EF67
Today’s agenda
·
Grammar question from EF45
·
Continue “Using Quotations”
·
Continue complex sentences- adjective clauses
·
Begin “Dead Man’s Path”
Tuesday
·
Continue complex sentences- adjective clauses
·
Continue “Dead Man’s Path”
·
Continue “Using Quotations”
Wednesday
·
Test#4 Paragraph
on “Dead Man’s Path” with quoted material “ “
·
Continue complex sentences- adjective clauses
choose vocab for the quiz on adj cl Thursday
Thursday
·
Quiz#4 on adjective clauses
·
Begin presentation project
·
Listening exercise
·
Earthquake Drill- I’ll give you details later.
Friday is a Professional Development Day
No school for you
TWO WEEKS LEFT!
-essay writing
-presentation project
Grammar question from EF45
I don’t know how to explain the grammar.
She watched the kids play.
object
She watched a movie. object
SVO?
She watched the
kids play. object
SV?
play- noun?
She watched the
kids playing. gerund (noun)?
I watched the birds flying.
He listened to the birds singing. gerunds?
He listened to the birds sing.
some kind of phrase?
He listened to the birds (that were) singing. adjective
clause?
He listened to the birds singing on the tree / in the park.
She watched the kids
play. Why not ‘played’?
It doesn’t have to be past tense for some reason, or it is
not a verb.
I don’t know.
ChatGBT says: The gerund phrase "the birds
singing" acts as the object of the preposition "to" and
functions as a noun, representing the activity or action that he listened to
gerund phrase- new term for me
infinitive phrase- new term for me
Both are considered nouns.
Using quoted material in our writing- borrowing text from a
story.
Choose 1,2,3,4 words max. Incorporate the words into our sentences.
“enthusiasm”(n)
Mr Obi was very “enthusiastic” about being a headmaster.
incorporate this word into our sentence
Mr. Obi was showed/felt/exhibited/demonstrated “enthusiasm”(1)
about being a headmaster.
Express our ideas with appropriate vocabulary and phrasing.
“outspoken in his condemnation”
Mr. Obi was very “outspoken in his condemnation”(2) of the
villagers using the schoolyard as a footpath on the way to the shrine.
EASIER EXAMPLE
The old priest and Micheal had a “quarrel”(3) about the villager’
path.
Let’s try some. Write some sentences that refer to the story
that include quoted material.
Mr. Obi wanted to “eradicate”(3) the old traditions of the
villagers.
Mr. Obi wanted to wipe out/eliminate the old traditions of
the villagers.
We will continue with using quoted material tomorrow.
Focus on using ellipsis …
and square brackets [ ].
EXAMPLE
Mr. Obi’s school was destroyed the day after “a woman died
in childbed.” XXX
REVIEW Sentence types:
* SIMPLE- one main clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
STYLE ADVICE: If something is important and you want to
people to remember it, write it in a simple sentence.
-powerful, clear, direct
* COMPOUND – two main clauses joined together
1. , FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
Transitional words and terms: e.g. however therefore
also nevertheless to tell the truth in general
moreover
* COMPLEX – one main clause + one subordinate clause
1. adverb
clauses- because when if
since so that so...that, as, while, whenever, so that,
before, after, etc
2. noun clause- verbs- feel think say know
believe / pronouns?- that why how
3. THIS WEEK adjective clauses
***
COMPLEX SENTENCES
adjective clauses – more in-depth, more detailed
keep it as simple as possible to start- start basic and then
go deeper
adjective – describes a noun
the red hat adjective
the nice red hat adjective
He is wearing a green hat.
green- new at a job, don’t know what you’re doing yet
ASIDE:
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES (or other nouns functioning as
adjectives):
opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose
NOUN
It is a beautiful diamond ring.
It is a diamond beautiful ring. XXX
opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose
NOUN
My grandmother broke her gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.
Shari loves to listen to ancient Persian music.
The dog plays with a big round plastic chew toy.
Yuko collects old Japanese tea sets.
It is a beautiful brand-new oval blue diamond. MAYBE TOO
MANY ADJS
DETAIL ABOUT PUNCTUATION , commas
It is an expensive, beautiful diamond ring.
That is a cute, charming baby.
I got some coffee cups. coffee- noun, acting like
an adjective
I love coffee. Coffee- noun, acting like a noun
neck tie school
book sports shoes eyeglasses
water bottle
individual adjectives – good for simple ideas
e.g black tea, herbal tea, green tea, Orange Pekoe, mint
tea, apple tea
cinnamon tea
more complicated, in-depth description – use adjective
clauses
e.g. I love the tea that my sister makes from flower
petals.
complicated ideas – my sister made it, made from flower
petals
I love my sister’s flower-petal tea.
More complicated ideas- use an adjective clause
Three most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that
which
*** 95% of the time- who that which ***
Other less commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses:
whom, where, whose
PARTICULAR POINT OF CONFUSION
whom – rarely used, very fancy sounding, sounds like a
grammar book
Native English speakers rarely use ‘whom’. We say ‘who’.
MY FREE ADVICE: Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important.
One exception about ‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know
who will be receiving the letter
GREETING: To whom it may concern,
Not an everyday occurrence. Pretty rare.
Get the words right!
To whom it may concern,
FORMAL SOUNDING ENGLISH
preposition + whom
to whom from
whom with whom
With whom are you speaking? EXTREMELY FORMAL STYLE, STIFF,
SERIOUS
Who are talking to? CASUAL
Pick your tone. Who are you talking to? What impression are
you trying to make?
FOCUS ON HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS: who that which – 95%
of the time
*who – used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds
polite and respectful, you can use it for all people
*that- things that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a
little disrespectful, sounds like you don’t like that person)
SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:
The guy that my sister married is a creep. adjective
clause
creep- a person who gives you a weird negative feeling,
makes you feel uncomfortable
The man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective
clause
That people that did not respect me are now out of my
life.
The people who are my true friends will always be
with me.
‘that’ -tricky word in English, many uses in English
Who is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite
Who is that woman you were talking to?
That is a beautiful baby!
Is that your son? -sounds ok
*which- special things (special to you), unique things
This is a watch that I bought last week. not special, just a
watch
I really like the watch which my dad gave me for my 18th
birthday. special
wedding ring – which
necklace that your grandmother gave you – which
toothbrush – that
glasses- that
*which – special things, unique things
special things- You decide if it is special to you.
I have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special
thing to me
She has a necklace which her son made for her.
Mei is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother
gave to her.
Shirin is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother
gave to her. (sounds like a regular necklace, not special)
Clara put the picture which her son painted for her
up on the fridge.
unique things- only one in the world
Beijing, which is the capital of China, hosted the
2022 Olympic Winter Games. unique
GOOD RULE OF THUMB: only one, put commas around it
Edmonton, which has a huge indoor mall, is in north
Alberta.
Marta visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX
sounds like there are several Eiffel Tower
The CN Tower, which is in Toronto, has the Edgewalk.
Continue tomorrow
who-people
that-things, animals
which- special things, unique things
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