Good afternoon, everyone.
We will get started at 12:00
Today’s agenda
·
Xmas songalong pics
·
Review sentence types
·
Begin adjective clauses
·
Work on prepositions
Wednesday
·
Continue sentence types- adjective clauses
·
Continue review of verb tenses- present perfect
·
Continue phrasal verbs – daily part of the class
·
Begin process/expository writing
Thursday
·
Continue process/expository writing
Test#5 this week - paragraph- probably Friday
Final two weeks-
Presentations- individual presentations
Essays- five-paragraph essay
Replacement quiz or test- last few days
Final spoken mark – x/10
x/10
Next Wednesday- Eval #3-Final evaluation
Review of sentences types:
*SIMPLE- one independent clause, one main clause
SV SSV SVV
SSVV Imperative Interrogative
**You have to keep practicing the basic stuff. Drill the fundamentals.
*COMPOUND
SV, SOBA SV. ,
so , or , but
, and
FANBOYS- for nor yet –
low-frequency words
IDIOM You should know this stuff cold. You should know it
like the back of your hand.
SV; SV. semicolon
SV; TRANS, SV. It is
cloudy today; however, it isn’t raining.
CONFUSION about ; , It
is cloudy today, however it isn’t raining. XXX
It is cloudy
today but, it isn’t raining. XXX
*COMPLEX
ADVERB CLAUSES – when if
because while since
even though ever since
NOUN CLAUSE – feel think say believe
know understand forget
realize that how
why
I think (that) it will rain tomorrow.
He thought that tomorrow it will rain.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE- Today or tomorrow
REVIEW Sentence types:
* SIMPLE- one main clause
SV SSV
SVV SSVV Imperative
Interrogative
STYLE ADVICE: If something is important and you want to
people to remember it, write it in a simple sentence.
-powerful, clear, direct
* COMPOUND – two main clauses joined together
1. , FANBOYS , SOBA
2. ; semicolon
3. ; TRANS,
Transitional words and terms: e.g. however therefore
also nevertheless to tell the truth in general
moreover
* COMPLEX – one main clause + one subordinate clause
1. adverb
clauses- because when if
since so that so...that, as, while, whenever, so that,
before, after, etc
2. noun clause- verbs- feel think say know
believe / pronouns?- that why how
3. THIS WEEK adjective clauses
***
COMPLEX SENTENCES
adjective clauses – more in-depth, more detailed
keep it as simple as possible to start- start basic and then
go deeper
adjective – describes a noun
the red hat adjective
the nice red hat adjective
a green hat-
He is wearing a green hat.
green(adj)- new at a job, don’t know what you’re doing yet
She is a very green manager. She is inexperienced.
EXTRA INFORMATION:
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES (or other nouns functioning as
adjectives):
opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose
NOUN
It is a beautiful diamond ring.
It is a diamond beautiful ring. XXX
opinion, size, age, shape, colour, material, origin, purpose
NOUN
My grandmother broke her gorgeous sky-blue English teapot.
Shari loves to listen to ancient Persian music.
The dog plays with a big round plastic chew toy.
Yuko collects old Japanese tea sets.
It is a beautiful brand-new oval blue diamond. MAYBE TOO
MANY ADJS
DETAIL ABOUT PUNCTUATION , commas
It is an expensive, beautiful diamond ring.
That is a cute, charming baby.
She bought a blue and green sweater.
She bought a bluish green sweater.
He has bluish grey eyes.
blue- bluish- mix of blue
She has long reddish brown hair.
He has a salt and pepper beard.
I got some coffee cups. coffee- noun, acting like
an adjective
I love coffee. Coffee- noun, acting like a noun
We use nouns as adjectives all the time.
purpose - neck tie
school book sports/running
shoes eyeglasses water bottle rain jacket
adjectives for shape: circle(n) round(adj) circular(adj)
triangle(n) triangular(adj)
square(n) square(adj)
A five-sided table. A pentagonal table.
An octagonal stop sign. An eight-sided stop sign.
The Pentagon-
individual adjectives – good for simple ideas
e.g black tea, herbal tea, green tea, Orange Pekoe, mint
tea, apple tea
cinnamon tea
more complicated, in-depth description – use adjective
clauses
e.g. I love the tea that my sister makes from flower
petals.
complicated ideas – my sister made it, made from flower
petals
I love my sister’s flower-petal tea.
More complicated ideas- use an adjective clause
Three most common pronouns for adjective clauses: who that
which
*** 95% of the time- who that which ***
Other less commonly used pronouns for adjective clauses:
whom, where, whose
PARTICULAR POINT OF CONFUSION
whom – rarely used, very fancy sounding, sounds like a
grammar book
Native English speakers rarely use ‘whom’. We say ‘who’.
MY ADVICE: Forget about ‘whom’. It is not important.
e.g. The woman to whom I was speaking is my sister.
GRAMMAR BOOK
The woman I was talking/speaking to is my sister.
VERY AUTHENTIC
The woman who I was talking/speaking to/with is my
sister. SOUNDS GREAT
One exception about ‘whom’. writing to someone, don’t know
who will be receiving the letter
GREETING: To whom it may concern,
Not an everyday occurrence. Pretty rare.
Get the words right!
To whom it may concern,
FORMAL SOUNDING ENGLISH
preposition + whom
to whom from
whom with whom
With whom are you speaking? EXTREMELY FORMAL STYLE, STIFF,
SERIOUS
Who are talking to? CASUAL
Pick your tone. Who are you talking to? What impression are
you trying to make?
Wedding invitation- very formal language
Mr. and Mrs. Chen request the honor of your presence
at the nuptials of their daughter…
RSVP
FOCUS ON HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS: who that which – 95%
of the time
*who – used for people, any people, sounds nice, sounds
polite and respectful, you can use it for all people
*that- things that are not alive, animals, people (sounds a
little disrespectful, sounds like you don’t like that person)
SUBTLETY IN ENGLISH, signal your opinion of a person:
The guy that my sister married is a creep. adjective
clause
creep- a person who gives you a weird negative feeling,
makes you feel uncomfortable
The man who my other sister married is awesome. adjective
clause
That people that did not respect me are now out of my
life.
The people who are my true friends will always be
with me.
‘that’ -tricky word in English, many uses in English
Who is that? Not an adjective clause, sounds polite
Who is that woman you were talking to?
That is a beautiful baby!
Is that your son? -sounds ok
*which- special things (special to you), unique things
This is a watch that I bought last week. not special, just a
watch
I really like the watch which my dad gave me for my 18th
birthday. special
wedding ring – which
necklace that your grandmother gave you – which
toothbrush – that
glasses- that
*which – special things, unique things
special things- You decide if it is special to you.
I have a silver ring which my son gave me. a special
thing to me
She has a necklace which her son made for her.
Mei is wearing the jade necklace which her grandmother
gave to her.
Shirin is wearing the jade necklace that her grandmother
gave to her. (sounds like a regular necklace, not special)
Clara put the picture which her son painted for her
up on the fridge.
unique things- only one in the world
Beijing, which is the capital of China, hosted the
2022 Olympic Summer Games. unique
GOOD RULE OF THUMB: only one, put commas around it
Edmonton, which has a huge indoor mall, is in northern
Alberta.
Marta visited the Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris.
Marta visited the Eiffel Tower that is in Paris. XXX
sounds like there are several Eiffel Tower
The CN Tower, which is in Toronto, has the Edgewalk.
Continue tomorrow
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