Eng mix adjective clauses

ever since COMPOUND
Mary divorced her husband in 2018; ever since, she has had a big smile on her face.

Ever since Mary divorced her husband in 2018, she has had a big smile on her face. COMPLEX adv cl



adjective clauses - describe nouns
who - people, humans
that - things, people (AVOID), animals
which - things that are not alive, special things, unique things (only one)

whom - UNUSUAL , NOT COMMONLY USED
Forget about 'whom'. Nobody uses it.
whose

The woman who lives next door is very elderly.
Your sister who is a nurse likes to play soccer.
The woman who lives next door. frag
The woman lives next door.

I have a dog that is named Butter.
The pencil that is on the table is yours.

The pen which my grandmother left to me has black ink.
The pyramids  that/which are in Egypt are over 4500 years old.
The necklace which my mother gave me is gold.
Your wedding ring which your spouse bought for you is very beautiful.
I miss the food which my father cooked for me.
The advice which my father gave me was helpful.
Hui comes from Beijing which is a huge city.
Hui comes a small town that is in New Brunswick.
The Holy Koran which my father gave me before he passed away is very special to me.
The photocopy that/which I gave you is about the short story.
that/which - you have to think about it and decide

where
I come from a small town where there are not many good jobs.
The town where she lives is close to the ocean.
The town that she lives in is close to the ocean.

SHEC is the school that I work at.
SHEC is the school where I work.
Metrotown cinema where it costs only $10 for students usually has good movies.
Vancouver is the city where I live.

Where I live is a great place. noun clause


whom - TOO FORMAL, Forget about it!
The woman whom I was talking to is my sister.
MORE AUTHENTIC
The woman who I was talking to is my sister.
MOST AUTHENTIC
The woman who I was talking to is my sister.
The woman I was talking to is my sister.

whom - sounds fake, too fancy

When you are writing a letter, but you don't know you are writing to:

To whom it may concern,      - casual, personal
To whom it may concern:      - business, official

Re:     regarding, about


who
that
which

whom
where
whose - possession, own something
The boy whose bicycle was stolen is very sad.
My sister whose favourite food is pizza will throw a party this week.
The man whose car got into an accident is seriously injured.
My daughter whose best friend is moving back to Vancouver is very excited.

Eng mix Free advice about work and practice

Sentences
Simple
Compound
, SOBA
; TRANS,

Complex
- adverb clause
- noun clause
- adjectives clause


There has to be a change. You have to make a change in how you think about English.

* Don't practice what you're already good at.
Practice what you're not good at!
Get better at that.
It will feel bad at first because you don't know how to do it.
In time, it will get better.

Eng 11 JP Ch7 Notes

• “JP” Ch 7
• Table discussion Thought Questions, LCD

Frank join Marines
“Little Brother and Champ and Killer” pp134-5
“the CHAMPION YELLOW BOMBER” p135
“I was getting scared”
“It’s okay, Jung… not of warning but of deliverance” p137
“it was not courage I desired most” p138
“moon was the sign of the dark storyteller” (p139)
“the one who told of hidden things”
“Moon people felt things”
Moon - starsign - Cancer between June 21 and July 22

“life itself was loss and pain and suffering” p139
“Your old ways are not the new ways.  Your grandchildren have to live the new ways.” p140

Eng 11 JP Ch 6

• “JP” Ch 6
• Table discussion Thought Questions, LCD

13 years old

Old Yuen’s bad luck

“tears save us from damnation” p117
lucky Gee Sook- man who runs the laundry
Old Yuen Tiger Bone Wine, threw up laundry
“Nothing one can do about bad luck” p118
Frank, son of Old Yuen p120
“You be my son” p122
Kiam, accountant for Third Uncle
“Noone crossed Frank Yuen” p123
“My boy Frank… win some respect for himself.” p123
“told Liang to stay out of Frank Yuen’s way” p124
“Chinatown expected no more from Frank Yuen’s only son than …early death” p125
fight with Frank Yuen in Tong hall pp128-
tries to get Jung Sum angry by insulting him

