Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 8:30.
Today’s agenda
1. Continue with complex sentences- adverb clauses
2. Choose the highest frequency words for adverb clauses
3. Practice
Quiz#3 Monday – adverb clauses
Simple sentence – one clause
The school is closed today due to snow. SIMPLE
due to – not an adverb clause
The school is closed today because of snow. SIMPLE
The school is closed today because there is a lot of snow. COMPLEX
I want you to be able to do this both ways. You will have that choice when you are writing. That will give you power and confidence when you are writing.
Adverb Clauses
These are most of the ones you will ever need:
* Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)
time- after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever, while
place- wherever
condition – if, even if, provided that, unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even though
cause- because, since
purpose or result- in order that, in order to, so that, so ... that
TOMORROW:
manner- as, as if, as ... as
purpose or result- in order that, in order to, so that, so ... that
*as
As you can see, writing English sentences is easy.
You can buy the phone as is.
* as if – seems like, but is not
He spends money as if he were a millionaire.
She treats people as if she were the queen. – not a compliment
Who does she think she is?
* as...as
as ADJ as
She is as tall as her mother (is).
He is as good at soccer as the coach is.
as tall as, as short as, as heavy as, as sweet as
as soon as
Call me as soon as you get home.
as soon as possible ASAP
*in order that/in order to – reason why you are doing something
Shira is saving money in order that she can take a vacation to Kyoto, Japan next year.
MORE NATURAL SOUNDING: Shira is saving money in order to take a vacation to Kyoto, Japan next year. different style
Shira is saving money in order to go on a vacation.
Shira is saving money to take a vacation to Kyoto, Japan next year. different style SIMPLE? COMPLEX? Very natural sounding.
In my class, I stick close to the basic sentence styles. I also show you some different more authentic styles. You may use styles that don’t fit the grammar book perfectly. That’s ok as long as they are styles that English speakers use.
When you are writing for school and a job, my advice is to stick close to the SIMPLE, COMPOUND, and COMPLEX styles that I am teaching. The styles that I am teaching are appropriate for any level of formality.
*so that – reason why
Shira is saving money so that she can take a trip to Montreal.
Shira wants to take a trip to Montreal; therefore, she is saving her money. COMPOUND
A nice variety of ways to express the same idea.
Shira wants to take a trip to Montreal; that’s why she is saving her money. COMPOUND COMPLEX- noun clause
The reason why she is saving money is that she will take a trip to Montreal. COMPLEX – adjective clause noun clause
There are many ways to express the same ideas. We will keep learning different ways.
*so ... that
so ADJ that
Yesterday, it was so cold that we could see our breath.
The dog is so fast that nobody can catch it.
The little girl is so good at math that she skipped a grade.
I am so good at photo editing that I can edit any picture.
My friend is so good at skiing that he practically lives at Cypress all winter.
The book was so interesting that I read it in one day.
The cookies were so tasty that I ate 15 of them.
My mother was so angry that she threw a shoe at me.
My typing is so bad that I cannot pass the test.
My singing is so horrible that my dog ran away.
I'm so confused about complex sentences that I need to read them carefully.
*even though although though (casual) -same meaning, your choice
She is going to go for a run even though she is tired.
Mary likes to study English even though she finds it difficult sometimes.
COMPLEX – adverb clause
Mary finds English difficult sometimes; nevertheless, she likes to study it. COMPOUND
Mary finds English difficult sometimes; she likes to study it. OK!
Mary likes to study English she finds it difficult sometimes. NOT OK!
*though – good for spoken, casual
Her eyes are closed; look at that smile, though! Very natural sounding.
For me, I aim for a nice variety of sentences styles in my writing.
I avoid overly long sentences.
For clear strong statements, I tend to use simple sentences.
Compound sentences are like seesaws. They must be balanced.
Complex sentence is like a ? MONDAY
MOST IMPORTANT- HIGHEST FREQUENCY
* Adverbial conjunctions (adverb clause words)
time- after, before, ever since, since, until, when, whenever, while
place- wherever
condition – if, even if, provided that, unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even though
cause- because, since
purpose or result- in order that, in order to, so that, so ... that
Focus on those 15. You can use them everyday.
MONDAY
meanwhile – semicolon word COMPOUND
within – preposition
HOMEWORK
Review adverb clauses. Focus on those 15. We will do a quiz on Monday.
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