Eng 7/10/11 "I Confess" small group discussion

·       Small group discussion questions

1.    What is the status of a teacher in your culture?

2.    How much power does a teacher have over a student in your culture?

3.    What are five words that describe a good teacher?

4.    What are five words to describe a bad teacher?

Story

Table Talk:

                   First Response, p66

                   Checking Up

                   Talking It Over

Eng 7/10/11 Fragments and run-on sentences

SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX

Common mistakes:
sentence fragment - frag
run-on sent - RO

LESSON 1
1. Some cash registers are actually computers.
2. Even though I missed my usual train.
frag
Even though I missed my usual train.
Even though I missed my usual train, I still got to work on time.
I still got to work on time even though I missed my usual train.

3. Stood and cheered the home team's victory. frag

The crowd stood and cheered the home team's victory.

The audience stood and cheered the actors.

5. Tomatoes that are grown in hothouses. frag

adj cl

Tomatoes are grown in hothouses.

Tomatoes that are grown in hothouses are very sweet. COMPLEX- ADJ CL

LESSON 2

1. Woodrow Wilson was our 28th president he was the only president who had a PhD degree. RO

Woodrow Wilson was our 28th president, and he was the only president who had a PhD degree.

Woodrow Wilson, who was our 28th president, was the only president who had a PhD degree.

3. Congress established the first US mint it was located in Philadelphia. RO

Congress established the first US mint. It was located in Philadelphia.
Congress established the first US mint, and it was located in Philadelphia.
Congress established the first US mint; it was located in Philadelphia.
Congress established the first US mint, which was located in Philadelphia.

4. The treasurer of the Hikers' Club.

the boy's bicycle - apostrophe shows possession
boy ' s boy's - only one boy

the boys' bicycles
boys ' boys' - five boys

the boys bicycles XXX

the cats toys - One cat or two cats?
the cat's toys - one cat, many toys
the cats' toys - several cats, several toys

' apostrophe "up comma"
, comma

LESSON 3
1. Egyptians made candy over 4000 years ago, they used dates and honey. CS comma splice
A comma is not strong enough to join two sentences.

Egyptians made candy over 4000 years ago. They used dates and honey. 
Egyptians made candy over 4000 years ago, and they used dates and honey. 
Egyptians made candy over 4000 years ago; they used dates and honey.
Egyptians made candy over 4000 years ago; interestingly, they used dates and honey.
Over 4000 years ago, Egyptians used dates and honey to make candy.
Egyptians used dates and honey to make candy over 4000 years ago.

EXERCISE 3
2. England and France fought the longest war it lasted from 1337 to 1453 and was called the Hundred Years' War. RO

England and France fought the longest war which lasted from 1337 to 1453 and was called the Hundred Years' War.

England and France fought the longest war, which was called the Hundred Years' War, from 1337 to 1453.

3. The first Black American to become a Supreme Court justice was Thurgood Marshall he was appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson. RO
The first Black American to become a Supreme Court justice was Thurgood Marshall; he was appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.

The first Black American to become a Supreme Court justice was Thurgood Marshall; moreover, he was appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.

The first Black American to become a Supreme Court justice was Thurgood Marshall, and he was appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.

The first Black American to become a Supreme Court justice was Thurgood Marshall who was appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.

Thurgood Marshall became the first Black American Supreme Court justice appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967.

She became a teacher hired by VSB in 2018.

Thurgood Marshall, the first Black American Supreme Court justice, was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967. APPOSITIVE

8. The first government employee strike was the Boston police strike it happened in 1919.
The first government employee strike was the Boston police strike which happened in 1919.

The first government employee strike was the Boston police strike; this happened in 1919.

