Good morning, everyone.
We’ll get started at 11:00.
Today’s agenda:
·
Continue compound sentences
; TRANS
Quiz#2 tomorrow or Thursday
·
Paragraph work
Present perfect verb tense
Wednesday
·
Quiz#2 MAYBE
·
Begin complex sentences
Thursday
;
; semicolons
: colon
; semicomma
Mei likes chocolate. Dave likes ice cream. TWO SIMPLES
Mei likes chocolate, and Dave likes ice cream. COMPOUND ,
SOBA
Mei likes chocolate; Dave likes ice cream. COMPOUND ;
, and REPLACE ;
Mei likes chocolate; however, Dave likes ice cream.
COMPOUND ; TRANS,
, but = ; however,
It is cloudy, but it isn’t raining.
It is cloudy; however, it isn’t raining.
, but REPLACE ; however,
**punc ; however,
**** We will learn about 20 of these:
also in addition
therefore as a
result
generally
for example for
instance
moreover most importantly
similarly
however instead
first firstly first of all second
next then
in conclusion in
short
*also- and
Tomorrow, Mei wants to go for a walk in Stanley Park;
also, she wants to ride her bike on the Seawall.
Tomorrow, Mei wants to go for a walk in Stanley Park, and
she wants to ride her bike on the Seawall.
, SOBA
*in addition – and
Sarah is doing Pre-Calculus 12; in addition, she is
taking First People’s 12.
Sarah is doing Pre-Calculus 12, and she is taking
First People’s 12.
*therefore - result
Junko forgot her umbrella at home; therefore, she got
soaked.
Junko forgot her umbrella at home, so she got soaked.
*for example
Vancouver has a lot of amenities; for example, there are
community centres, parks, and restaurants.
*most importantly
In order to be healthy, you have to eat right and exercise;
most importantly, you must get enough sleep.
There are many things that you can do to be healthy; most
importantly, you should eat right and exercise.
Parallel: eat
well VERB ADVERB
exercise VERB regularly ADV
exercise regularly
You should eat right and exercise regularly. NICE STYLE
You should get regular exercise.
regular exercise ADJ NOUN
healthy food ADJ NOUN
You should eat healthy food and get regular exercise.
PARALLEL - eat healthy food
get regular exercise. VERB ADJ NOUN
Parallel structures make your sentences strong and balanced.
*however but
Joy doesn’t like skiing, but she loves dancing hiking.
Joy doesn’t like skiing; however, she loves hiking.
Joy doesn’t like to ski; however, she loves hiking. not parallel
Joy doesn’t like to ski; however, she loves to hike.
parallel
like love prefer
begin start continue
can’t stand
+ gerund OR infinitive
Gerund ‘ing’ noun
hiking biking eating living
Infinitve ‘to ABC’ to hike to bike to eat to live
May likes living in Burnaby. May likes to live in Burnaby.
John would prefer to go to Japan for his vacation.
John prefers staying home.
Dora began to do yoga last October.
Dora began doing yoga last October.
Mavis will continue to play guitar in her band.
Mavis will continue playing guitar in her band.
can’t stand- a bit less than ‘hate’
I can’t stand listening to anti-vaxxers.
You can’t stand to listen to Justin Beiber.
CHOICE
Jun wants to move to Canada. Her husband wants to stay in Korea.
Jun wants to move to Canada, but her husband wants to stay
in Korea.
Jun wants to move to Canada; however, her husband wants to
stay in Korea.
Jun wants to move to Canada. However, her husband wants to
stay in Korea.
*** I want you to
have choices when you are writing sentences.
Don’t be like Barack Obama.
Let’s try some compound sentences with semicolons on our
own.
Focus on these transitional terms:
also
in addition
therefore
as a result
for example
for instance
moreover
most importantly
similarly
however
first firstly first of all second
next then
in conclusion
Your examples:
There are a lot of activities you can do at the community
centre; for example, playing basketball, working out, and playing squash. XXX
There are a lot of activities you can do at the community
centre; for example, SV playing basketball, working out, and playing squash.
There are a lot of activities you can do at the community
centre; for example, you can play basketball, work out, and play squash.
COMMON ERRORS
You can have a tea, or a coffee. XXX
FIX You can have a tea or a coffee.
You can have a
tea, or a coffee. SV SIMPLE
You can have a tea or a coffee.
You can have a tea, or SV a coffee. COMPOUND
You can have a tea, or you can have a coffee.
Mary likes chocolate; but, Joe likes ice cream. XXX
FIX
Mary likes chocolate, but Joe likes ice cream.
Mary likes chocolate; however, Joe likes ice cream.
Mary likes chocolate; on the other hand, Joe likes ice
cream.
TWO DIFFERENT WAYS TO GIVE THE SAME INFORMATION:
therefore so
It takes a lot of work to run the temple; therefore, many
people volunteer their time.
It takes a lot of work to run the temple; for this reason,
many people volunteer their time.
It takes a lot of work to run the temple, so many people
volunteer their time.
REVIEW FOR HOMEWORK
Quiz#2 compound
, SOBA
therefore
however
moreover
also
for example
I will choose six of those for the quiz.
