentences: SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX

If you master these sentence types, you will be ready for any writing in English.

vf- verb forms     punc-punctuation , . ;

2.    Phrasing- authentic English

 

This is all opportunity to improve.

 

 

QUICK TIP:

Don’t start sentences with SOBA. It’s too casual for school writing.

 

And then Mr.Wei apologized. XXX

But he refused to listen to the elder. XXX

 

Then Mr.Wei apologized. After that, Mr.Wei apologized.

Immediately afterwards, Mr.Wei apologized.

 

However, he refused to listen to the elder.

Unfortunately, he refused to listen to the elder.

Unfortunately for him, he refused to listen to the elder.

 

Title of a novel – underline or italics

Animal Farm Animal Farm

In the beginning of Animal Farm, Old Major is the leader of the animals.

 

Title of a short story  “”

“I Confess”

In “I Confess”, Mr. Wei is a very good role model for his students.

 

REVIEW of ways to do grabbers/hooks:

1.    funnel

2.    anecdote

3.    historical

4.    fact/statistic

5.    question

6.    quotation

7.    idiom/saying

 

 

Mr. Wei is a strict and work hard. XXX

Mr. Wei is strict and works hard. parallel adj verb

Mr. Wei is strict and hardworking. parallel adj adj

 

Mr. Wei is a strict and hardworking teacher.

 

Mr. Wei is strict, and he works hard. COMPOUND

 

Mr. Wei, who is strict, is a hardworking teacher. COMPLEX- adj cl

Mr. Wei, who is a strict teacher, works hard. COMPLEX- adj cl

Mr. Wei is hardworking because he is such a strict teacher. COMPLEX- adv cl

Mr. Wei works as hard as he does because he is such a strict teacher. COMPLEX- adv cl

 

SIMPLE       COMPOUND       COMPLEX

 

“Chapter 1 Thought Questions”, p.c.

Get into small group(4-5 people)

 

Assign questions 1-8, then assign each group one character for question

 

Q2               majestic(adj) majesty(n)- royal, like a king or queen

                     wise, respected, “highly regarded”

Q3               “miserable, laborious, and short”

                     misery(n)- unending suffering

                     labour(n)- hard work

                     “slavery”

 

 

l  foreshadowing in Old Major’s speech

Major foreshadows whole story “we must not come to resemble [Man]… do not adopt his vices” (6)

-this is a hint of what is to come- foreshadowing

 

·      Read last bit of speech. pp5-6

“Marx Excerpts”, p.c.

Compare to Karl Marx quotation

“The immediate aim of the Communists is the... overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, [and] conquest of political power by the proletariat...  [T]he Communists everywhere support every revolutionary movement against the existing social and political order of things...  They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions.  Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.  Proletarians of all countries, unite!”

different translations from German “Workers of the world, unite!”

The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx

 

                     Class discuss: Are these ideas similar?  How?

 

Marx -  proletariat overthrowing the bourgeoisie, calling for unity of all workers

Old Major – animals overthrowing humans, calling for unity between all animals

 

- equate the character of Old Major with Karl Marx

 

l  Notes for question 9

 

■         Characters                      Characteristics

 

  Mr. Jones                                     farmer, alcoholic, drunkard, violent,

careless, irresponsible, doesn’t care for animals properly, cruel, wicked (very strong vocab)

 

  Old Major                                     pig, elder, wise, smart, visionary,

                                                       powerful, respected                                                                                                                                           “majestic-looking” “benevolent”                                                                                                                             “stout” (1)

 

  Bluebell, Jessie, Pincher           dogs

 

  Boxer                                             horse, “enormous” “strong as two

ordinary horses” (2), big, strong, likes to work, “tremendous power of work”, not smart, respected, “steadiness of character”, loyal, reliable, honest, naïve, looks stupid

 

 

  Clover                                            horse, “stout motherly mare”                                                  middle-aged, four foals, gentle to                                       ducks (2)

 

  Muriel                                           goat, minor character

 

  Benjamin                                      donkey, oldest, short-tempered, bad-

                     tempered, doesn’t talk much, taciturn,

close-lipped, “cynical”, “never laughed”, humourless, wise, “devoted to Boxer”(2), Boxer and Banjamin are close friends- opposites attract

 

IDIOM “like chalk and cheese”- different personalities

 

  Mollie                                            mare, pretty, foolish, pulled Mr. Jones

                                                       trap, “mincing” “lump of sugar”

                                              (3), flirting mane, ribbons

 

  Cat                                                 lazy, disengaged, spoiled, minor

                                                       character

 

  Moses                                           raven, tame, spy, major character,

                                                       represents the church, religion

 

  Rats                                               wild, outcasts

 

 

EF 1 2 Class 23 - past tense, "Rock and Roll", listening

 

English Foundations 1&2

Speaking and Listening 1/2

 

Today’s class plan:

·      Go over sentences from homework that you emailed me.

past tense

·      Continue with compound sentences

·      “Rock and Roll Music”

·      listening exercise

 

“Rock and Roll”

 

 

These are most of the sentences that you sent me for homework.

