Good morning.
We will get started at 8:30.
Today’s Agenda:
· Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses
Quiz
tomorrow or Wednesday
· Writing Process – ‘Prewriting and Writing
for Paragraphs”
·
Tuesday
· Quiz#2 adverb clauses (OR WEDNESDAY)
· Begin types of paragraphs- narrative,
definition, descriptive, opinion, process
· Narrative writing
Wednesday
· Continue Narrative paragraph
Thursday
· Test #2? Narrative paragraph
Friday
· Definition writing
GOOD WORDS FOR
ADVERB CLAUSES
* Adverbial
conjunctions (adverb clause words)
Learning these
will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in
English.
** When you learn
these 24, you will be a star in your English class!
time- after, before, since, ever since,
until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if, even if, provided that, unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even
though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so
that,
GOOD WORDS FOR
ADVERB CLAUSES
* Adverbial
conjunctions (adverb clause words)
Learning these
will expand your ability to express your thoughts more clearly and precisely in
English.
** When you learn
these 24, you will be a star in your English class!
time- after, before, since, ever since,
until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if, even if, provided that, unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even
though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so
that,
*after- time
The kids did their
homework after supper. prepositional phrase SIMPLE
The kids did their
homework after SV supper. COMPLEX- ADVERB CL
The kids did their
homework after they finished/had/ate supper. no comma
After the kids
finished supper, they did their homework. comma
This is an
important difference!
The kids did their
homework after supper. SIMPLE
The kids did their
homework after they finished supper. COMPLEX
After they
finished supper, the kids did their homework. COMPLEX
After the kids
finished supper, they did their homework. COMPLEX BETTER
After she called,
… Who is she?
After Mary called,
… BETTER
The kids finished
supper, and they did their homework. COMPOUND
Writing a variety
of sentence styles.
Choice!! Variety!!
Keeping your
writing fresh and interesting.
* before- Call me
before you leave. complex- adverb clause
Call me before 8pm. Simple
Let the puppy out before he pees on
the floor. COMPLEX- ADV CL
Before the puppy
pees on the floor, let her/it out. Does it sound good? Does it sound natural
and authentic? Grammar is ok, but it doesn’t sound authentic. It sounds it a
little unnatural and weird.
I don’t know how
to teach that. That’s your job to become more familiar with authentic English.
Authentic- real life,
actual usage, recognizable
Mei cooks
authentic Xian noodles.
• since – two meanings: time, reason,
because
since-time
Mrs Mok has lived
in Canada since 1998. SIMPLE
Mrs Mok has lived
in Canada since SV 1998. COMPLEX SV
Mrs Mok has lived
in Canada since she moved/arrived/came/immigrated here from Vietnam in 1998.
COMPLEX- ADV CL
* NOTE: simple
past instead past perfect
Past perfect is
not commonly used by native English speakers.
May has lived in
Canada since she had moved here from Vietnam in 1998.
May has lived in
Canada since she moved here from Vietnam in 1998.
-since – reason,
same as ‘because’
Joe is a little
frustrated right now because the internet keeps dropping out.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now since the internet keeps dropping out.
Because the
internet keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated right now.
Since the internet
keeps dropping out, Joe is a little frustrated right now.
because/since –
Your choice. Mix it up! Variety is a strength in writing.
Don’t be like
Barack Obama. – same suit everyday
because of + noun/
noun clause
due to + noun
SIMPLE
Joe is a little
frustrated right now because of the internet.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now because of the internet.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now because of problems with the internet.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now because of internet problems.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now due to the internet.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now due to the internet.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now due to problems with the internet.
Joe is a little
frustrated right now due to internet problems
I am a little
frustrated right now due to the internet dropping out.
because SV
because of NOUN
due to NOUN
according to +
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
According to CNN,
Trump may run again in 2024.
I am very
confusing person to live with according to my wife.
You are a very
difficult person to be around because you are all over the place.
SIMPLE
‘dropping’- noun,
gerund
*until – time
(waiting)
I will wait until
you finish.
Until you finish,
I will wait. Don’t sound natural. Sounds like poetry. Good for a poem or a
song, or a love letter. Use your ear. Does it sound good?
We were was
waiting for you until 10 pm. SIMPLE
I was waiting for
you until I fell asleep. COMPLEX- ADV CL
You were waiting
until your sister called you. COMPLEX
I will keep
learning English until I am fluent. COMPLEX
Sara will keep
learning English until she is fluent. COMPLEX
fluent(adj)-
expert, authentic, natural-sounding
Junko isn’t fluent
in English, but she can get by.
NOTE: until – good
for writing
- til – very
casual, good for talking not for school writing
Same as
‘because’ - for writing ‘cause’- very casual talking, not for
school writing
til- casual, for
spoken, not for writing
cause, cuz-
casual, for spoken, not for writing, no good for school
until and because
– good for school wriitng, business writing, important writing
• when/while
when – one time
occurence, individual occurrence
while – two
actions happening at the same time
occurrence(n)
occur(v)- happening, happen
You were working
while your family was sleeping.
While you are in
school, your kids are in daycare.
Students were
using their cell phones while the teacher was teaching.
STRANGE Maria was
washing the dishes while the phone rang.
phone rang *
¬¬¬¬washing _______________________________
Maria was washing
the dishes while the phone was ringing. UNLIKELY
Sarah was washing
the dishes when the phone rang. MORE LIKELY
one moment in time
while –
Sarah was washing
the dishes while Joe was watching TV.