You can have a tea or a coffee. SIMPLE
You can have a tea, or you can have a coffee. COMPOUND
Which way do you like more? Up to you. You should be able to
do it both ways.
My advice is to mix it up.
STEP 2 for compound sentences- ; semicolon
STEP 3 for compound sentences- ; semicolon and transitional words
; however,
“Compound Sentence Exercises”
Combine the sentences in each exercise using , SOBA.
1. David
likes to swim. He hates to hike.
SOBA? Which one would be the
best choice?
David likes to swim, but he
hates to hike.
2. John
likes video games. John likes reading.
John likes video games and likes
reading. SVV SIMPLE
John likes video games and reading.
SV SIMPLE
John likes video games, and
he likes reading. SV, and SV. COMPOUND
**IMPORTANT**
The whole point of this work
is to give you choice!
You will be able to choose
what kind of sentence you want to write.
3. Stephen
must study. Stephen will not pass the test.
4. Jill
should show up on time. Jill will not be able to enter.
5. Susie
loves to read books. Susie loves to do her homework.
6. Irene
likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.
7. Michael
likes basketball. Stephen likes basketball..
8. Make
sure to get to the airport two hours before your plane is due to leave. You
will miss your flight.
9. The
dangers of smoking are well known. Many people
continue to smoke anyway.
10.
It's important to put your goals in writing. You must
also be committed to achieving them.
“Compound Sentence Exercises”
Combine the sentences in each exercise using , SOBA.
1.
David likes to swim. He hates to hike.
2. John
likes video games. John likes reading.
3. tephen
must study. Stephen will not pass the test.
4. Jill
should show up on time. Jill will not be able to enter.
5. Susie
loves to read books. Susie loves to do her homework.
6. Irene
likes to draw. Rita likes to draw.
7. Michael
likes basketball. Stephen likes basketball..
8. Make
sure to get to the airport two hours before your plane is due to leave. You
will miss your flight.
9. The
dangers of smoking are well known. Many people
continue to smoke anyway.
10.
It's important to put your goals in writing. You must
also be committed to achieving them.
Continue with compound sentences:
STEP 1 for compound sentences
SV, SOBA SV.
, so , or , but
, and
Other teachers teach SV,
FANBOYS SV.
, SOBA is more authentic, real everyday English usage.
- SV, for SV. She is tired today, for she had insomnia last
night.
insomnia – can’t get to sleep
-SV, yet SV. He is short, yet he is a good basketball player.
-SV, nor SV. She doesn’t like swimming, nor does she like skiing.
Much less commonly used. Grammar-book English.
MORE AUTHENTIC
- SV, for SV. She is tired today because she had insomnia last
night. COMPLEX SENTENCE – adverb clause
-SV, yet but SV. He is short, but he is a good basketball
player.
-SV, nor SV. She doesn’t like swimming or skiing.
, SOBA- Basics, you can say anything you want with , SOBA
, SOBA – general ideas, not specific, not focussed, good broad
ideas
STEP 2
SV; SV.
Now, we will go into a deeper level of compound sentences.
We already know about , SOBA
The next step is this ;
semicolon
: colon – one usage is when you giove more information, explain
‘Mei has three kids: two boys and a girl.’
‘Jorge has lived in several countries: Canada, Mexico, and the
US.’
‘I am taking two classes right now: EF5 and Math 7.’
; semicolon semi-half
We use semicolons in compound sentences.
Higher level- fancier, prestige writing, polished, looks great
Well worth learning!
Sometimes people are nervous or uncertain about semicolons.
They aren’t that bad.
Use ; instead of , SOBA
Replace it just like a Lego block.
David likes to swim, but he hates to hike. *jeans and a nice
shirt*
David likes to swim; he hates to hike. -looks high level *nice
suit*
John likes video games, and he likes reading.
John likes video games; he likes reading.
Substitute , and with ;
5 ways to write the same thing:
Susie loves to read
books. Susie loves to do her homework. Two SIMPLE
Susie loves to read
books and loves to do her homework. SIMPLE
Susie loves to read
books and do her homework. SIMP
Susie loves to read
books, and she loves to do her homework. COMP
Susie loves to read
books; she loves to do her homework. COMP
You have a lot of
good choices here.
3 ways to write the
same thing:
Irene likes to draw.
Rita likes to draw.
Irene and Rita both
like to draw. SIMPLE
Irene likes to draw,
and Rita likes to draw. COMPOUND
Irene likes to draw;
Rita likes to draw. COMPOUND
, so OR ;
, or OR ;
, but OR ;
, and OR ;
It is supposed to
rain tomorrow night; we won’t play volleyball.
Suggests/implies , so
COMMON ERROR
It is supposed to
rain tomorrow night; so, we won’t play volleyball. XXX
FIX It is supposed
to rain tomorrow night, so we won’t play volleyball.
, so
, or
, but
, and
comma goes with SOBA
, so , or
, but , and
semicolons- -not used all the time, oftenrarely used, looks
really good
REVIEW OF COMPOUND SENTENCES
* STEP 1
SV, SOBA SV.
