Good morning.
We will get started at
8:30.
Reg for Summer begins
Wednesday, June 1.
I will give out midterm
recs on Tuesday.
These will be based on
Quiz1,2,3, Test1,2, and spoken.
Today’s Agenda:
· Run-on sentences
· Continue adjective clauses
Choose vocab
· Definition writing
Monday
· Test#3 definition writing
· Continue adjective clauses
Your
examples from homework
· Explain midterm recommendations
Tuesday
· Midterm recommendations
Explain and meet
one-on-one
Wednesday, June 1- First day
of registration for Summer term
Wednesday
· Quiz 3- adjective clauses
· Begin noun clauses
Run-on sentences – Correction
Code RO
-
sentence that
goes on too long, two or three sentences jammed together without proper
punctuation
e.g. May likes ice cream I like chocolate.
RO
May likes ice cream. I
like chocolate.
May likes ice cream; I
like chocolate.
May likes ice cream;
however, I like chocolate.
Although May likes ice cream, I
like chocolate.
C-25
5. Someone needs to fix the refrigerator
it is not working properly. RO
A. Someone needs to fix the
refrigerator. It is not working properly.
B. Someone needs to fix the
refrigerator because it is not working properly.
6. Hundreds of people lost
their jobs a large factor downtown went bankrupt.
A. Hundreds of people lost
their jobs when a large factor downtown went bankrupt. When a large factor
downtown went bankrupt, hundreds of people lost their jobs.
B. Hundreds of people lost
their jobs since a large factor downtown went bankrupt.
C. NEW STYLE Hundreds of
people lost their jobs due to a large factor downtown going bankrupt. due to NOUN
due to GERUND
Due to a large factor
downtown going bankrupt, hundreds of people lost their jobs.
Butter is irritating
sometimes due to his whining.
irritate(v) – bother
irritation(n)- nuisance, a
bother
Don’t use this cream if it
irritates your skin.
Eating pineapple irritates
the inside of my mouth.
You are a very irritating
person sometimes, you know that?
My little brother is
irritating. He is my little ‘bother’.
SYNONYMS- annoying,
irritating, exasperate(strong)
https://www.thesaurus.com/
7. The sun slowly set, and a
breeze cooled the air. , SOBA
The sun slowly set while a
breeze cooled the air. ADV CL
The sun slowly set; then a
breeze cooled the air.
SPECIAL ; then SMALL PROBLEM ; then, VERY SMALL
ERROR
; also,
; however, ;therefore,
A slight breeze cooled the
air after the sun slowly set behind the hills.
“in a blaze of colour” description blaze-big fire
She has a blaze of red hair.
campfire- roast marshmallows,
make smores, roast hotdogs
bonfire- really big campfire
Nawroz – Kurdish, Persian,
Iranian, Iraqi celebration
We are aiming for a nice
variety of sentence styles.
SIMPLE
COMPOUND , SOBA
; ; TRANS,
COMPLEX
-
adverb clauses
-
adjective clauses
-
noun clauses
(next week)
ADJECTIVE CL
Adjective clauses
REVIEW Sentence types:
* SIMPLE- one main clause
SV SSV SVV
SSVV Imperative Interrogative
SVVVVVV- poor writing
ADVICE: If something is
important and you want to people to remember it, write it in a simple sentence.
-powerful, clear, direct
* COMPOUND – two main clauses
joined together
1. , FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
Transitional words and terms:
e.g however therefore also
nevertheless to tell the truth in general
* COMPLEX – one main clause +
one subordinate clause
1. adverb clauses- because
when if since
so that so...that, etc
2. NEXT WEEK noun clause- verbs- feel think say know believe /
pronouns?- that why how
3. adjective clauses
adjective clauses – more
in-depth, more detailed
keep it as simple as possible
to start- start basic and then go deeper
KISS Principle – Keep It
Simple, Silly!
adjectives – describes a noun
the red hat adjective
the nice red hat adjective
He is wearing a green hat.
