Good
morning, everyone.
We
will get started at 8:30
Al
Haley ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
Class
blog: haleyshec.blogspot.com
We
have four weeks left- 18 classes
·
Review of sentence types
·
Begin adjective clauses
·
“Literary Terms”
·
Tuesday
·
Continue adjective clauses
·
“The Wise Woman of Cordoba”
Wednesday or Thursday
·
Quiz#5 – adjective clauses
·
Continue “The Wise Woman of Cordoba”
Friday
·
Begin sentence combining
I think?
P1 8:30-10:45- EF7/Eng10/Eng11
P2 11-1:15- EF5/6,
CW567
Sentence review:
3 types of sentences- fundamental
*SIMPLE – one main/independent clause
SV SSV SVV
SSSV SVVV Imperative
Interrogative (question)
*COMPOUND – two main/independent clauses joined together
FANBOYS SOBA ; semicolon
transitional terms
* NOTE- Transitional terms can be all be used with simple
sentences.
e.g. It is rainy;
however, we are going to go for walk.
It is rainy.
However, we are going to go for walk.
It is raining. However, SV.
*COMPLEX
Adverb clause- because if
when although even though
even if
so that so...that
Noun clause- brain: think know realize
believe imagine remember
understand forget get
mouth: say claim yell
shout whisper announce
murmur
e.g. get (casual, talking)- understand “I get that you
are angry, but please don’t hit me, Will Smith.” COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCE
“I don’t get how to dim my phone screen.” how to VERB
“She knows how to drive a standard.” standard/manual/stick
shift
pedals - gas brake clutch
change gears
Adjective clause-
* SIMPLE- one main
clause
SV
SSV SVV SSVV
Imperative Interrogative
SVVVVVV- poor
writing
ADVICE: If something
is important and you want to people to remember it, write it in a simple
sentence.
-powerful, clear, direct
* COMPOUND – two
main clauses joined together
1. , FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
Transitional words
and terms: e.g however therefore also
nevertheless to tell the truth in general
* COMPLEX – one main
clause + one subordinate clause
1. adverb clauses- because when
if since so that
so...that, etc
2. noun
clause- verbs- feel think say know believe / pronouns?- that
why
how
3. adjective clauses
Adjective clauses –
final type of clause to learn
adjective clauses –
more in-depth, more detailed
keep it as simple as
possible to start- start basic and then go deeper
adjectives –
describes a noun
the red hat adjective
the nice red
hat adjective
* SIDE NOTE
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES:
opinion, size, age,
shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN
The beautiful
small new round lime-green Martian flying machine is right there. TOO MANY
ADJECTIVES – PICK 2-3
opinion, size, age,
shape, colour, material, origin, purpose NOUN
My grandmother broke
her gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.
Shari loves to
listen to ancient Persian music.
The dog plays with a
big round plastic chew toy.
Yuko collects old
Japanese tea sets.
individual adjectives
– good for simple ideas
more complicated,
in-depth description – use adjective clauses
Three most common
pronouns for adjective clauses: who that which
95% of the time: who
that which
Other less commonly
used pronouns for adjective clauses: whom, where, whose
whom – rarely used,
very fancy sounding, like a grammar book
Native English
speakers rarely use ‘whom’. We say
‘who’.
MY ADVICE: Forget
about ‘whom’. It is not important.
One exception about
‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know who will be receiving the letter
GREETING: To whom
it may concern,
Not an everyday
occurence. Pretty rare.
FOCUS ON HIGH
FREQUENCY USAGE: who that which – 97% of the time
who – used
for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds polite and respectful
that- things
that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a little disrespectful, you don’t
that person)
SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH,
signal your opinion of a person:
The guy that my
sister married is odd. adjective clause
The man who my
other sister married is awesome. adjective clause
Who is that? Not an
adjective clause, sounds polite
Who is that woman
you were talking to?
That is a beautiful
baby!
Is that your son?
-sounds ok
which-
special things (special to you), unique things
This is a watch that
I bought last week. not special
I really like the
watch which my dad gave me for my 18th birthday. special
witch
wedding ring – which
necklace that your
grandmother gave you – which
toothbrush – that
glasses- that
EXAMPLES
who- people
My neighbour who
is very elderly does not like my son to play in the backyard.
who is very elderly adj cl SV
elderly(adj) –
elder, senior, aged (Biblical), older, old (doesn’t sound polite), senior
citizen
Her dad is getting
older. He is older now. He is 79.
impolite- one foot
in the grave, one paw in the grave, on his last legs, knocking on Heaven’s
door, long in the tooth, ready to give up the ghost
That old dog is long
in the tooth. very old
long in the tooth
(idiom)- horses teeth grow their whole life, also mice, also beavers
Sometimes people who
are very elderly start to worry about going to heaven. They start going to
church and praying and reading Holy books.