“Win!” p129
“intense icy resolve”
“I thrust the knife point-blank at his bobbing Adam’s apple.” p130

“Bah-Bah, don’t hit me” p131
“my whole body suddenly lit… grope the raw tactile air” p131
“So where the fuck’s my knife, Champ” p132
“Frank Yuen is the sun… Jung-Sum is the moon” p132
“the Old One’s words followed me” p133

Eng 11 JP Ch5 Notes

• “JP” Ch 5
• Table discussion Thought Questions, LCD

hand-me-down coat
coat may be symbolic, covering, conceals
coat is very masculine, army-style coat

Jung-Sum 12 years old – adolescence
Jung-Sum is awakening to his true nature. 
Frank is the vehicle for that
Frank is hyper-masculine, very manly – strong, fights, aggressive, independent, blue-collar
Jung-Sum is drawn to Frank

* blue collar worker - labour, white collar worker - professional

“Inside unusual” Poh-Poh says about Jung-Sum p87
“Sun and moon both round” p88
female, yin, gay?
Wayson Choy

moon – female symbol, femininity
Latinate languages – French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
article- a an the     le la le stylo
la luna, a lua
le sol, o sol

moon is usually associated with female, femininity

SIDE NOTE – lun, lua, luna – luna moon
English – luna – insanity, crazy
lunacy, lunatic, loony

femininity is often associated with madness in western culture
hysterical – overly emotional, lost control of emotions
hysterectomy – operation to remove the womb
hysteria - sexist

association of gay with femininity , stereotype, often not true
behavioural stereotypes that boys and girls grow up with

FLASHBACK 
four-year-old orphan
“Your daddy and mommy dead” p89
“Fox Demon” “Fox lady” p89-90
“Lady foxes had little foxes” p91
“Sai Mui, your little sister”
“The Head Fox” p92
meet First Brother Kiam
“reddish scars… a belt buckle” p94
“I knew I belonged”
“gripped my pillow… not one tear fell from my eyes” p95
mother murdured, father suicide
Chin family p96
“Jung strong boy. Never cry” p98
“salt tears came to make up the ocean” p98

Gee Sook bachelor dry cleaner
Kiam, first son p109
“’new’ coat” p111

“Familiar stories, familiar phrases, comforted the elders of Chinatown” p113
“I wanted to see myself… in the familiar light of home.” p114

Eng mix noun clauses

SIMPLE

COMPOUND , SOBA  ; TRANS,

COMPLEX
- adverb clause
- noun clause 
- adjective clause


Noun clauses -
feel, think, believe, remember, know, imagine, suppose, understand  
say, suggest

that, how, why, what

Jody said that she would be late.
Mohamed said that he traveled to Syria.
Rose said that goji berries have a lot of iron.
I think that this school is good for adults.
I think that Vancouver is a great city, but it is an expensive place to live.
You are what you think you are.
Scientists don't know how Caronvirus can be treated.
I don't know why she is always late.
I don't know how can I help you. XXX
How can I help you?
I don't know how I can help you. 
What time is it?
I don't know what time it is.

that - can be omitted
Jody said that she would be late.
Jody said she would be late.
Mohamed said he traveled to Syria.
Rose said goji berries have a lot of iron.
I think this school is good for adults.
I think Vancouver is a great city, but it is an expensive place to live.

The little boy is imagining that he is a hero.
The little girl is dreaming that she is a princess. 

I suppose that we could postpone our test until next week.
postpone - put off, delay, reschedule
suppose - i guess, agree, it's ok

I suppose so. 

You are supposed to redo this job. 


I don't know what I can do.
I don't know what to do. MORE COMMON

I know how to speak French.
I don't know how to speak Japanese.
She knows how to play piano.
She doesn't know how to help her son with his homework.

I know how to persuade my husband to do whatever I want.

I know how to hunt deer.

I know how I can make you mad.
I know how I can to make you mad.


My son knows how to get my daughter's goat.

get my goat - make me angry

We don't understand why English has to be so difficult.

