who that which
A. All people who are born in Canada are Canadian citizens. TRUE
B. All people, who are born in Canada, are Canadian citizens. FALSE
True? False?
, , essential/restrictive clauses
The Million Dollar comma.
A.
1. Louis knows the woman. The woman is meeting us at the airport.
Louis knows the woman who is meeting us at the airport. SUBJECT PRONOUN
The woman who is meeting us at the airport Louis knows. XXX
The woman who Louis knows is meeting us at the airport. OBJECT PRONOUN
The woman Louis knows is meeting us at the airport. AUTHENTIC ENGLISH
2. The chair is an antique. Sally inherited it from her grandmother. The chair is an antique. Sally inherited it from her grandmother.
maternal grandmother
paternal grandmother
great-grandmother, great-great-grandmother
ancestors -
The chair is an antique that Sally inherited from her grandmother. OBJECT PRON
The chair, that Sally inherited from her grandmother, is an antique. OBJ PR
Sally inherited the chair which is an antique from her grandmother. SUBJ PRON
Sally inherited the chair from her grandmother that is an antique. XXX
Sally inherited the chair that is an antique from her grandmother. SUBJ PRON
The chair which is an antique Sally inherited from her grandmother. XXX NOT ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHOICE
PRON- that who which
3. The bench was wet. I sat on it.
The bench that I sat on was wet. OBJ PRON
The bench which I sat on was wet.
The bench I sat on was wet. NATURAL ENGLISH
The bench that I sat on it was wet. XXX
I sat on a bench that was wet. SUBJ PRON
4. The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. OBJ PRON
The man who finished the job in four days was hired by me to paint the house. SUBJ PRON- AWKWARK, NOT NICE WRITING, CLUMSY- PASSIVE VOICE
The man who finished the job in four days I hired him to paint the house. XXX
The man who finished the job in four days, I hired him to paint the house. XXX
The man finished the job in four days who I hired to paint the house. XXX MISPLACED MODIFIER
The man who I hired to paint the house finished the job in four days.
I gave a kitten to my son that has a fluffy tail. XXX
6. The architect who Mario works with is brilliant. OBJ PRON
The architect that Mario works with is brilliant. OBJ PRON
Mario works with an architect who is brilliant.
SUBJ PRON
7. Mary tutors students (that need extra help in geometry). SUBJ PRONOUN 'that' is the subject of the adjective clause
PRONOUN- who that which
Students Mary tutors need extra help in geometry.
OBJ PRON
Students (that Mary tutors) need extra help in geometry. OBJ PRON - 'that' is the object of the adjective clause
8. I took a picture of the rainbow (that appeared in the sky). SUBJ PRON
The rainbow (that I took a picture of) appeared in the sky. OBJ PRON
1. She has a sweater. The sweater is red.
She has a sweater that is red.
She has a sweater which is red.
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