teacherhaley: EF56 41 class- First Nations

English Foundations 5/6

Good morning, everyone.

We will get started at 8:30

Al Haley ahaley@vsb.bc.ca

Class blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com

Today’s agenda

· Return Test#4

· First Nations module

· Begin five-paragraph essay

· Comma splices

· Leftover exercises

Thursday

· Five-paragraph essay

· First Nations module

· Review

· Replacement test (optional)

Friday (final day)- not a teaching day, one-on-one consultation

· Marks day

· Final reports- one-on-one if you wish- unofficial final report- average, spoken comments

· First Nations/ Inuit/ Metis

· Where did these people come from?

· First Nations creation myths/ stories

myth – legend, fiction, story, explains real life

Greek Myth- Echo-nymph, Narcissus- narcissist

Every group has a creation story/myth

Bible- Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve

Shinto-

Koran-

Different First Nations groups have different creation stories.

· Read “The Beginning of the Haidi Gwaii World” on LCD

· Talk about Raven

- prominent role in the mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, including the Tsimishians, Haidas, Heiltsuks, Tlingits, Kwakwaka'wakw, Coast Salish, Koyukons, and Inuit. The raven in these indigenous peoples' mythology is the Creator of the world, but it is also considered a trickster god.

-two different raven characters:

-the creator raven, responsible for bringing the world into being and who is sometimes considered to be the individual who brought light to the darkness

-the childish raven, always selfish, sly, conniving, and hungry

The Beginning of the Haida Gwaii World

In the beginning, before the creation of the world, the earth was completely covered by a vast ocean and the sky was all grey clouds. The cloud kingdom was ruled by the great Sha-lana. Sha-lana's Chief servant was Raven.

One day Raven enraged his master and was cast out into the ocean world. He flew over the ocean for a long period of time until he became weary. Unable to find a place to rest, Raven became angry. He began to beat his wings upon the water until the water rose up and touched the clouds around him.

When the water receded back into the ocean there appeared rocks upon which Raven rested. These rocks grew and stretched across the ocean. The rocks turned into sand and after a short period of time trees began to grow on the sand. After many moons the sand had turned into beautiful islands, which we know today as the Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands).

Raven enjoyed his kingdom, yet he became bored and lonely. He decided he needed someone to help him. So one day he gathered two large piles of clam shells upon the beach and transformed them into two human females. These two women complained saying that they should not have both been created as women. So to make them happy Raven threw limpet shells at one and turned her into a man, creating the Haida Gwaii people."

Clark, E., Indian Legends of Canada, McClelland and Stewart: Toronto, 1991.

https://royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/exhibits/bc-archives-time-machine/galler07/frames/oralhist.htm

· Show pictures “Raven1” “Raven2” “Raven and the First Men”

“Spirit of Haida Gwaii”, other pictures jewelry

· Different First nations have different stories-

e.g.Micmac, Mi'kmaq, Glooscap

· Scientists- science-

anthropologists -anthropology – study of ancient people

Museum of Anthropology- UBC – focus on First Nations

-archeology- study of ancient humans, ancient civilations

First Nations – oral tradition, no writing system, all storytelling

Archeological theories about origins of First Nations

These are rough dates. Scientific knowledge is developing all the time.

- based on artifacts found: tools, firepits, bones, footprints

-many different types of hominids in the past

e.g Australpithicus, CroMagnon, Neanderthal, etc.

Evolution-

· 200 000 years ago, Homo Sapiens in Africa

· 60 000 years ago, humans leave Africa

50 000 years ago reach Australia

· Second wave

35 000 years ago reach Middle East and Central Asia

· 40 000 years ago into Europe

· 25 000 years ago- Ice Age, ice bridge between Russia and Alaska

· 15 000 years ago humans cross The Bering Strait into North America

· Show video “Map Shows How Humans Migrated Across the Globe” (2m30s)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJdT6QcSbQ0&list=RDCJdT6QcSbQ0&start_radio=1

· Explore website, LCD http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_groups/fp_groups_origins.html

MAYBE VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M43TYldfqzc (4m-13m)