Eng mix adverb clause quiz solutions

adverb clause quiz - examples

Even though the bus was late, I missed my class.
LOGIC?
Even though Because the bus was late, I missed my class.
Even though the bus was late, I made it to my class on time.

In Canada, people have freedom since democracy. XXX
In Canada, people have freedom since it is a democracy.

I feel peaceful (adj) and relax (v) until the baby starts crying. 
I feel peaceful and relaxed (adj) until the baby starts crying. 

You have freedom for talking to talk 

about politics.

My sister was difficult to do everything in Australia. XXX vf
My sister had difficulty to do everything in Australia.
My sister found it difficult to do everything in Australia.

showing opinion
I find it cold in here.
She found the movie (is) boring.
I find that store (is) expensive.
I find he is not a nice man.
I find reading book is helpful for my English.

For me, it is difficult for me to speak English. 
I find speaking English (to be/is) difficult.

I find getting bargains easy.

I find SHEC more useful than other schools.

YESTERDAY
I am a friend of her. XXX
I am a friend of hers.
I am friends with her.

I got had a peaceful life until I moved to Vancouver.
Meaning??
I got a peaceful life until after/when I moved to Vancouver.

Peaceful Peacefulness/Peace is what people want to experience.

Eng 11 adjective clauses

Writing Academic English

Ch 10 Types of Sentences

Ch 12  Noun Clauses

Ch 13 Adverb Clauses

Ch 14 Adjective Clauses



English sentences
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

Complex sentences
adverb clauses
noun clauses
adjective clauses

adjective clauses - describe nouns
S+V = clause

who - people, humans
that - everything, people, animals
which - things that are not alive, special things, unique

whom
where

Joe's sister who lives in Ottawa is a web designer. 2 or more sisters

Joe's sister, who lives in Ottawa, is a web designer.
1 sister
, who lives in Ottawa, - extra information, non-essential clause, non-restrictive clause

Joe's sister, who lives in Ottawa, is a web designer.
*the sentence still gives us enough information to understand it's meaning
Joe's sister is a web designer.
1 sister - enough information is given
2 sisters - not information is given

Juan's brother who is a car lover has a new car.
1 brother ,   ,
2 brothers - no commas

Sarah's mother who loves to play mahjong is retired.
How many mothers? 1 probably 
Commas or no commas?
Sarah's mother, who loves to play mahjong, is retired.
commas because it is extra information
2 commas or no commas

Let's meet at the Starbucks that is on the corner of Robson and Thurlow at 3 o'clock.
essential information = essential clause, restrictive clause

Let's meet at South Hill Education Centre, which is my high school.
non-essential
Let's meet at South Hill Education Centre, which is on the corner of Fraser and 43rd Avenue.

Ling comes from Kaiping which is a smallish city in southern China.
Think about and decide if it is necessary or not.

smallish - kind of small
Let's leave around 5. Let's leave 5ish. 
Let's leave at 5 sharp.

Yoko comes from Tokyo, which is the capital city of Japan.

Yoko comes from Tokyo, that is the capital city of Japan. 'which' is for special things, unique things 

I come from a very small city that/which is close to the Atlantic Ocean.

I come from a very small city called Sydney, Nova Scotia that/which is close to the Atlantic Ocean.

Fred who is my music teacher likes to play volleyball.
Attia , who is our classmate, comes from Egypt originally.
Think and decide.

Surinder's wedding ring, which her husband designed for her, is made of white gold. unique, special

Gold rings are not pure because gold is very soft. Gold comes in 14 karat, 18 karat, 21 karat, and 24 karat, which is the purest form.


, adj cl ,


whose - possession
The little boy whose dog ran away was sad.

A. Children who misbehave get into trouble. Truer
B. Children, who misbehave, get into trouble. Not true. Truish



If you remove the adjective clause, if the sentence still makes sense or gives enough meaning, than use commas.

Kuwait , which is a tiny country, is next to Iraq.

Please take out the book that is about essay writing.

who/whom
SHORT ANSWER whom

The person who I was talking to is my sister.

object pronoun 'who' , choice to be very formal
'whom'

FORMAL/FANCY
The person whom I was talking to is my sister.
SUPERFORMAL/SUPERFANCY
The person to whom I was talking is my sister.

