Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 9:15.
Sikh temple in Surrey- distributing food to people stuck in
their cars
-
shovel and salt the sidewalk, walkway, and steps
in the morning
Drive carefully! Not too fast, not too slow.
Sentence Structure Tutorial – Tuesday 5-5:45
30 people
At 5:45, Zoom just shuts off.
Zoom has a 45-minute time limit.
Next Tuesday I’ll do it again.
You can sit in if you like.
Today’s agenda
·
Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses
·
Begin “What Happened During the Ice Storm”
Leading to a paragraph Test2
Thursday
·
Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses
·
Continue “What Happened During the Ice Storm”
Friday
·
Quiz4
OR
Test2 paragraph
COMPLEX SENTENCES- Adverb clauses
REVIEW OF SENTENCE STYLES
You can practice these every day.
You will be amazed at how good you will get at sentence writing.
*SIMPLE – 1 main/independent
clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
*COMPOUND , SOBA
; ; TRANS,
2 main clauses/independent clauses
joined together
1.
, FANBOYS , SOBA
2.
; semicolon
3.
; TRANS,
*COMPLEX - 1 main clause and 1
subordinate clause
- adverb clauses THIS WEEK
- noun clauses NEXT WEEK
- adjective clauses NEXT WEEK
COMPLEX SENTENCES=
simple sentence + subordinate
clause (dependent clause)
main clause + subordinate clause
main clause = independent clause
-independent-
independent person- by yourself,
support yourself, don’t need help, buy your own groceries, cook your own food,
do your own laundry
-dependent person – needs help,
can’t stand by yourself, need support, cook for them, drive them around
independent clause- a group of words
with SV, is a simple sentence
dependent clause- a group of words
with SV, not a sentence
The sky is blue. SIMPLE, INDEP CL
although it is chilly. DEP CL, FRAG
The sky is blue. Although it is chilly. XXX
The sky is blue although it is chilly. COMPLEX- ADV CL
COMPLEX SENTENCE- ADVERB CLAUSES
- because when if (most commonly
used)
Two ways to make a sentence with
an adverb clause
because – give a reason
Joan is happy today. Her son is visiting her. Two main clauses. Two
simple sentences.
Turn one of the main clauses into
a subordinate clause.
1. main
clause + adverb clause
Jun is happy today because
her son is visiting her.
Jun is happy because
her son is visiting her today.
Jun is happy today. Her son is visiting her. 2 SIMPLES
Jun is happy today because her son is visiting her. 1 COMPLEX, ADV CL
NOTE: no
comma before because
2. adverb
clause, + main clause
Because Jun’s
son is visiting her, she is happy today.
Because Jun’s
son is visiting her today, she is happy.
NOTE: need a comma
Either way is good. It is your
choice.
COMMON ERROR:
Jun is happy, because her son is visiting her today. XXX
Small error. No big deal.
** OLD-FASHIONED RULE- Don’t start your sentences with ‘because’.
It’s fine. I do. We can ignore this rule.
Because it’s snowy,
some people are a little late. OK
Because it’s snowy –
makes this the focus of the sentence
Some people are a little late
because it’s snowy. Alternative
Some people are a little late –
makes this the focus of the sentence
Either way is fine. It’s your
choice. This is more about style and intent than grammar.
COOMON ERROR
Some people are a little late, because it’s snowy. XXX
Don’t put a comma before
‘because’. You will see people do it, but it isn’t the best choice. Keep your
school writing at a more formal level.
This is a stylistic choice
concerning your writing style.
stylistic(adj) style(n)
DISCLAIMER: My writing and
speaking style tends to be more formal than many. I aim to keep my writing and
speaking style formal especially for work, school, and business. Take a
professional tone in a professional situation.
MAIN THING ABOUT COMMAS WITH
ADVERB CLAUSES:
The baby is crying because
she is tired. NO COMMA
Because the baby is tired,
she is crying. COMMA
MAIN CLAUSE (SIMPLE SENTENCE) +
ADVERB CLAUSE
MAIN CL + ADVERB CL = COMPLEX
SENTENCE
Do it like that. Everything will
be ok.
-when - time
1.
main clause
+ adverb clause
My dog gets up when I get up. no comma
2.
adverb clause, +
main clause
When I get up, my
dog gets up. comma
Call your sister when you get
home.
When you get home, call your
sister.
SAME MEANING- your choice
When Harim got up this morning,
she was surprised to see snow on the ground.