Eng 7/10/11 Business Letters

Business letters
- interdepartmental letters (within a company)
- cover letter for a resume (special style)
- letter to a government agency (e.g. CRA, immigration, pension, city hall)
-employer
- business person

FORMAL, not casual like a personal letter


666 Your Street
Vancouver, BC
V5P2B6

July 30, 2018

Joe Chan
Director, Shaw Communications
123 Cordova Street
Vancouver, BC
V5K2D2

Re: Claim # 4722859   (Re- regarding)

Robin Smith

Dear Mr. Chan:
Dear Mrs. Smith
Dear Ms. Smith
Dear Miss Smith
Dear Mme Benoit

To Mr. Chan: sounds cold

NOT AS GOOD- impersonal
Dear Sir or Madam,
To whom it may concern,

To my dear former and current patients,

Dear Sir,
Dear Sir Chan
Dear Madam Smith,


NO INDENT
Thank for meeting with me yesterday to discuss…kjjh wlkefkwnfn wkejfnwjwen wlfjh fkjkwefnli fowief welfwe wefhw fkjehf wfhwjf wefhjw wefkjwhkwkjweh fkwhfkw wkfkwjehf wekjhwefkw efkwjehfkjwe wefkjwehkw wekfjwhfw fekwjehfw fwkjfhkw wekjhwef wkwjhfkjw wkejfhwekfh wefkjwhf wkefjhwek wkfjwhef wefkwefn.

SKIP A LINE BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS
Ghhd dhdhdh dhddj d jdjdjd  djdjdjd  djdjdjd djdjdj.

Yours truly,
Sincerely,
Respectfully, (talking to someone higher in the business than you)
Regards,
Best regards,
Kind regards,
Thank you,


PERSONAL
Sincerely yours,
Yours sincerely,
Faithfully,





SCENARIO:
Write a short business letter to Robin Smith at Shaw Communications, thanking her for interviewing you yesterday for the position of technician/ CEO/ XXX.

Eng 7/10/11 Grabbers

Grabbers    - optional attention-getting device for writing

- for essays, for paragraphs

- grabs the reader’s attention, makes them pay attention

          Some example of grabbers

                                                             i.      -general to specific statement

say something big, then narrow it down

funnel  \   /

               ||

    Empathy is a very normal and healthy emotion for all humans to feel toward other living creatures. The boys didn’t kill the pheasants because they too felt empathy for the helpless birds.

                                                           ii.      -short anecdote

short personal story

personalizes, first person

    I grew up next to a farm, and I know that killing animals is not easy even though it is necessary. So too, the boys couldn’t …

  

                                                        iii.      -historical reference

    Humans have been farming for many thousands of years, and harvesting animals is part of farming. However, the boys couldn’t…

                                                        iv.      -fact or statistic

80%, four out of five

   Living creatures cannot survive for more than a few hours if their core temperature drops and they become hypothermic. TOPIC SENTENCE

                                                           v.      -question (answered by thesis statement)

Have you ever clubbed a bird?

Have you ever gone hunting? For some people, it is not easy to kill an animal. TS

                                                        vi.      -relevant quotation by famous person

Barack Obama once said, “Never club a frozen pheasant.”

     My mother said, “Never eat a chicken because we don’t want to kill them.”

     Buddha said, “Life is suffering. We must empathy for all living creature.”

Books of quotations.

                                                      vii.      -relevant idiom from any language

-don’t translate well, have a lot of meaning

     In English we call someone who is afraid to do something, a “chicken”. However, the boys didn’t act out of fear, but of empathy.

Eng 7/10/11 "Ice Storm" Para examples

Why didn’t the boy harvest the pheasants?

In the winter, the rain was falling. It was very cold. The farmers put the animals into the barn, but the pheasants were out because they are wild. The boys went to “harvest” the birds. The birds were very cold. They were covered with ice. Also, the boys were very cold. Their jackets were covered with ice.

Retelling the story

Plot summary

Why didn’t the boy harvest the pheasants?

I believe The boys didn’t harvest the birds because they felt empathy toward them. The boys could see that the birds were covered in ice. The boys also were covered in ice. Also, the boys could see the bird’s breath in the cold, just like the boys could see their own breath in the cold. This made the boys feel empathy for the poor birds which were “helpless” beside the road.

ADVICE: Don’t use “I” (first person) unless the question says “What do you think?”

Why didn’t the boy harvest the pheasants?

I just read a good story. It was called “What Happened During the Ice Storm.” The story talks about a cold winter day. The weather is bad and there is freezing rain.

Why didn’t the boy harvest the pheasants?

The birds were cold. The freezing rain covered everything. People said, “How beautiful!” Farmers have to make money, so they have to take care of their livestock. Livestock can be animals like cows, which give milk and meat, and also chickens which give eggs and meat. Birds like pheasants live outdoors.   