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES:
opinion, size, age, shape,
colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN
The beautiful small new round
lime-green Martian flying machine is right there. TOO MANY ADJECTIVES – PICK
2-3
octagonal (adj) eight sides
, eight-sided
octopus- eight feet
ped- foot, pedestrian, pedal,
pedicure, manicure
pediatrist- foot doctor
pediatrician -children doctor
veterinarian – vet
opinion, size, age, shape,
colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN
My grandmother broke her
gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.
Shari loves to listen to
ancient Persian music.
The dog plays with a big
round plastic chew toy.
Yuko collects old Japanese
tea sets.
individual adjectives – good
for simple ideas
more complicated, in-depth
description – use adjective clauses
black tea, herbal tea, green
tea, Orange Pekoe, mint tea, apple tea
cinnamon stick
More complicated ideas- use
an adjective clause
Three most common pronouns
for adjective clauses: who that which
*** 95% of the time- who that
which ***
Other less commonly used
pronouns for adjective clauses: whom, where, whose
whom – rarely used, very
fancy sounding, sounds like a grammar book
Native English speakers
rarely use ‘whom’. We say ‘who’.
MY FREE ADVICE: Forget about
‘whom’. It is not important.
One exception about ‘whom’.
writing to someone, don’t know who will be receiving the letter
GREETING: To whom it may
concern,
Not an everyday occurrence.
Pretty rare.
Get the words right! To whom it may concern,
FOCUS ON HIGH FREQUENCY
USAGE: who that which – 97% of the time
*who – used for people, any
people, sounds nice, sounds polite and respectful
*that- things that are not
alive, animals, people (sounds a little disrespectful, sounds like you don’t
like that person)
SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH, signal
your opinion of a person:
The guy that my sister
married is a creep. adjective clause
The man who my other sister
married is awesome. adjective clause
Who is that? Not an adjective
clause, sounds polite
Who is that woman you were
talking to?
That is a beautiful baby!
Is that your son? -sounds ok
*which- special things
(special to you), unique things
This is a watch that I bought
last week. not special
I really like the watch which
my dad gave me for my 18th birthday. special
wedding ring – which
necklace that your
grandmother gave you – which
toothbrush – that
glasses- that
who- people
My neighbour who is very
elderly does not like my son to play in the backyard.
who is very elderly adj
cl SV
elderly(adj) – elder, senior,
aged (Biblical), older, old (doesn’t sound polite), senior citizen
My dad is getting older. He
is older now. He is 79.
impolite- one foot in the
grave, on his last legs, knocking on Heaven’s door, long in the tooth, ready to
give up the ghost
That old dog is long in the
tooth. very old
long in the tooth (idiom)-
horses teeth grow their whole life, also mice, also beavers
Sometimes people who are very
elderly start to worry about going to heaven. They start going to church and
praying and reading Holy books.
“They are cramming for the
final.”
‘cramming for the final’ -
studying all night before a big test
cram- study hard in a short
period of time
‘cram schools’ – Japan,
school that promote intense studying for a exam
Jun’s sister who lives in
Spain is a nurse.
Jun’s sister that lives in Spain
is a nurse. SOUNDS STRANGE, Don’t use ‘that’ for a person.
COMMON ERROR:
Jun’s sister who lives in
Spain. sentence fragment, not a complete
sentence, half a sentence
*In a sentence with an
adjective clause, you have to say two things, two SV.
Jun’s sister who lives in
Spain is a nurse. 1 2
The phone that she bought was
not expensive. 1 2
that – animals, things,
people we don’t like or don’t respect
Marta has a dog who that has
cute floppy ears. ‘who’ sounds strange for animals
Shirin got a new phone that
has a seven-inch screen.
I met the guy that Joanne is
seeing now. -sounds like don’t like him
The guy that my sister
married is a bit of a clown.
The guy that my sister
married is a clown.
a bit of a – a little bit
My friend is a bit of a drama
queen.
drama queen- big emotions all
the time, like an actor, dramatic, big show, like a soap opera
The guy that my sister
married is coming over for a visit. -secret message- don’t like him much-
The guy who my sister married
is coming over for a visit. – secret message- like him-
The guy who my sister married
is really good fellow.