One exception - writing to someone -you don't know their the recipient
Dear Mrs Chen:
Dear Vovo,

To whom it may concern:


VERY FORMAL - unusual, sounds fake
The person to whom I was talking is my sister.
FORMAL - unusual
The person  whom I was talking to is my sister.

AUTHENTIC USAGE
The person who I was talking to is my sister.

MOST NATURAL SOUNDING
The person I was talking to is my sister.

object pronoun - omit it

The dog that you were playing with is cute.
The ring that she bought is made of 24k gold.

You can decide what level of formality you like.

speaking - informal, casual
writing - 

Authentic English - everyday, normal English
Personal writing style

Bon appetit! Good appetite.

Bon provecho Mexico

Help yourself! Enjoy!

English Foundations 6/7 Monday February 24, 2020

Al Haley

haleyshec.blogspot.com

no password
Use it forever.

Vocabulary:
severe (adjective) - strict, tough
Mary had a severe illness, but she was still going to work. She is a very hardworking and dedicated / diligent person. 
hardworking - diligent, dedicated, workaholic, work like a dog/donkey

To learn vocabulary, you can check a thesaurus.
thesaurus - gives synonyms
***VERY VALUABLE TOOL:
https://www.thesaurus.com/

workaholic - loves to work, negative, works too much
alcoholic - drinks too much, can't control it
shopoholic - spends too much money
chocoholic - eats too much chocolate

severe weather - hurricane, typhoon, rain storm, cold snap, heat wave

My grandfather had a severe personality.
- unfriendly, authoritarian, feared, cruel, unsmiling, humourless, hard, insensitive

impatient -  no patience
patient (adjective) The kindergarten teacher is very patient with the children.
patience (noun) She has a lot of patience.
I am running out of patience.
patiently ( adverb) We were waiting patiently for the bus to come.

patient (noun) - an ill person in a hospital
The patient nurse was patient with the patient.

procession - 
The army marches in a group.
We were in a funeral procession for my severe grandfather.
We watched the wedding procession on the beach.

bewilder (verb)
bewildered (adjective) -very surprised, confused
The old man from the small village was bewildered when he came to the big city.

I come from a small village with only about 200 people.
Vancouver was a huge bewildering city to me.

gradual (adj)- slow
gradually (adv) We are learning English gradually.

antonym: suddenly, immediately, quickly

indifferent(adj) - don't care, not interested
She was indifferent about the movie.
indifference(n)
Her idea was met with indifference from her coworkers.
different - not the same

wretched - in a terrible state, miserable
I woke up feeling wretched today.

substantial - a lot
The costs for car insurance are substantial.
The Chemistry 12 course has a substantial amount of work.

haste (n) - hurry (n)
hasty (adj)
IDIOM - Haste makes waste. Go slowly and do the job carefully.

proper (adj) - correct, right, appropriate
You must show your parents the proper respect.
In your home country, is it proper to call your teacher by their first name?

straggle - come in late
straggler - a person who is late, latecomer
We had a few stragglers in this class tonight.

struggle - fight, face a problem
We all have struggles in our life.
Life is struggle.

ignorant - rude (casual), unknowing, not having knowledge
That guy was so ignorant. (rude)
I am pretty ignorant when it comes to chemistry.

arrogant - big head, overly proud
He think he's better than other people. He's very arrogant. He looks down his nose at people.

MOST USEFUL?
WHICH ONES WILL YOU TRY TO USE TOMORROW?
- substantial
- proper
- haste "Don't be hasty. Take your time when you are making an important decision."
- severe
- gradual

News Article oral language exercises??
Role play exercises??