Why didn’t the boy harvest the pheasants?

In my opinion, the boys didn’t harvest the pheasants because they knew it was not right to kill the helpless birds. The birds couldn’t even see or move because of the freezing rain. The birds were unable to protect themselves.

Why didn’t the boy harvest the pheasants?

In my opinion, I believe the boys didn’t harvest the pheasants because they were unprepared, unsure, and naïve. First of all, it’s easy to tell that they were unprepared since they didn’t have any tools to harvest the pheasant. Secondly, …

Eng 7/10/11 sentence combining "Backstage"

1. We were preparing for the second performance of our play, and the dressing room was in a state.
The dressing room was in a state because we were preparing for the second performance of our play.
The dressing room was in a state while we were preparing for the second performance of our play.

second play performance -awkward phrasing

2. Costume racks and makeup trays were scattered around the room.
The costume racks and makeup trays were scattered around the room.
"The" is for both
The costume racks and the makeup trays were scattered around the room.

3. Nearly everyone was nervous as helpers were dressing cast members and applying their makeup.

4. The female lead could not get her wig to stay on properly, and the male lead was having a tug-of-war with his uncooperative suspenders.

Eng 7/10/11 Using quoted material

The author wrote, "One winter there was freezing rain" (265)

The boys went out in the "freezing rain" (265) to get some wild birds.

The people said, "How Beautiful!". XXX

A fine skill - practice, judgement


Paragraph - 80 words, 100 words, 1-2 w, 3-4 w are appropriate
Essay - has more room for quoted material
10 or 20-page paper - quote longer sections from a text

Eng7/10/11 Using quotations

Using quotation marks "" 

1. title of an article, song

Titles of books Medicine River 
It's a book. It has its own covers. It's a separate text 
Medicine River italics (Control i)

Medicine River Don't do both- choose one.

Impact Impact 

"I Confess" part of a book, chapter, story, article

Writing the Communicate for computer
Writing the Communicate for handwriting

"Chapter 4: From Paragraph to Essay"

"Chapter 4: From Paragraph to Essay" XXX
"Chapter 4: From Paragraph to Essay" XXX

My Dinner with Andre movie
My Dinner with Andre movie

"Gucci Flipflops" part of an album
Gucci Flipflops

CD, album name (record)
Abbey Road Abbey Road

2. reported speech
Sarah said, "I am going to the beach tomorrow to work on my tan." exact words
Sarah said that she was going to the beach tomorrow to work on her tan. not exact words, idea of what she said, 

Sarah said that she was going to the beach tomorrow to work on her tan.  noun clause
Sarah said she was going to the beach tomorrow to work on her tan. AUTHENTIC ENGLISH

3. verbal irony, finger quotes, scare quotes
sarcasm- hurtful, insult
irony - humorous

***
4. borrow from text, proof, evidence when writing answers
academic writing


Copying from the book. 0/6
plagiarism - copy from a text with no citation, hand it in for marks

Learn how to borrow words and phrases from a text and put them into our own writing.

2-3 words, 3-4 words, a few words

"Some farmers went ice skating down the gravel roads with clubs to harvest the pheasants that sat helplessly in the roadside ditches. (265)

Choose a few words or a phrase that you like.

Incorporate the words of the phrase into our own sentence.

"sat helplessly"

The young boys were looking at the ice-covered pheasants that "sat helplessly" (265) by the side of the road.
PROOF, EVIDENCE

The young boys were looking at the ice-covered pheasants that were by the side of the road: "sat helplessly" (265) XXX

The quotation has to be grammatical, and it has to be part of the sentence.


This is a skill that must be practiced and mastered.


The poor birds were "blindfolded with ice" (265), so they couldn't see the boys approach them.
INCORPORATING QUOTED MATERIAL

putting quoted material inside your sentence


The poor birds couldn't see the boys approach them: "blindfolded with ice" (265) XXX

Academic writing. 



The poor birds were "blindfolded with ice" (265), so they couldn't see the boys approach them.
PARAPHRASE
The poor birds' eyes were covered with ice, so they couldn't see the boys approach them.