SOURCE OF CONFUSION ‘that’ is
used in noun clauses and adjective clauses, also a pronon
multi-use word, confusing
Examples
That sandwich was delicious.
The sandwich that she made
was very tasty.
I think that that sandwich
was scrumptious. noun clause, pronoun
She thinks that that sandwich
that you made was so good that she wants to have another one. confusing, not
good writing, grammar is fine
*which – special things,
unique things
special things- You decide if
it is special to you.
I have a silver ring which my
son gave me. a special thing to me
Mei is wearing the jade
necklace which her grandmother gave to her.
Shirin is wearing the jade
necklace that her grandmother gave to her. (sounds like a regular necklace, not
special)
Clara put the picture which
her son painted for her up on the fridge.
unique things- only one in
the world
Beijing, which is the capital
of China, is hosting the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. unique
Edmonton, which has a huge
indoor mall, is in north Alberta.
Marta visited the Eiffel
Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta visited the Eiffel
Tower that is in Paris. XXX
Marta visited the Eiffel
Tower, which is in Paris.
The CN Tower, which is in
Toronto, has the Edgewalk.
Example from my EF56
students:
1. His house, which is located in North Vancouver, is very
expensive.
2. I came to Vancouver, which is the best city to live in the
world.
3. I would like to visit my grandmother, who will turn 100 years
old next month.
4. Mei’s son who is 12 loves to play with Lego. two or three sons
Mei’s son, who is 12, loves
to play with Lego. one son
5. My friend who is very beautiful is a fashion icon.
6. I do not like crafts which I have to do at work.
7. Her dog that has a long tail is brown.
8. I visit my mother who lives in Ottawa.
9. I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley park.
10. I have to visit my best friend who played with me since I was a
seven-year-old.
She is seven years old.
She is a seven-year-old.
(noun)
11. The girl who is wearing the red shirt is my little sister.
12. My daughter who is playing the violin decided to study more
music.
13. I love the ring which my husband gave me on my birthday.
14. Joe bought a new laptop that cost $2000.
15. The girl who is standing in the corner is my classmate.
16. My friend visited the park which is close to my home.
17. I have a lot of apples that my mother gave me yesterday.
18. My boss who is very polite resigned yesterday.
19. I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley park.
20. James wore a fine black tux which his dad gave him.
Adjective clause
Basic level of knowledge
who- people
that- things, animals
which- special things, unique
things
Deeper level
commas or no commas around
adjective clauses
-commas – special, unique,
only one- a good time to use commas
SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT MEANINGS /
MESSAGES
A. Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
B. Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim.
A. Dave’s dog, that has white fur, loves to swim. Suggests that
Dave has one dog.
B. Dave’s dog that has white fur loves to swim. Suggests that
Dave has more than one dog.
* detail, subtle, not a major
problem if you get it wrong
A. My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018.
B. My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018.
GRAMMAR: difference between
main subject and complete subject
main subject – just one noun,
subject of the sentence
complete subject - main noun plus all the modifiers, subject
of the sentence
A. My car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018.
B. My car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018.
complete subject
My car that I bought at
Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018. suggests 2+ cars
My car, that I bought at
Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018. suggests 1 car
commas around an adjective
clause means just extra information
Look it up in a grammar book:
restrictive and
non-restrictive clauses
essential and non-essential
clauses
Examples:
A. Her son who is nine is very shy. How many sons? 2+
B. Her son, who is nine, is very shy. How many sons? 1
main subject complete subject
Her son who is nine is very
shy. How many sons? 2+
Her son, who is nine, is very
shy. How many sons? 1
Mohamed moved to Vancouver,
which is the largest city in BC.
comma or no comma? How many
Vancouvers are there?
which is the largest city in
BC – extra information
Your school, which is at
Fraser and 43th, is holding in-class classes. 1 school
Your school which is at
Fraser and 43th is holding in-class classes. suggests 2+ schools eg. SHEC, VCC
Let’s meet at Starbucks.
enough information?