Characterization Worksheet 1
character traits , characteristics of a person's personality- adjectives
1. caring, considerate, thoughtful, protective, polite, gentlemanly, good Samaritan

2. hardworking, diligent, dedicated, sportaholic, determined, ambitious, excited, driven, athletic

3. strict, bossy, authoritarian, disciplined, severe, hard, fussy, picky, obsessive, serious, intense

4. crybaby, sensitive, emotional, childish, soft-hearted, insecure, volatile 

bipolar, disordered - psychological disorders

5. honest, reliable, trustworthy, good samaritan, upright, moral

6. selfish, arrogant, showoff, narcissistic, self-absorbed, braggart, boastful, egotistical, egocentric

7. social, sociable, talkative, friendly, easygoing, communicative, extraverted, outgoing, warm, social butterfly
ANTONYM: introverted

8. shy, introverted, embarrassed, timid, modest, lacking confident, insecure, self-effacing, quiet

9. rude, hard, cold, unfriendly, severe, judgmental, organized, unhelpful

10. charming, attractive, magnetic, introverted, charismatic, quiet, the strong silent type, intelligent, lucky, alluring, calm

lure - draw in
flirt (v) - 















  














incisive - clear, to the point 

Eng mix Segregation and The Little Rock Nine

Segregation was enforced by law.

enforce - sounds like 'force'  - make us follow the rules, the authority, the person in charge 
The police enforce the law.

segregated schools in the Southern US

Rosa Parks - Alabama


Little Rock, capital of Arkansas,
1957 - the Little Rock Nine 
segregated - first time Black students would go to White schools
-nine students - The Little Rock Nine 

Eng 11 noun clauses

Sentences
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
- adverb clauses
- adjective clauses
- noun clauses

noun clause - clause - group of words with S & V
noun clause functions as a noun

I like ice cream.
I like how you sing. how S V   - noun clause

how, that, why

how
I don't know how I can fix my computer.
I don't know how to fix my computer. MORE COMMON
She knows how to speak English. how she can get all of her work done.

that
think, feel, believe, know, remember, understand, realize, say
I think that it will rain tomorrow.
Mary believes that ghosts are real. that ghosts exist.
Mary believes in ghosts. SIMPLE
Mary believes that she can help her team get a trophy in the volleyball tournament.

causative verb help, ask, tell
Dave asks his sister to pick him up.
Dave helps his sister clean/to clean up the kitchen.

I don't know what she's talking about.
What's she talking about? SIMPLE

why
We don't know why Jon is absent today.
I don't why my son doesn't like/enjoy school.

The novel, The Jade Peony, gives us some some clues (as to) why Poh-Poh is so hard on Jook Liang.

whoever
My dog is happy to greet whoever he sees.
Whoever my dog sees is his friend. AWK

Wang Bak supported Jook Liang in whatever she wanted to do.

Example
Whatever you decide will be ok with me.
Whatever makes you happy is fine by me.

I know how you feel about my mother.

It annoys/bother/upsets me that you throw your dirty clothes on the floor.
It annoys me when you and your little brother squabble. silly argument like two chickens
I don't understand why the stove won't light.
I don't understand why the bus is so late.
Mariola knows what to do next. N CL
Mariola knows what she should do next. N

Don't judge a person by how they look. 
Don't judge a person by their appearance. SIMPLE
Don't judge a person by how they look. N CL
What you need is a vacation.
What you need is a nap.
back rub - massage

I have noticed that you haven't been playing with Jeff lately.
I notice that you are late most days.

I noticed that the door has been broken open.
I notice that there are a lot more electric bicycles on the road in Vancouver the past year.

Eng 11 sentence work

Example sentences that could be edited:

Poh-Poh was the first most important person in the family. highest status

She is the person who is must be respected.
She is the person who is most respected.

Poh-Poh is helpful for to Jook Liang.

Jook Liang is hard to learn the knot tying.
Jook Liang found it hard to learn the knot tying.
Jook Liang found it hard to learn how to tie the knots.
I find it cold today. opinion, impression
She finds English (to be) fun.
He finds math hard.

Poh-Poh was talking to Jook Liang and she told her that she didn't know how to follow her in what she did with her and   pron

Jook Liang and Wang Bak have a truly true friendship.
truly - adv, describe verbs
true - adj, describe nouns
Truly, Jook Liang and Wang Bak truly are truly great friends. 