The poor birds were "blindfolded" (265) because of the freezing rain, so they couldn't see the boys approach them.

Everything in the farm "glistened like glass" (265) because it was covered with the frozen rain.

Eng 7/10/11 Causative verbs

Causative verbs

cause and effect

cause another action to happen.

"My father made me wash the car."

made - causative verb, made "wash"

help, allow, invite, require, motivate, get, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force, compel, invite, ask
ADD infinitive
"Her sister helped her to cook supper." 
infinitive "to go, to sleep"
"I allow my son to play Xbox for one hour a day."
"She asked her husband to wash the dishes."

get - ask, make
"I will get my son to take the recycling out."



Three causative verbs are exceptions to the pattern described above. Instead of being followed by a noun/pronoun and an infinitive, the causative verbs help, have, make and let are followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).
"I let my son play Xbox for an hour a day."
"I allow my son to play Xbox for an hour a day."
"I let my son to play Xbox for an hour a day." XXX


"We will help our neighbour move his piano." 

"We will help our neighbour to move his piano." 

Eng 7/10/11 Writing process

PROCESS
STEP 1 Analyze the topic

Topic: Education

narrow that down

SPECIFIC, INTERESTING Public education helps our country be strong.

Education is important to us. MUNDANE, BROAD, BORING

Format?
paragraph
essay
speech

STEP 2 
Generate ideas
-mindmap
-list
-columns
-freewriting

Prime the pump.
You can get the ideas flowing, like water from a pump.

STEP 3
Organize TIME, SPACE, or IMPORTANCE
You decide how you want to organize your points.
Remember 'coherence' and 'unity'

STEP 4
Rough copy
First write sentences
Every sentence, every time:
SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX, COMPOUND-COMPLEX

Format:
indent
double-space
pen
block of writing

STEP 5
Editing, proofreading

Eng 7/10/11 Writing Process

Writing process
step by step to how to write a paragraph, essay

WtC Chapter 3

PROCESS

Topic: Honesty

Prewriting
1. Analyze the topic
narrow the topic
what kind of writing? narrative, descriptive, process, persuasive?
paragraph essay poster?

2. Generate ideas
take a few minutes to generate some ideas
- mindmap, list, brainstorm, freewrite

3. Organize the ideas
You have to choose: TIME, SPACE, or IMPORTANCE

Writing
4. Rough copy
Sentences
Topic sentence, supporting sentences- points, subpoints, details   , concluding sentence

Paragraph - 80-100 words
Essay (English 12 Provincial Exam) - 250w

We aren't writing a book!

5. Edit, proofreading
Find the mistakes
Everyone has different problems to focus on:
spelling
verb tense
verb form
punctuation
capitals
prepositions
articles
subject verb agreement

6. Good copy
Pass in the rough copy. As long as it is legible, it's ok.
ADVICE- Don't waste time rewriting unless your rough copy is really a big illegible mess.

PROCESS
Prewrite
1. Analyze
2. Generate ideas
3. Organize
Write
4. Rough copy
5. Edit
6. Good copy

Topic“Honesty”

Analyze, restrict to one controlling idea

          “An Honest Person”- descriptive

          “How You Can Be Honest”- process

          “Why You Should Be Honest”- persuasive

Eng 7/10/11 Unity

WtC (Writing to Communicate) pp25-27

unity - uni one 1

universe, university, unicycle

unity, united

unique ??

uniform

unisex bathrooms

A paragraph must be unified- talking about one topic.

Grandmother - beautiful
physical- face- silver hair, warm robin's egg blue eyes, smooth pink cheeks, smiling mouth

personality- friendly, kind, gentle, loving

Unity - choose the best, make sure they are all on topic

Eng 7/10/11 Coherence

Organization
TIME - chronological
SPACE - physical

IMPORTANCE (LOGIC) -least important to most important
-persuasive writing - convince, argument

Topic sentence - topic, opinion to be argued

1.least important
2.
3.
4.most important

cultural expectation - most important point will be the final point

TS
Vancouver is great city to live in for four reasons.

1. public transportation
2. many city parks
3. beautiful mountains
4. variety of restaurants

The reader expects that the final point will be the most important.