Harim was surprised to see snow on
the ground when she got up this morning.
when – same time, pretty much the
same time
after, before – not the same time
Harim was surprised to see snow on the ground after/when
she got up this morning.
when – one time, once
whenever- everytime, happens many
times
Whenever the dog has to pee, he rings a bell on the door.
My neighbour’s dog escapes
whenever they let it out in the backyard.
Whenever it rains, Mei takes an
umbrella.
Mei uses an umbrella whenever it
rains.
Mary gets nervous when she has a
test. SOUNDS OK
Mary gets nervous whenever she has
a test. SOUNDS BETTER
Whenever Jay watches scary movies,
he has nightmares.
night
mare- horse
Old superstition- People used to
believe that hearing a horse running at night was bad luck.
-if- maybe yes, maybe no, don’t
know, not decided
1. main
clause + adverb clause
Maria should start saving her
money if she wants to buy that expensive dress. no comma
2. adverb
clause, + main clause
If Maria wants to buy that
expensive dress, she should start saving her money.
comma
Call me if
you want to go for a hike.
If there is heavy snow,
listen to the radio regarding school cancellations.
Listen to the radio. imperative
(simple sentence)
Close the door if
we are being too noisy.
Practice everyday if you want to
get better at jujitsu.
***
Martial Arts – judo, karate,
aikido, jiujitsu, taekwondo
***
Model for adverb clauses:
Main clause adverb
clause.
Adverb clause, main clause.
**
***
**** YOUR CHOICE. You should be
able to do it both ways. GOAL! ****
‘if’ – past, present, future
My sister would play with her
dolls if she was bored. past
Let’s grab some coffee if you are
free now. present
I will call you if I need a lift
to the airport. future
EXAMPLES:
You should call your sister if you
want a ride from the airport.
If you want a ride from the
airport, you should call your sister.
You should call your sister, if
you want a ride from the airport. XXX punc
-small error, does not impede
understanding, still not right
IMPERATIVE: Call your sister.
Call your sister if you want to
get a ride.
If you want to get a ride, call
your sister.
REVIEW -
COMPOUND
2 independent clauses put together
COMPLEX
1 independent clause and 1
dependent clause put together
COMPOUND
We are going camping this weekend,
so we have to pack our gear.
COMPLEX
We have to pack our gear because
we are going camping this weekend.
Because we are going camping this
weekend, we have to pack our gear.
*Same information- different
sentence styles- compound and complex
We are going camping this weekend,
so we have to pack our gear.
We have to pack our gear because
we are going camping this weekend.
If you really want to use a comma in the middle of the
sentence, put the adverb clause first, or use a compound sentence.
e.g. Jan is late because it is snowing.
Because it is snowing, Jan is late. COMPLEX- adverb clause
It is snowing, so Jan is late. COMPOUND , SOBA
GOOD WORDS FOR ADVERB CLAUSES
* Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)
Learning these will expand your ability to express your
thoughts more clearly and precisely in English.
** When you learn these 24, you will be a rock star in your
English class!
time- after, before, ever since,
since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if,
even if, provided that, unless
manner- as,
as if, though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because,
since
purpose- in
order that, in order to, so that,
*after- time
The kids did their homework after supper. prepositional
phrase SIMPLE
The kids did their homework after SV supper. COMPLEX-
ADVERB CL
The kids did their homework after they finished/had/ate supper. no comma
After the kids finished supper, they did their
homework. comma
This is an important difference!
The kids did their homework after supper.
SIMPLE
The kids did their homework after they finished supper.
COMPLEX
After they finished supper, the kids did
their homework. COMPLEX
The kids finished supper, and they did their homework.
COMPOUND
This is all about choice!!
* before- Call me before you leave. complex- adverb clause
Call me before
8pm. simple
*since – two meanings: time, give a reason
since-time
May has lived in Canada since 1998. SIMPLE
May has lived in Canada since SV 1998. COMPLEX
May has lived in Canada since she moved/arrived/came/ immigrated/relocated here
from Vietnam in 1998. COMPLEX
* NOTE: simple past instead past perfect
Past perfect is not commonly used by native English
speakers.
May has lived in Canada since she had moved here
from Vietnam in 1998.
May has lived in Canada since she moved here from
Vietnam in 1998.
*since – reason, same as ‘because’
Joe is a little frustrated right now because the internet
keeps dropping out.
Joe is a little frustrated right now since the internet
keeps dropping out.