Poh-Poh and Jook Liang do not understand each other, ; they find it hard to communicate in a caring way. CS comma splice

Poh-Poh always discourage Jook Liang. AGR
Poh-Poh always discourages Jook Liang.
Check the subject verb agreement for each subject+verb

They became friends afterward. # number

They have a relationship based on friendship, respect, and fun moments. parallelism- style

They have self-confidence. They are self-confident.

Jook Liang didn't scare wasn't scared of Wang Bak.
Jook Liang didn't get scared of Wang Bak.
Jook Liang didn't feel scared of Wang Bak.

scare/scared/scary
Jook Liang didn't find Wang Bak scary.
Wang Bak didn't scare Jook Liang.

Mary didn't find the book very interesting.
Mary wasn't interested in the book.
The book didn't interest Mary.
Mary didn't feel interested in the book.

vt - verb tense 
higher level classes - The teacher may require you to write in present tense. In this class, writing in past tense is ok and much easier because novels are written in past tense.
maintain verb tense - vt  - avoid switching back and forth between past tense and present tense

FREE ADVICE - Keep it all past tense unless the teacher wants you to write in present tense.

Eng mix Rosa Parks

You must stand up for yourself.

Stand up against racism.

Rosa Parks was fighting against the law of segregation.

slave - property of another person

segregation - separation of Black and White people "colored"

separate schools, separate restaurants, separate water fountains

The community bailed her out.

boycott - refuse to buy from a country or company

civil rights movement

Canada - Viola Desmond, Stellarton, Nova Scotia
1946 , young Black woman, movie theatre

Eng mix adverb clause quiz preparation

because
when
if
although/though/even though
since
ever since
while
before/after
even if
unless
until


1. dog because
I am sad because my dog ran away.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.



until - up to a time
He didn't repay me the money that he borrowed until I called the police.
I will wait until you call me.
She ran around the park until she was exhausted.

unless - if not
Sarah won't talk to you unless you apologize to her.
I won't let you play with your Playstation unless you finish your homework.

Eng mix compound quiz solutions

COMPOUND SENTENCES

, SOBA
; TRANS,

consider - think about
I always consider what young children like to do; then I enjoy playing those games with them.

Ali consider to live in Vancouver then he looking to find a job.
Ali considers living in Vancouver; then he is looking to find a job.

                       awk, translation
It is dirty at my bedroom's corner, so I clean it up right now.
It is dirty in the corner of my bedroom. AUTHENTIC ENGLISH

Many people do not the English phrasing.

punctuation ; ,


Write a compound sentence for each:
1. property   but
I want to buy some property in Vancouver, but I don't have enough money.
I want to buy some property but no money. XXX
I want to buy a property, but it is too expensive.
The library is public property, but a store/my house is not. It is private property.
This computer is my property, but you can use it if you want.
a property - land, real estate
your property/my property - you/I own a thing

car loan
house loan - mortgage

2. change   in contrast
Sarah wants to change her hair style; in contrast, her sister, Julie, keeps the same hair style year after year.

Her sister, Julie, keeps the same hair style.
My sister, Kathy, lives in Spain.
Abdallah's brother, Mohamed, lives in the US.
appositive
Your home country, China, is the third largest country in the world.
China, my home country, is the third largest country in the world.
Julie, her sister, keeps the same hair style.
Our school, South Hill, is over one hundred years old.
My kids, Clara and Kai, are very polite.

3. consider   then
I will consider my future; then I will make a plan.
China is considered a country of the next century.
Canada is considered to be safe and clean.
COVID2019 is considered by many people in China to be a serious threat.

2000 people so far
common flu every year around the world 12000-60000

4. purchase   in addition
Mary purchased a new pair of cowboy boots; in addition, she bought a cowboy hat.

5. corner   so
Doug parked his car on the corner of Fraser and 43rd, so he got towed away. It will cost him $150 to get his car back / out of impound.