* STEP 2
SV; SV.
* STEP 3
TRANSITIONAL WORDS – usually used with semicolons
Transitional words are powerful! They will change how you express
your ideas.
e.g. however therefore also
nevertheless meanwhile
Transitional words will really make your writing precise. You
will be able to say exactly what you want to say.
, SOBA – only four choices, broad ideas
TRANSITIONAL WORDS- dozen and dozens of choices
* I will give about 80 to read over and start to learn. If you
learn 20 of them, you’ll be in good shape.
John likes video games and reading. SIMPLE
John likes video games, and he likes reading. COMPOUND
John likes video games; he likes reading. COMPOUND neutral
meaning
John likes video games; also, he likes reading. COMPOUND-
expresses your opinion, relationship between the clauses, shows your intention
for the sentence-what you want the sentence to say
John likes video games; he likes reading, also. OK
COMPOUND- HIGHER LEVEL- IGNORE THIS FOR NOW
; also, = shows connection, similarity
, so – give a reason
It is rainy today. I didn’t bring my bike. SIMPLE
It is rainy today, so I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
It is rainy today; I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND
neutral
It is rainy today; therefore, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND-
very common
MANY CHOICES.
It is rainy today; accordingly, I didn’t bring my bike. COMPOUND-less
common
It is rainy today; as a result, I didn’t bring my bike.
It is rainy today; consequently, I didn’t bring my bike.
It is rainy today; thus, I didn’t bring my bike.
You can develop your active vocabulary, the words you use, the
vocab that comes to your mind.
passive vocab – the words you understand
active vocab – the words you actually use
Sarah loves to play sports; for example, she plays
volleyball, badminton, football and tennis.
Sarah loves to play sports; for example, volleyball,
badminton, football and tennis. XXX SV missing
Sarah loves to play sports; for instance, she plays
volleyball, badminton, football and tennis. Sounds good!
Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; Mei grew up on
a farm in rural China.
Junko grew up in a small village in Japan; similarly, Mei
grew up on a farm in rural China.
Dave works as an electrical engineer; similarly, Hakim is
an electrician.
CONTINUE TOMORROW
Davis likes to swim but hates
to hike.
David likes to swim, but
he hates to hike.
David likes to swim; he
hates to hike. neutral meaning
David likes to swim; however,
he hates to hike.
On one hand, David likes to swim;
on the other hand, he hates to hike.
on the other hand – compare
two things
Sheri likes the iPhone 13; on
the other hand, the Galaxy 9 is pretty nice, too.
, too decoration, embellishment, icing on the cake
“Introduction to Transitional
Terms”, p.c.
Transitional Terms
Transitional words and phrases
help paragraphs read more smoothly by improving the connections between
supporting sentences.
MODEL: Use a
period or semicolon between the sentences and a comma after the transitional
term.
For example: Richmond is an exciting city to live
in; in particular, its Asian influence makes for a very multicultural
environment. COMPOUND
Richmond is an exciting city
to live in. In particular, its Asian influence makes for a very multicultural
environment. 2 SIMPLES
David likes to swim. He hates
to hike. 2 SIMPLES
Davis likes to swim but hates
to hike. SIMPLE
David likes to swim, but
he hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim; he
hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim; however,
he hates to hike. COMPOUND
David likes to swim. However,
he hates to hike. 2 SIMPLES
There is a lot of wonderful
choice here for our sentence writing.
MY ADVICE: Use semicolons sparingly. A semicolon helps glue
two main clauses together. A semicolon show that the two are closely connected.
HERE ARE ABOUT 80 FOR YOU TO USE:
Addition ,
and
; also, ; furthermore,
; in addition,
Consequence
, so
; accordingly, ; as
a result, ; consequently, ; for this reason,
; for this purpose, ; hence, ; subsequently, ; therefore, ; thus,
Generalizing
as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, ,
ordinarily, usually
e.g. Mike likes to stay fit; as a rule, he gets 30 minutes
of exercise every day.
Mike likes to stay fit; generally speaking, he gets 30
minutes of exercise every day.
Exemplifying
chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, namely,
particularly, specifically, for one thing, as an illustration, as an example, for
example
Emphasis – shows something is most important
above all, chiefly, especially, particularly, in particular,
singularly, moreover, most importantly
Similarity
correspondingly, likewise, similarly, by the same token,
Contrast ,
but
conversely, instead, on one hand, on the other hand, on the
contrary, rather, however, in contrast
e.g. Canada has public medical coverage for its citizens,
but the US has mostly private medical coverage.
Canada has public medical coverage for its citizens; on the
contrary, the US has mostly private medical coverage.
Sequence
at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place,
at the same time, for now, for the time being, in time, in turn, later on,
next, then, soon, later, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, finally
Restatement
in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say,
to put it differently
Summarizing – alternatives to in conclusion
after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by
and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in
short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum
up, to summarize, in a nutshell
Learn these. Study these. You
probably know a bunch of them already.
Your sentence writing ability
will just keep getting bigger and bigger.
No comments:
Post a Comment