-focus on past tense

 

1.    This Mazda Car is was made in Mexico. 

2.    Was sent to Vancouver by the sea. 

It was shipped to Vancouver by sea. 

shipping

3.    I bought it in the Mazda dealer. 

4.    Do you went to Metro town?   …   Yes, I did 

Did you go to Metrotown?

5.    Do you spoke with the Mazda dealer representative? Yes, I did 

Did you speak

6.    Do you forgot this requirement?   …   No, I don’t 

Did you forget                                             No, I didn’t.

          EXAMPLES

          Did you bought buy the shoes.?

Did you ate eat yet?   YES/NO

Did you slept sleep well?   YES/NO

Did you do your homework?   YES/NO

Did you go to see your family last year?   YES/NO

 

7.    I spoke with my driving instructor! 

8.    I put all my documents in order! 

9.    I began learning English in 2023.

OR

I began to learn the English language in 2023.

 

10.                       I began a new job yesterday.

11.                       She chose her husband.

12.                       Ali and I got a book from the library.

13.                       She gave me some money yesterday.

14.                       She didn't give me any money yesterday.

15.                       I wanted buy a red car but it sold.

I wanted to buy a red car, but it sold. COMPOUND

He wanted to rent a house. He wanted to go shopping.

Sarah wanted to learn English.

When I was a kid, I wanted to be a fighter pilot.

 

16.                       Me and my sister My sister and I read the newspaper.

17.                       Me and my sister didn't read the email.

Me and my sister – casual way of writing

My sister and I – higher level writing, school writing

 

18.                       I thought about getting a new job.

19.                       I didn't think about getting a new job.

20.                       We wrote a letter for our teacher.

21.                       We didn't write a letter for our teacher.

22.                       I came from China on January 25th this year .

23.                       I bought a jeans in Richmond Center last Saturday.

jeans – plural

I bought some jeans in Richmond Center last Saturday.

I bought a pair of jeans in Richmond Center last Saturday.

EXAMPLES

a pair of pants

a pair of glasses

a pair of scissors

Please give me a pair of scissors.

 

24.                       I usually run in the morning.But yesterday I forgot it.

I usually run in the morning, but yesterday I forgot. COMPOUND

, comma

. period   fullstop

 

 

25.                       My wife got a flower from my daughter on Mother’s Day.

26.                       She gave the new dress to her daughter.

27.                       You told me about things your bad news yesterday.

28.                       I read the novel last week.

29.                       My son began to play chess three months ago.

OR

My son began playing chess three months ago.

 

30.                       He got up early yesterday because he had to go to a trip.

31.                       I saw an elephant when I went to the zoo.

32.                       She bought the new shoes for her son.

She bought the new pair of shoes for her son.

33.                       I took a test last Friday.

34.                       We went to the Costco last weekend.

35.                       I sent an email to my teacher last night.

36.                       They ate pizza for dinner yesterday.

37.                       I had a bicycle when I was a kid.

38.                       My son made brownies last week.

39.                       I forgot to buy vegetables for dinner last night.

40.                       She put her book on the table before she went to sleep.

41.                       I came to Canada ten months ago.

42.                       She chose a pink dress for her birthday party.

43.                       We saw red sea in turkiye three years ago,

We saw the Red Sea in Turkey three years ago.

 

44.                       Then i bought two maccahaito drink for my wife and i, And we got two cruise tickets.

Then I bought two macchiato drinks for my wife and I, and we got two cruise tickets.

 

45.                       We went on a  cruise with other people.

46.                       I tooke beautiful pictures on cruise, And sent pictures to my daugher on whatsApp.

I took beautiful pictures on the cruise, and I sent pictures/them to my daugher on whatsApp.

 

47.                       I didn’t forget that good day.

48.                       Dave chose a partner he thought could win to attend last week's science match.

Dave chose a business partner.

 

49.                       They got the money for the match winner.

50.                       Dave made a big cake for them.
Because he ate too much cake, he must go to the hospital.

51.                       He saw many people in the line when they arrived at the hospital.

52.                       The doctor told his mother that he was fine.

 

Excellent sentences! Good job.

 

simple present – everyday, usually, habitual action, always

simple past- one time, in the past

 

My daughter and I went to the shop.

I went to the shop with my daughter.

 

Finish “Rock and Roll”

 

Exercise 33 Vocabulary Practice: Word Knowledge

1.    summer

2.    glad

3.    leaves

4.    swim

5.    a chapter

6.    population

7.    a giraffe

8.    hard

9.    vegetables

10.                       special        unique  you-neek

11.                       ingredients

12.                       the audience

13.                       outstanding

14.                       a recipe

15.                       popular

16.                       an interview – a interview with your teacher, a job interview

17.                       huge

18.                       a piece of cake

19.                       absent

20.                       crowded

21.                       a spouse

22.                       a score

23.                       a team

24.                       a rug

25.                       a drawer   a cupboard

26.                       however

27.                       twice   once

28.                       slightly less than 100

29.                       middle

30.                       a star

31.                       originally

32.                       a dozen  12

33.                       about