6. decorate   simultaneously
My husband decorated our living room for our daughter's 7th birthday party; simultaneously, I decorated our kitchen.
We will have our son's 12th birthday party at Kid's Market on Granville Island.
play places for little kids:
Go Bananas
Crash Crowleys


Proposal for Monday -
REWRITE/ REDO the Compound sentence quiz
OPTIONAL - keep your mark or try for a new mark

Version 1       Version 2
5/6                                                  5/6
5/6                  6/6                           6/6
5/6                  3/6                           3/6
1/6                  4/6                           4/6


Monday adverb clause quiz, OPTIONAL REDO compound quiz

Eng 11 JP Ch 4 notes

Jung-Sum second brother
Uncle Dai Kew “hellhole kitchens” p75
“buckets of sawdust” hog fuel p76, verisimilitude for Vancouver

“No work, no will”
“God of Longevity” Old Longlife? p77
“scare off any Depression hobo”
“Turtle talk to ghosts- all the time, ghost talk!” p79
“Good fortune, Grandmother had said, long life.” p80
“I have a pet like the old man and the boy in the woods.”
“had seen a movie” (78)
turtle has symbolic meaning in Chinese turtle
part of Chinese mythology

tension with meaning
“This is a Canada turtle” p84
“This low fan boy… said it was a low fan turtle.” p84
“low fan” gwei lo -
“King George”

“omen” p84 – sign of good luck or bad luck
scary movie “The Omen”

last sentence- good ghosts, good luck

Eng 11 Sentence style work

SENTENCES:
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX

Every sentence that you write should be one of these kinds.

SIMPLE - one independent/main clause,
 complete meaning by itself
S + V.
SS + V.
S + VV.

COMMON ERROR
Jook Liang who loves to dance. XXX sentence fragment, frag
Jook Liang who loves to dance. 'who' is the problem
SOLUTION
Jook Liang who loves to dance is a good friend to Wang Bak. COMPLEX- adjective clause
Jook Liang who loves to dance. SIMPLE


COMPOUND
, SOBA

COMMON ERROR
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak, so she stood in front of the mirror. XXX

When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak adverb clause - COMPLEX
 so she stood in front of the mirror. COMPOUND

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak, so she stood in front of the mirror. COMPOUND
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak, so she stood in front of the mirror. COMPLEX
When Jook Liang was waiting for Wang Bak, she felt nervous, so she stood in front of the mirror. COMPOUND COMPLEX - about as complicated as we want

COMPLEX
adverb clauses -
because, if, when, while, since, as, just as, ever since, if only, only if, even if, provided that, though (casual) / even though / although

since - reason, time
Joan will be late since her car won't start.
Joan has lived in Canada since ten years ago. XXX
Joan has lived in Canada since S V ten years ago. 
Joan has lived in Canada since she moved here ten years ago.
Joan has lived in Canada since she was 20 years old.
Jan has lived in Canada since for ten years. XXX
Joan has lived in Canada since 2001 / last August. SIMPLE

ever since - time, feels like a long time
Joan has lived in Canada ever since 1999. SIMPLE
Joan has lived in Canada ever since she moved here from India in 1999. COMPLEX
We have waiting for the bus since 9 o'clock. SIMPLE
We have waiting for the bus ever since 8 o'clock. S

Jook Liang has been friends with Wang Bak ever since she met him when she was five years old. COMPLEX

Your writing should be grounded in SIMPLE, COMPOUND and COMPLEX sentences. It never has to leave those three styles.

I am her friend. UNUSUAL
I am friends with her. NATURAL

adjective clauses
noun clauses

even if  - maybe
A                                                     B
Sherry will not go to your party even if you ask her nicely.
A is not affected by B
I will come to your party even if I am tired.

if
A                                         B
I will come to your party if I am free.
A is affected by B

even though - in the past or already decided
Joan will come to your party even though/ even if she is tired.

provided that - 'if' for important things
Let's grab a coffee if you're free.
She will get married to Joe provided that he buys a house for her, and a nice ring, and a car.
She will get married to Joe if he buys a house for her, and a nice ring, and a car.
You will live a long healthy life if / provided that you eat well, exercise, and get enough sleep.

although - even though
Mary will go walk on the beach this evening after work although it is chilly. It is chilly today.
Mary will go walk on the beach this evening after work even if it is chilly. It might be chilly today.