Oldest footprints

https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/oldest-footprints-north-america-1.6187978

· First Nations reactions to these scientific theories

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-indigenous-communities-react-to-the-resurfacing-of-two-migration-theories-1.4479632

Listen to audio (9m) EXCELLENT

· Another article about Salutrian/Ice Bridge debate

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/ancient-toddler-s-remains-re-ignite-native-origins-debate-1.2534423

CONTACT - when the first European came to North America

· 1492 – Christopher Columbus

· European people came to North America in larger groups in 1500s

· cooperation- settlers dying of scurvy, lack of Vitamin C

long-standing problem for sailors

limey, pine needle tea

· Work through timeline

https://aboriginalconnections.wordpress.com/teacher-resources/bc-first-nations-historical-timeline/

· European settlers wanted the land that First Nations lived on.

· Put First Nations on Reservations all over Canada

· Many First Nations used to be nomadic, travel, no set home

incompatible with Western life

· Reservations, Reserves- put First Nations people on Reserves

often very poor land, poverty

· Blanket ceremony- https://www.kairoscanada.org/what-we-do/indigenous-rights/blanket-exercise

· European settlers to North America pushed First Nations out of their land and forced them to live on Reservations

· Next step was Residential Schools

a way to get rid of First Nations culture

· Between the 1860s and 1990s more than 150,000 First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children were required to attend Indian Residential Schools, institutions operated by religious organizations funded by the Federal Government.

· The Canadian government removed First Nation children from their families and communities and placed them in these institutions.

· The families didn’t have a choice.

· Many children were inadequately fed, clothed and housed, and many were abused, physically, emotionally and sexually. Their languages and cultural practices were prohibited.

· This is where the unmarked graves come from. These are children who died while in the schools.

There are so many questions about how this happened.

How did this happen?

How did these children die?

Why?

How could this have happened in Canada?

** The intention of the Residential Schools was to break the link between the children and their culture and families. The children were being trained to be workers, i.e. maids, labourers, cleaners.

So mant children dies because they were not cared for properly and often abused.

· https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/duncan-campbell-scott

OTHER RESOURCES

http://www.fnesc.ca/learningfirstpeoples/

https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/files/Early-Childhood/ns_-_residential_schools_resource_-_second_edition.pdf

http://www.fnesc.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/PUB-LFP-IRSR-11-12-Pt1-2015-07-WEB.pdf

http://www.fnesc.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/PUB-LFP-IRSR11-12-DE-Pt2-2015-07-WEB.pdf

http://www.fnesc.ca/grade-11-12-indian-residential-schools-and-reconciliation/

· VIDEO “Where Are the Children? Healing the Legacy of the Residential Schools”

https://vimeo.com/27172950 (25m)

GO OVER THIS WEBSITE ON LCD

· http://www.anishinabek.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/An-Overview-of-the-IRS-System-Booklet.pdf

· Introduction to Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Residential Schools

· National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation

Opening ceremony:

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/national-centre-truth-reconciliation-winnipeg-1.3301305

· EXPLORE Website:

http://umanitoba.ca/nctr/

GOOD PLACE TO START

· http://wherearethechildren.ca/en

Explore together

Walk through Timeline

* Choose one of the stories. Listen or read the transcript.

Didn’t this happen long ago in the past?

The last Residential School closed in 1996.

intergenerational trauma – the suffering and pain is passed down to the next generation

NOTE: I am not an expert on this. I know what I know from listening to survivors of Residential Schools. I have been fortunate to listen to many survivors of Residential Schools. Also I read books about this.

Please take what I told you as a starting point. You can read and learn more on your own.

Great hope for the future. e.g. Mamilaaq Qaqqaq.

Inuit facial tattoos

LOTS OF RESOURCES

Telling Our Twisted History https://overcast.fm/+uV32D9Icg

SURVIVOR TESTIMONY:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjrZpCJtNYk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn6jbkPgTzM

· Distribute “ConnieWalkerQuestions”, p.c.

LISTEN (13m56s)

http://www.cbc.ca/radio/backstory/connie-walker-and-the-first-hand-legacy-of-residential-schools-1.3359153

http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2680244159/