SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
Every sentence that you write should be one of these kinds.
SIMPLE - one independent/main clause,
complete meaning by itself
S + V.
SS + V.
S + VV.
COMMON ERROR
Jook Liang who loves to dance. XXX sentence fragment, frag
Jook Liang who loves to dance. 'who' is the problem
SOLUTION
Jook Liang who loves to dance is a good friend to Wang Bak. COMPLEX- adjective clause
Jook Liang
COMPOUND
, SOBA
COMMON ERROR
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak, so she stood in front of the mirror. XXX
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak adverb clause - COMPLEX
so she stood in front of the mirror. COMPOUND
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak,
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak, she felt nervous, so she stood in front of the mirror. COMPOUND COMPLEX - about as complicated as we want
COMPLEX
adverb clauses -
because, if, when, while, since, as, just as, ever since, if only, only if, even if, provided that, though (casual) / even though / although
since - reason, time
Joan will be late since her car won't start.
Joan has lived in Canada since ten years ago. XXX
Joan has lived in Canada since S V ten years ago.
Joan has lived in Canada since she moved here ten years ago.
Joan has lived in Canada since she was 20 years old.
Jan has lived in Canada
Joan has lived in Canada since 2001 / last August. SIMPLE
ever since - time, feels like a long time
Joan has lived in Canada ever since 1999. SIMPLE
Joan has lived in Canada ever since she moved here from India in 1999. COMPLEX
We have waiting for the bus since 9 o'clock. SIMPLE
We have waiting for the bus ever since 8 o'clock. S
Jook Liang has been friends with Wang Bak ever since she met him when she was five years old. COMPLEX
Your writing should be grounded in SIMPLE, COMPOUND and COMPLEX sentences. It never has to leave those three styles.
I am her friend. UNUSUAL
I am friends with her. NATURAL
adjective clauses
noun clauses
even if - maybe
A B
Sherry will not go to your party even if you ask her nicely.
A is not affected by B
I will come to your party even if I am tired.
if
A B
I will come to your party if I am free.
A is affected by B
even though - in the past or already decided
Joan will come to your party even though/ even if she is tired.
provided that - 'if' for important things
Let's grab a coffee if you're free.
She will get married to Joe provided that he buys a house for her, and a nice ring, and a car.
She will get married to Joe if he buys a house for her, and a nice ring, and a car.
You will live a long healthy life if / provided that you eat well, exercise, and get enough sleep.
although - even though
Mary will go walk on the beach this evening after work although it is chilly. It is chilly today.
Mary will go walk on the beach this evening after work even if it is chilly. It might be chilly today.
MODALS - modal auxiliaries
may might can could should
may be , might be
may be / maybe - different
I may go to see a movie later. may - more formal, polite
I might go to see a movie later. might- usual
may - polite
May I go to the washroom? more polite
Can I go to the washroom? - more casual
Could I go to the washroom? - unusual
"I shall pick you up at the airport." VERY STRANGE
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