Journalist-  writing for a newspaper or magazine
- first point will be the most important point

Academic - school writing

Choose TIME, SPACE, or IMPORTANCE

Eng 7/10/11 Sentence test possible

1. She will take the car and drive to Alberta.
2. May and Janet will take a vacation to Sweden next month.
3.They asked me lots of questions; moreover, the questions were difficult.
4. John prepared carefully for the interview, so it went very well.
5. You can spend an hour practicing piano, or you do your math homework.
6. The bank robber surrendered just as the police arrived.
7.The paper which I bought has silver sparkles on it.
8. Marie doesn't know why writing good paragraphs is so tricky.
9. Joan has a lot of knowledge about dogs because she loves dogs, but she doesn't know much about cats.
10. My sister invited our family to dinner, and we went although even though it was a weeknight.

Eng 7/10/11 paragraph coherence

Coherence, coherent - makes sense, organized

He was talking incoherently after he hit his head.

Organization of paragraphs- TIME, SPACE, or IMPORTANCE

Chronological - TIME, chrono, Chronos, step by step in time

Narrative writing (tells a story) 

Process writing- teach something, explain how to 
do something, explain how something works "how-to", recipe, teach skill

Spatial - SPACE, physically- top to bottom, bottom to top, side to side, close to far away, far away to close up
Camera - pan, zoom
Northshore mountains
Liberian flag

E 7/10/11 Paragraphs

Topic sentence - topic, controlling idea

Body
supporting sentences

1. point
subpoint
2. point
subpoint
3. point
subpoint

Organization - patterns 

1. point
subpoint
subpoint
2. point
subpoint
subpoint
3. point
subpoint

subpoint

Parallel- 

1. point
subpoint- detail
subpoint
subpoint
2. point
subpoint
3. point
subpoint
subpoint

Balance the body


FORMAT


      The hikers, who were in a party of six, were 

stung on the scenic Diez Vistas trail on the west 

side of the lake, which is about an hour's drive 

northeast of Vancouver. The first person stung 

was a 22-year-old woman who had an allergic 

reaction to the sting. Rescuers hiked to her 

location at about 1:30 p.m. PT on Sunday. Michael 

Coyle with Coquitlam SAR said the young 

woman was lifted out by a helicopter as a 

precaution along with her mother, who helped 

keep her calm.



Indent – width of your thumb, TAB button
justified – left justify, right justify, centre justify
double-space
A paragraph is on block of writing.
Respect the margins. Keep the writing between the margins.

Business letters – no indent

E 7/10/11 Paragraphs and singular/plural

Paragraphs

Topic sentence- topic and controlling idea

BODY SENTENCES
-point 1
-subpoint
-detail

-point 2
-subpoint
-detail

-point 3
-subpoint
-detail

-point 4
-subpoint
-detail

How many?
2 3-4 is probably best.

La Faux Bourgeois- Kingsway and Fraser

Valentine's paragraphs

TOPIC SENTENCE
Valentine's Day is a very expensive holiday.
subject controlling idea

internet dating sites

internet dating scams


Narrative paragraph - tells a story, personal story, first-person point of view

feel upset - feel negative emotions

a lot / lots
alot

She has a lot of work to do today.
She has lots of work to do today.

There is a lot of paper on the table.
There are a lot of books on the table.
There is lots of paper on the table.
There are lots of books on the table.

paper - uncountable
There are two pieces of paper on the desk.
papers

most                  of the SINGULAR          is
all
some                 of the PLURAL               are
many
a lot
2/3
25%

Most of the students in the class is/are hardworking.
Most of class is/are hardworking.
Most of classes is/are hardworking.

All of the people are late.
All of the group is late.
All of the dog is wet.
Most of the dog is covered with mud.
Most of the dogs are covered with mud.

2/3 of the work is finished.
2/3 of the projects/assignments/exercises/jobs/ activities are finished.

1/2 one half
1/3 one third
2/3 two thirds
5/8 five eights eighths
1/4 one fourth, one quarter
3/4 three fours fourths, three quarters
11/16 eleven sixteenths

3/2 irregular fraction, three halfs, 

abacus


25% -percentage

90% of Canada is uninhabited.
90% of Canadians have cell phones.