Because the internet keeps dropping out, I
am a little frustrated right now.
Since the internet keeps dropping out,
I am a little frustrated right now.
SWAP because = since
because/since – Your choice. Mix it up!
NOTE: due to + noun
I am a little frustrated right now due to the internet
dropping out. SIMPLE
‘dropping’- noun, gerund
*until – time (waiting for something else to happen)
I will wait until you finish.
Until you finish, I will wait. Don’t sound
natural. Sounds like poetry. Good for a poem or a song, or a love letter. Use
your ear. Does it sound good? Does it sound weird? Trust your ear.
Jen has been waiting for you until now. SIMPLE
Jan was waiting for you until 10 pm. SIMPLE
Jed was waiting for you until she fell asleep. COMPLEX
Jen was waiting for you until her sister called. COMPLEX
I will keep learning English until I am fluent.
COMPLEX
Sara will keep learning English until she is fluent. COMPLEX
Dave is waiting until he retires to start travelling.
NOTE: until –
good for writing
til – very
casual, good for talking not for writing
Same as ‘because’ -
for writing ‘cause’- very casual
talking, not for school writing
cause, cuz- casual, for spoken, not for writing
til- casual, for spoken, not for writing
gonna XXX going to
wanna XXX want to
*when/while
when – one time
while – two actions happening at the same time
You were working while your son was sleeping.
While you are in school, your kids are in daycare.
Students were using their cell phones while the teacher was
teaching.
STRANGE Maria was washing the dishes while the phone rang.
Maria was washing the dishes when the phone rang.
phone rang *
washing
_______________________________
Maria was washing the dishes while the phone was ringing.
UNLIKELY
while – Maria was washing the dishes while her husband was
sweeping the floor.
sweeping *******************************************
washing ___________________________________________
I can’t talk to you while I am driving. I will call you back
when I park my car.
Sarah was washing the dishes when the phone rang. one moment
in
time
Sarah was washing the dishes while Joe was watching TV.
My daughter was reading while I was playing guitar.
SPECIAL USAGE- while – show contrast, time
I get up early while you get up late.
Sarah is extroverted while her sister is intraverted.
Canada is cold while The Philippines is hot.
‘while’ time- fits well with continuous/progressive
tenses ‘ing’
My dog stares at me while I am sleeping.
My dog likes to hold hands while he is lying down.
He sings while he is driving. COMPLEX
He sings while driving. SIMPLE
She hums a song while she is working.
while + ‘ing’ GOOD MATCH
The music is beautiful while sad. sounds like grammar book
The music is beautiful but sad. sounds more authentic SIMPLE
The music is beautiful, but it is sad. COMPOUND
* since/ever since- time
since – time
ever since – feel like a long time
Marie has been waiting for the bus since 10:40. (less than ten
minutes) SIMPLE
Marie has been waiting for the bus ever since 10:00. (more
than 45 minutes) SIMPLE
ever since – feels like a long time
Mui has been living in Vancouver since she came to Canada.
COMPLEX
Mui has been living in Vancouver ever since she came to
Canada in 1975. COMPLEX -adverb clause – seems likes a long time, almost 50
years
We have been friends since we were nine years old.
We have been BFFs ever since we were nine years old.
BFF – Best Friends Forever (slang-teenager talk)
Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1990. simple
Maria has lived in Canada ever since she moved from
Indonesia in 1990. complex- adverb clause
Maria has lived in Canada since 2018. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in Canada ever since 1978. long time
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in Canada since she moved from Japan in
2018. COMPLEX SENTENCE adverb clause
Maria has lived in Canada ever since she moved
from Japan in 1978. long time
We have been in class since 8:30. doesn’t feel like a long
time
We have been waiting for the bus ever since 8:30. feels like
a long time
Time is dragging. It feels like time is standing still.
MODELS using ‘since’ in simple sentences:
I came to Canada since 2019. XXX
I came to Canada in 2019. SIMPLE
I have lived in Canada since 2019. SIMPLE
I have been in Canada for two years. SIMPLE
I lived in Canada since 2019. Not the best verb choice.
I have lived in Canada since 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April, 2019.
I have lived in Canada since April 24th, 2019.
CONTINUE TOMORROW
Quiz3
Write a compound sentence for each.
Submit it to me by 11:00.
1.
so slippery
2.
but breathe
3.
therefore beautiful
4.
moreover yell
5.
meanwhile freezing
6.
for instance branch
