Good morning, everyone.
We will get started at 8:30
**Final week
Small group talking
Back and Forth exercises
Grammar -appositives
-phrasal
verbs
-parallelism
Today’s agenda- fifth last day
·
Quiz#5 – adjective clauses
·
Presentation day
·
Begin sentence combining
·
Back and Forth 1.8
Tuesday- fourth last day
·
Presentation day
·
Continue sentence combining
Prepare for test tomorrow
Wednesday- third last day
·
Final test#5or6- sentence combining
Thursday- second last day
·
Review of sentence types
·
Review of verb tenses
Friday- Final day
·
Non-instructional day
·
Optional replacement test or quiz- choose which
Q or T you want to replace
·
Marks day
I have to have my marks in to the office by the end of the
class on Friday.
I will be able to tell you what your final mark is on
Friday.
Alternatively, if you don’t want to do a replacement test or
quiz, you can email my on Friday between 8:30-12. I will email you your mark
back to you. I won’t be able to discuss your work over email. If you want to
chat, come to school.
**Deeper level for adjective
clauses**
Putting commas
around adjective clauses
Joe’s brother who
lives in Calgary is a mechanic.
Joe’s brother,
who lives in Calgary, is a mechanic.
If there a difference
in meaning? Yes! meaning- subtle but
important difference
What’s the difference?
A Joe’s brother who lives in Calgary
is a mechanic. essential clause
Grammar book-
essential clause, restrictive clause
-restricts the
meaning of ‘Joe’s brother’ to just one person
-suggest that Joe
has more than one brother
B Joe’s brother,
who lives in Calgary, is a mechanic. non-essential clause, non-restrictive
clause
-suggests that Joe
has only one brother
Joe’s brother,
who lives in Calgary, is a mechanic.
If we took it out,
the sentence would still be clear.
Joe’s brother is a
mechanic. THE SENTENCE STILL MAKES SENSE- 1 brother
B
Same meaning?
A – more than one
brother
B- one brother
Grammar book- restrictive
and non-restrictive clauses
essential and
non-essential clauses
*Deeper level for adj cl – not critical, if you get it
wrong, no one will go to jail
commas or no commas around adjective clauses
-Use commas around an adjective clause – really
special, absolutely unique, only one- a good time to use commas
‘which’ is a good candidate for commas
Manila, which is the capital of The
Philippines, is a huge city.
extra information
Grammar-
non-essential, non-restrictive
Beijing, which is in the north of China,
has a huge population.
Beijing, which is in the north of
China, has a huge population.
sentence still makes sense
SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT
MEANINGS / MESSAGES
A. Dave’s
dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s
dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s
dog loves to swim.
B. Dave’s
dog that has white fur loves to swim.
A. How
many dogs does Dave have? One or more than one
B. How
many dogs does Dave have? One or more than one
A. Dave’s
dog, that has white fur, loves to swim. Suggests that Dave has one dog.
non-restrictive clause, non-essential clause (grammar books) – extra
information, not essential
,
that has white fur, commas around
it, means it can be omitted
Dave’s
dog, that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s
dog , that has white fur, loves to swim.
Dave’s
dog loves to swim.
The
meaning doesn’t change.
B. Dave’s
dog that has white fur loves to swim. Suggests that Dave has more than
one dog.
restrictive
clause, essential clause (grammar books) – not extra information, essential,
cannot be omitted
that
has white fur no commas around it,
means it cannot be omitted
Dave’s
dog that has white fur loves to swim.
* important
punctuation, detailed and subtle, not a major problem if you get it wrong
A. My
car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is
a 2018 Toyota.
B. My
car, which I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is
a 2018 Toyota.
Complete subject
A. How
many cars do I own?
B. How
many cars do I own?
A. Micheal’s
son who is 10 loves to play football.
B. Micheal’s
son, who is 10, loves to play football.
Our class, which
goes Monday to Friday/which is in the mornings/which has 30 students, is
useful but challenging.
Commas or no commas?
Our class which
goes Monday to Friday is useful but challenging. 2+ classes that we take
together
SHEC, which is on
Fraser and 43rd, is a very old school. only one SHEC
SHEC which is on
Fraser and 43rd is a very old school. sounds like more than one
Let’s meet at the
Starbucks that is on the corner of 49th and Fraser.
Her job, which is in
Richmond, keeps her very busy.
How many jobs? 1
Her job which is in
Richmond keeps her very busy.
How many jobs? 2+
How to distinguish
the difference- written- straightforward
-spoken
– subtle
commas – spoken-
breath marks – take a breath, small beat, pause
A. Our
class, which goes Monday to Friday, is useful but challenging.