“They are cramming
for the final.”
‘cramming for the
final’ - studying all night before a big test
cram- study hard in
a short period of time
‘cram schools’ –
Japan, school that promote intense studying for a exam
Jun’s sister who
lives in Spain is a nurse.
Jun’s sister that
lives in Spain is a nurse. SOUNDS
STRANGE, Don’t use ‘that’ for a person.
COMMON ERROR:
Jun’s sister who
lives in Spain. sentence fragment, not a complete sentence,
half a sentence
*In a sentence with
an adjective clause, you have to say two things, two SV.
Jun’s sister who
lives in Spain is a nurse. 1
2
The phone that
she bought was not expensive. 1 2
that – animals,
things, people we don’t like or don’t respect (rare)
Marta has a dog who
that has cute floppy ears. ‘who’ sounds strange for animals
Shirin got a new
phone that has a seven-inch screen.
I met the guy that
Joanne is seeing now. -sounds like don’t like him
The guy that my
sister married is a bit of a clown.
The guy that my
sister married is a clown.
a bit of a – a
little bit
My friend is a bit
of a drama queen.
drama queen- big
emotions all the time, like an actor, dramatic, big show, like a soap opera
The guy that my
sister married is coming over for a visit. -secret message- don’t like him
much-
The guy who my
sister married is coming over for a visit. – secret message- like him-
The guy who my
sister married is really good fellow.
SOURCE OF CONFUSION
‘that’ is used in mant ways
-noun clauses
-adjective clauses
-a pronoun
multi-use word,
confusing
Examples
That sandwich
was delicious.
The sandwich that
she made was very tasty.
I think that that
sandwich was scrumptious. noun clause, pronoun
She thinks that
that sandwich that you made was so good that she wants to
have another one. confusing, not good writing, grammar is fine
which – special
things, unique things
special things- You
decide if it is special to you.
I have a silver ring
which my son gave me. a special thing to me
Mei is wearing the
jade necklace which her grandmother gave to her.
Shirin is wearing
the jade necklace that her grandmother gave to her. (sounds like a
regular necklace, not special)
Clara put the
picture which her son painted for her up on the fridge.
unique things- only
one in the world
Beijing, which is
the capital of China, hosted the 2022 Olympic Winter Games. unique
Marta visited the
Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta visited the
Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX
Marta visited the
Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Example from my EF56
students:
1.
His house, which is located in North Vancouver, is very
expensive.
2.
I came to Vancouver, which is the best city to live in
the world.
3.
I would like to visit my grandmother who will turn 100
years old.
4.
My son who is 12 loves to play with lego.
5.
My friend who is very beautiful is a fashion icon.
6.
I do not like crafts which I have to do at work.
7.
Her dog that has a long tail is brown.
8.
I visit my mothe who lives in Ottawa.
9.
I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley park.
10.
I have to visit my best friend who played with me since
I was a seven-year-old.
She is seven years old.
She is a seven-year-old. (noun)
11.
The girl who is wearing the red shirt is my little
sister.
12.
My daughter who is playing the violin decided to study
more music.
13.
I love the ring which my husband gave me on my
birthday.
14.
Joe bought a new laptop that cost $2000.
15.
The girl who is standing in the corner is my classmate.
16.
My friend visited the park which is close to my home.
17.
I have a lot of apples that my mother gave me
yesterday.
18.
My boss who is very polite resigned yesterday.
19.
I went to the aquarium which is in Stanley park.
20.
James wore a fine black tux which his dad gave him.
HOMEWORK: Try some sentences of your own that use adjective
clauses. Email me a few of them. We can share them tomorrow.
CONTINUE TOMORROW
A.Exercises from homework:
1.
Louis knows the woman. The woman is meeting us at the
airport.
Louis knows the woman who is meeting us
at the airport.
The woman who Louis knows is meeting
us at the airport.
The woman whom Louis knows is
meeting us at the airport. VERY FORMAL, RARELY USED
The woman who Louis knows is
meeting us at the airport.
The woman Louis knows is meeting us
at the airport.
2.
The chair is an antique. Sally inherited it from her grandmother.
The chair is an antique which Sally inherited it from her grandmother.
The chair is an antique which Sally inherited from her grandmother.
2 clauses: 1The chair is an antique 2which Sally inherited from her grandmother.
ANOTHER WAY
The chair which
Sally inherited from her grandmother
is an antique.
3.
The bench was wet. I sat on it. that
The bench that I sat on was wet.
I sat on the bench that was wet.
MORE LATER:
where – place, SV
where SV
The house where she grew
up is still there.
The city where Mei was
born is in Saigon, Vietnam.
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