Maria was washing
the dishes while her husband was sweeping the floor. MORE LIKELY OCCURRENCE
sweeping
*******************************************
washing ___________________________________________
I can’t talk to
you while I am driving. I will call you back when I park my car.
My daughter was
reading while I was playing guitar.
*while –
comparison, show difference
I get up early
while you get up late.
Mei is very short
while Doris is very tall.
Vancouver is cold
and rainy while Mexico City is hot and dry. COMPLEX ADV CL
Vancouver is cold
and rainy, but Mexico City is hot and dry. COMPOUND
Vancouver is cold
and rainy; however, Mexico City is hot and dry.
COMPOUND
Her daughter loves
school while her son is really not into it.
‘into it’ ‘into
something’ – enjoy it, your thing, your hobby, your passion
Nasrin is really
into outdoor activities.
I’m not into it.
It’s not my thing.
TRUE FACT: It is
difficult to differentiate between these right now. That will come with
practice.
PRO TIP
‘while’ fits well
with continuous/progressive tenses ‘ing’
Her dog stares at
her while she is eating supper.
Her sister scrolls
through her phone while she is watching Netflix.
She found a scroll
in a bottle floating in the ocean. It was a message in a bottle.
NEW IDIOM ‘doom
scrolling’- scrolling on your phone for a long time out of boredom, wasting time
Julie winds up
doom scrolling before she falls asleep every night.
doom scrolling –
surfing the internet, usually on your phone, without direction
IDIOM wind up- the
end result, didn’t plan it
Jun lived in many
countries but wound up in Canada.
Alex wanted to be
a writer, but he wound up teaching English.
stroll(v) – walk
casually, slowly, without direction
stroller- baby
carriage
He sings while he
is driving. COMPLEX
He sings while
driving. SIMPLE driving- gerund
I read while
listening to music.
I read while I
listen to music.
What’s the main
activity?
I listen to music
while I am reading. Reading
I drive while I am
listening to the news.
I listen to the
news while I’m driving. ‘driving’ is the main activity
I am listening to
the news while I’m diriving- present progressive- right now
I listen to the
news while I’m diriving- simple present- usually, habit
The music is
beautiful while sad. sounds like grammar book
The music is
beautiful but sad. sounds more authentic SIMPLE
The music is
beautiful, but it is sad. COMPOUND
* since/ever since
since – time
ever since – feels
like a long time
Marie has been
waiting for the bus since 9:30. (less than five minutes) SIMPLE
Marie has been
waiting for the bus ever since 9:00. (more than 35 minutes) SIMPLE
ever since – feels
like a long time, your emotion, your feeling
Mui has been
living in Vancouver since she came to Canada. COMPLEX
Mui has been
living in Vancouver ever since she came to Canada in 1975. COMPLEX -adverb
clause
We have been
friends since we were nine years old. OK
We have been BFFs
ever since we were nine years old. BETTER
BFF – best friends
forever, IDIOM
We will be BFFs
even when we are old and grey.
Maria has lived in
Canada ever since 1990. simple
Maria has lived in
Canada ever since she moved from Indonesia in 1990. complex- adverb clause
Maria has lived in
Canada since 2018. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in
Canada ever since 1978. long time SIMPLE SENTENCE
Maria has lived in
Canada since she moved from Japan in 2018. COMPLEX SENTENCE adverb clause
Maria has lived in
Canada ever since she moved from Japan in 1988. long time
We have been in
class since 8:30. doesn’t feel like a long time
We have been
waiting for the bus ever since 8:30. feels like a long time
since/ ever since
– depends on your feeling, express your underlying emotion about a situation
MODELS using
‘since’ in simple sentences:
I came to Canada since
2019. XXX
I came to Canada
in 2019. SIMPLE
I have lived in
Canada since 2019. SIMPLE
I have been in
Canada for two years. SIMPLE
I lived in Canada
since 2019. Not the best verb choice.
I have lived in
Canada since 2019.
I have lived in
Canada since April, 2019.
I have lived in
Canada since April 24th, 2019.
*whenever -every
time, happens over and over
Whenever her dog
is left alone, he tips over the garbage and makes a mess.
Her dog tips over
the garbage and makes a mess whenever he is left alone.
Emiko feels
homesick whenever she looks at her photo album of family pictures.
Whenever Emiko
looks at her photo album of family pictures, she feels homesick.
Whenever he drinks
water, he spills it all over himself like a kid.
*if
Sarah will go to
the party if she is free.
We will go to the
park if it is sunny.
If it is sunny, we
will go to the park.
*even if –
opposite of ‘if’
Sarah will not go
to the party even if she is free.
We will go to the
park even if it is not sunny.
A B
Sarah will go to
the party if she is free.
B affects A, A
depends on B
A
B
Sarah will not go
to the party even if she is free.
B does not affect
A, A does not depend on B
Jun will not buy a
new phone even if it is on sale.
Jun will buy a new
phone if it is on sale.
I will buy a new
phone if I can afford it. Will I buy a new phone? YES/NO
I will not buy a
new phone even if I can afford it. Will I buy a new phone? NO
* even though –
the situation is true, not conditional
* even if – maybe
YES, maybe NO, conditional
Sheila will not go
to the party even though she was invited. Was she invited? YES
Sheila will not go
to the party even if she is invited. Was she invited? Uncertain. YES/NO
I go kayaking even
if it is raining. Is it raining? Not sure.
I go kayaking even
though it is raining. Is it raining? Yes.
A good way to
change the subject:
Anyway…
Anyhow…
CONTINUE TOMORROW
For homework, try
a few on your own. Email them to me.
Don’t do just
‘because’. Try some of the new ones from today.
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