Let’s meet at Starbucks which
is on Main and 13th. essential information
Let’s meet at SHEC, which is
on Fraser and 43rd. not essential information, extra
Your son is outgoing.
Your son, who is 7, is
outgoing.
Your brother who is shy lives
in Vancouver. essential information, distinguish between them
My mom, who is 79, likes to
walk everyday. one mother
My uncle who is retired loves
to fish. more than one
speaking – commas are breath
marks, take a beat, slight pause
A. My school, which is at Fraser and 43th, is holding in-class
classes.
B. My school which is at Fraser and 43th is holding in-class
classes.
Let’s meet at the Starbucks.
enough information?
Let’s meet at the Starbucks
which is at Georgia and Bute. necessary information, essential clause no comma
Let’s meet at Scienceworld,
which is open right now. not necessary information, just extra information,
non-essential clause
** subtle difference – has
meaning to an English listener
*** If you get it wrong, it
is a small problem.
Shirin’s mother, who is
retired, likes to travel. 1 mother
Shirin’s mother who is
retired likes to travel. 2+ mothers
MORE LIKELY EXAMPLE:
Shirin’s aunt who is retired
likes to travel. 2+ aunts
REVIEW
A. My sister who lives in Spain volunteers for a dog rescue
society.
B. My sister, who lives in Spain, volunteers for a dog rescue
society.
A. How many sisters do I have? One or more than one? suggest 2+
Subject is “My sister who
lives in Spain”
The adjective clause is
restricting the meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar book: restrictive
clause, essential clause
B. How many sisters do I have? One or more than one? 1
Subject is “My sister”
The adjective clause is not
restricting the meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar book: non-restrictive
clause, non-essential clause
I never met my grandmother
who passed away five years ago. several GMs
I never met my
maternal/paternal grandmother who passed away five years ago.
I never met my paternal grandmother.
I knew my maternal grandmother very well.
maternal(adj) maternity(n)
maternity ward, mat leave
matriarch- head woman in the
family, the boss woman in the family
My wife wears the pants in
the family.
IDIOM ‘wear the pants’ boss
in the family
She has the last word.
IDIOM ‘have the last word’-
you get final decision, last one to talk
ARGUMENT You always want the
last word.
‘eat soft rice’ CHINESE- man
supported by a woman, no job
He is a kept man. She is a
kept woman.
the patriarchy- society controlled
by men, power held by men
patriotic(adj) – love your
country, patriot
motherland- your home country
Germany – fatherland
alpha- boss dog
I am Butter’s Alpha.
MORE INFORMATION TO EXPLORE:
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/using-that-and-which-is-all-about-restrictive-and-non-restrictive-clauses/?gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppvmHGTPcCPEl-fiCdNnSoq5n02Ygj0govWwh5Of09op_QWBYrJ5CHxoCh74QAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
EVEN DEEPER LEVEL:
Two ways to write an adj cl:
I was talking to the woman
who is my sister’s friend.
The woman who I was talking
to is my sister’s friend.
These adj cl are different
from each other.
I was talking to the woman
who is my sister’s friend. subject pronoun
The woman who I was talking
to is my sister’s friend. object pronoun
When you have an object
pronoun, you have choice!
The woman who I was talking
to is my sister’s friend. object pronoun
The woman I was talking to is
my sister’s friend. OMIT the ‘who’
MOST AUTHENTIC SOUNDING- WHAT
AN ENGLISH WOULD DO
The woman whom I was talking
to is my sister’s friend. formal, very unusual English speakers do not bother
with ‘whom’.
-sounds fake, pretentious
To whom were you talking?
SOUNDS FAKE AND PRETENTIOUS
Who were you talking to? SOUNDS
AUTHENTIC
FREE ADVICE #3: Forget about
‘whom’. Nobody uses it.
My sister gave me a watch
that has a Mickey Mouse face. subject pronoun
The watch that my sister gave
me has a Mickey Mouse face. object pronoun
CHOICE!
The watch that my sister gave
me has a Mickey Mouse face.