B. Our
class which goes Monday to Friday is useful but challenging.
Rhythm in speech is
very important.
Often students
complain that their pronunciation is poor. Sometimes, the problem is speaking
rhythm more than pronunciation.
Adjective Clauses
‘whose’ ownership
The little boy whose
puppy ran away was very sad. The puppy came back.
You can lease a car.
You can sign a lease.
These are the shoes
that I like the most.
IDIOM the writing on
the wall Mei could see the writing on
the wall. She could guess/predict what was about to happen.
SCENARIO: Mei’s
sister and her husband are arguing all the time. Thye have separate bedrooms.
They don’t even look at each other anymore.
Mei can see the
writing on the wall.
What is going to
happen probably? Divorce
OLD JOKE student to
a teacher “My dog ate my homework.”
aftershave – slap on
your face after shaving
cologne – perfume
for men
scent-free areas –
Please, do not wear perfume.
Joachim –
Spanish ‘j’ pron like ‘h’
Jose –
Juanita-
loaned = lent
fascinate(v)
fascinating(adj)= amazing
GRAMMAR: difference
between main subject and complete subject
main subject
– just one noun, subject of the sentence
complete subject - main noun plus all the modifiers, subject
of the sentence
A. My
car that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018.
B. My
car, that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018.
complete subject
My car
that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall is a 2018. suggests 2+ cars
My car,
that I bought at Richmond Auto Mall, is a 2018. suggests 1 car
commas around an
adjective clause means just extra information
Look it up in a
grammar book:
restrictive and
non-restrictive clauses
essential and
non-essential clauses
Examples:
A. Her
son who is nine is very shy. How many sons? 2+
B. Her
son, who is nine, is very shy. How many sons? 1
main subject complete
subject
Her son
who is nine is very shy. How many sons? 2+
Her son,
who is nine, is very shy. How many sons? 1
Mohamed moved to
Vancouver, which is the largest city in BC.
comma or no comma?
How many Vancouvers are there?
which is the largest
city in BC – extra information
I live in Vancouver.
I live in Vancouver,
which has lots of nice parks.
Your school, which
is at Fraser and 43th, is holding in-class classes. 1 school
Your school which is
at Fraser and 43th is holding in-class classes. suggests 2+ schools eg. SHEC,
VCC
speaking – commas
are breath marks, take a beat, slight pause
A. My
school, which is at Fraser and 43th, is holding in-class classes.
B. My
school which is at Fraser and 43th is holding in-class classes.
Let’s meet at the
Starbucks. enough information?
Let’s meet at the
Starbucks which is at Georgia and Bute. necessary information, essential clause no comma
Let’s meet at
Scienceworld, which is open right now. not necessary information, just extra
information, non-essential clause
** subtle difference
– has meaning to an English listener
*** If you get it
wrong, it is a small problem.
Shirin’s mother, who
is retired, likes to travel. 1 mother
Shirin’s mother who
is retired likes to travel. 2+ mothers
MORE LIKELY EXAMPLE:
Shirin’s aunt who is
retired likes to travel. 2+ aunts
REVIEW
A. My
sister who lives in Spain volunteers for a dog rescue society.
B. My
sister, who lives in Spain, volunteers for a dog rescue society.
A. How
many sisters do I have? One or more than one? suggest 2+
Subject
is “My sister who lives in Spain”
The
adjective clause is restricting the meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar
book: restrictive clause, essential clause
B. How
many sisters do I have? One or more than one? 1
Subject
is “My sister”
The
adjective clause is not restricting the meaning of ‘sister’.
Grammar
book: non-restrictive clause, non-essential clause
Example:
Mui’s sister who
lives in Switzerland is retired. Her other sisters, who live in Seattle, are
also retired.
Clark’s brother who
lives in Jiuquan is an architect.
His other brother,
who lives in Lanzhou, is an engineer.
other / another
His other brother,
who lives in Lanzhou, is an engineer.
His another brother,
who lives in Lanzhou, is an engineer. XXX
He has another
brother who lives in Lanzhou.
His grandmother who
owned a restaurant was very kind with people. 2 grandmothers
My friend with a
wooden leg, who has red hair, is super friendly. CONFUSING
The salesperson who
helped me yesterday was really good.
MORE INFORMATION TO
EXPLORE:
This is higher-level
stuf- don’t sweat it!
IDIOM Don’t sweat it.
Don’t worry too much.
My grandmother who gave me a house for my birthday gift a
few years ago is a generous person. 2 grandmothers You have two or more, but you are talking
about one of them.
Family Relationships
annulment- erase the marriage
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