Eng 7/10/11 Sentence combining

Good introduction to all of the sentence types in English- excellent starting point

SIMPLE

SV.  SSV.   SSV.

COMPOUND

SV ,SOBA SV.

SV ; TRANS, SV.

COMPLEX

adverb clause

noun clause

adjective clause

COMPOUND-COMPLEX

There is a party tonight, but I'm not going to go because I don't have a fancy dress to wear.

How well do you know them?

SENTENCE COMBINING

develop high-level sentence writing

William Strong- professor

teach his students to be more sophisticated writers

Learn to write sentences that are:

-varied, variety

-dense, more meaning in fewer words

-meaningful

-academic, school-style

-several short sentences, combining together into one longer sentence

- beginner - university level

-effective

-practical

-unlimited

Writer's Toolbox: A Sentence Combining Workshop

Sentence Combining: A Composing Book

William Strong

EXAMPLE

I have a dog. KERNEL- centre

The dog is brown. Look for new information.

The dog is cute.

I have a dog, and the dog is brown, and the dog is cute. POOR QUALITY - REPETITIVE

OVERWRITTEN - OVEREXPLAINED

I have a cute dog, and the dog is brown.

BETTER

I have a brown cute dog. XXX

I have a cute brown dog.

I have a cute, beautiful dog.

I have a beautiful, cute dog. BOTH OPINION

I have a brown dog that is cute. COMPLEX-ADJ CL

I have a brown dog that is as cute as a little fox. COMPLEX - ADJ CL, ADV CL

TWO APPROACHES TO SENTENCE COMBINING

1. Coordination

prefix 'co'- together

cooperation

cofounder

coworker

Compound sentence

, SOBA

; TRANS,

2. Subordination

prefix 'sub' - under

substitute

subway

subject - "the queen and her subjects"

submissive

COMPLEX - adj cl, adv cl, noun cl

Dad at Home

Jackie's dad is a truck driver.

He has driven for twenty years.

He is taking a year off.

He will be with Jackie.

Jackie's dad is a truck driver, and he has driven for twenty years, and he is taking a year off, and he will be with Jackie. POOR QUALITY

Jackie's dad is a truck driver.

He has driven for twenty years.

He is taking a year off.

He will be with Jackie.

Jackie's dad who is a truck driver and has driven for twenty years. CONDENSE MORE

Jackie's dad who has been a truck driver for twenty years is taking a year off, and he will be with Jackie.

Jackie's dad who has been a truck driver for twenty years is taking a year off to be with Jackie.

Jackie's dad who has been driving trucks for twenty years is taking a year off to be with her.

DENSE, MEANINGFUL, COMPACT, CONCISE

HIGH-QUALITY WRITING

2. He now works at home with Jackie as a full-time parent.

He now works at home with Jackie as a parent, and parenting is a full-time job. Calling attention to how difficult parenting is.

Now, Jackie's dad works at home with her as a full-time parent. SIMPLE

He now works at home with Jackie full-time as a parent. SIMPLE 

He now works (as a parent) (at home) (with Jackie) which is a full-time job. SIMPLE

He now works (as a parent) (at home) (with Jackie); nonetheless, being a parent is a full-time job.

LOTS OF CHOICE

E7/10/11 adj clause quiz possible solutions

1. The woman who sits next to me works in a restaurant.
The woman works in a restaurant who sits next to me. MISPLACED MODIFIER XXX
2. Halifax, which is a beautiful city, is the capital of Nova Scotia.
Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia which is a beautiful city. MISPLACED MODIFIER
Halifax is the capital of Nova Scotia which is a beautiful province.
3. That's the book that everyone is reading it.
OBJECT PRONOUN
That's the book that everyone is reading.
That's the book which everyone is reading.
That's the book everyone is reading.

4.We bought some BC peaches that our neighbor told us were on sale.
We bought some BC peaches that were on sale.
GOOD SENTENCE, MISSING INFORMATION
We bought some BC peaches that were on sale our neighbour told us. NOT ENGLISH SENTENCE STYLE

5. The car that I bought last month has a bad engine.
The car has a bad engine that I bought last month. XXX
The car I bought last month has a bad engine.
6. We saw the woman who lives next door to us at the grocery store.