The watch my sister gave me
has a Mickey Mouse face.
Combine these using adjective
clauses. Combine them both ways: with a subject pronoun and with an object
pronoun. Get them in Chat.
1. Jun built a bench. The bench was wooden.
2. Sarah got a new phone. The phone was very inexpensive.
3. May drew a picture. The picture was of an apple.
4. Canada is a very large country. It has a population of only 36
million.
YOUR EXAMPLES:
1. The bench that Jun built was wooden. object pronoun
The bench Jun built was
wooden. object pronoun
2. Canada is a very large country that has a population of only
36 million. subject pronoun
3. Jun built a bench which is the bench was wooden. XXX
Jun built a bench which is
wooden. subj pron
4. Jun built a bench that was wooden. subj pron
5. The bench that was wooden was built by Jun. subj pron
6. The bench that Jun built was wooden. obj pron
The bench Jun built was
wooden.
7. Sarah got a new phone which The phone was very XXX
Sarah got a new phone which
was very inexpensive. subj
8. The picture that May drew was of an apple. obj
The picture May drew was of
an apple.
This is a picture of you in
front of the Eiffel Tower.
The picture that May drew was
of an apple.
The picture was of an apple.
The picture was an apple.
awkward, missing prep
Prepositions are very tricky
becuase there are no rules for which prep to use. They are all idiomatic.
9. Sara got a new phone which is very inexpensive. subj
10. Jun built a bench that was wooden. subj
11. Jun built a bench that was wooden. (object subj pronoun)
The bench that Jun built was
wooden. (object pronoun)
The bench Jun built was
wooden. (OMIT object pronoun)
12. The picture that Mary draw was of an apple. obj
The picture Mary draw was of
an apple. OMIT obj
13. Jun built that wooden bench. SIMPLE
14. Canada is a very large country that has a population of only 36
million. subj -lots of countries
15. Canada, which has a population of only 36 million, is a very
large country.
REVIEW 14 and 15
Canada is the largest country
which has a population of only 36 million. Meaning?
Canada is one of the largest
countries which has a population of only 36 million. misplaced modifier
Canada which has a population
of only 36 million is one of the largest countries. right place
The man saw a cat who was
riding a bicyle. in the wrong place- misplaced modifier
The man saw a cat who was
riding a bicyle.
The man who was riding a
bicyle saw a cat. Now it is in the right place.
I gave some coffee to my
sister that was cold and bitter. misplaced modifier
I gave some coffee that was
cold and bitter to my sister.
John bought a table for his
grandmother that has three legs.
John bought a table that has
three legs for his grandmother.
16. The new phone that Sarah got was very inexpensive. obj
The new phone Sarah got was
very inexpensive. OMIT obj
17. Canada, which is a very large country, has a population of only
36 million.
18. The bench was wooden, Jun
built it. XXX
The bench that Jun built was
wooden. COMPLEX- adj cl
Jun built a bench that was
wooden. COMPLEX- adj cl
Jun built a wooden bench.
SIMPLE
Jun built a bench, and it was
wooden. COMPOUND
19. Jun built a bench that was wooden. subj
20. Sarah got a new phone that was very inexpensive. subj
21. Jun built a bench that was wooden.
22. Sarah got a new phone that was very inexpensive.
23. Jun built a bench that was wooden.
24. The bench that Jun built was wooden.
25. Sara got a phone that was very inexpensive.
26. The phone that Sara got was inexpensive.
The phone Sara got was
inexpensive.
27. Mary draw a picture of an apple. SIMPLE
28. The bench that Jun built was wooden.
29. Sarah got a new phone that was very inexpensive.
30. Sarah got the phone that was very inexpensive is a new phone.
XXX
Sarah got the phone that was
very inexpensive. It is a new phone.
31. Sarah got a new phone that was every inexpensive.
My grandmother gave me a ring,
which I love.
My grandmother gave me a ring
I love.
Canada, which has a
population of only 36 million, has a huge landmass.
Canada, which has only 36
million population, is a huge country.
Canada, which has a
population of 36 million, has a huge landmass.