MODALS - modal auxiliaries
may might can could should 
may be , might be 

may be / maybe - different
I may go to see a movie later. may - more formal, polite
I might go to see a movie later. might- usual
may - polite
May I go to the washroom? more polite
Can I go to the washroom? - more casual
Could I go to the washroom? - unusual
Shall - forget it out
"I shall pick you up at the airport." VERY STRANGE

Eng mix adverb clauses

ESL - English as a Second Language (subject)
EAL - English as an Additional Language (subject)
ELL - English Language Learners (person)

COMPLEX SENTENCES
* adverb clauses
because, if , when
Because it is raining, S V.
Because it is raining, she cancelled the field trip.
She cancelled the field trip because it is raining.
She cancelled the field trip, because it is raining.
, because - not a good style for me, detail , not a big deal, personal style
Commas are very personal. Some people use a lot of commas; some people use very little.

She cancelled the field trip, for it is raining. COMPOUND - very unusual to use 'for', very formal and old-fashioned

since - 2 meanings - reason, time
Sheila will miss the party since she has to work.
Sheila has lived in Canada since 1968.
Sheila has lived in Canada since she moved here eight years ago.
Sheila has lived in Canada since eight years ago. AWKWARD XXX
Sheila has lived in Canada since for eight years ago.
Sheila has lived in Canada for eight years.
Sheila has lived in Canada for six months.

Sheila has lived in Canada since last year/ June/2018.

although  / even though  / though  -same meaning
Sarah wants to go see a movie tonight even though she's tired.
though - sounds a little bit more casual
although  / even though - better for formal writing
tho - texting, XXX, not for school or business writing
bc - because XXX
cause - because XXX 
til - until XXX

even if  if-maybe
even though - already done
even if 
A                                                          B
She won't come to your party even if you ask her nicely.
A is not affected by B

Michelle will finish her homework even if she is tired.
Michelle will finish her homework even though she is tired.
I will marry her even if you disapprove.
I am going to buy a new phone even if I can't afford it.
I am going to buy a new phone even though I can't afford it.

Dave will call you even if he is busy.
Dave will call you even if he will be busy. XXX

Because it is raining, my father will not go to work.
My father will not go to work. independent clause, complete sentence
Because it is raining dependent clause


since / ever since
ever since - time, suggests a long time
We have been waiting for the bus since 12:20.
We have been waiting for the bus ever since 11:45.

Mary has lived in Canada since she moved here in 2019. time
Mary has lived in Canada ever since she moved here in 1996. a long time
Joan has played ping pong ever since she was in elementary school.

before/after - time
The kids do their homework before supper. SIMPLE
The kids do their homework before they eat supper. COMPLEX - adverb clause

supper - more relaxed, lobster supper
dinner - more formal, wedding dinner, Xmas dinner, Thanksgiving dinner, turkey dinner, lobster dinner, banquet,

fish chowder - milk,cream,butter,potato,carrot,bacon fish soup
baking powder biscuits

Are you a baker? It's an art and a science.

while/ when - time, different meaning
when - at one time
while- two things happening at the same time
when - Mary called me when she got home.
while- Mary was watching a movie while her brother was playing video games.
I have been learning English while I have been working at the store.
The teacher was teaching us while the truck was making  a lot of beeping sounds.
Elsa was cooking enchiladas while she was talking to her sister, Lorena.

nevertheless COMPOUND ; 
Mohamed works a lot and is always tired; nevertheless, he is almost always cheerful.






* noun clauses

* adjective clauses

Eng11 JP Ch3 Notes

“The white taffeta dress… faded raspberry stain near the collar.” p43
everything is second-hand, third-hand, tattered, worn
no money for luxuries and “stupid foolish”

“Beauty and the Beast” p44

signs of something wrong
“Where is Wong Suk?” “Paper day for Wong Suk” p47
“Walk young for young job; walk old for old job.” p48
“more life years… added to your paper years, the more Honourable one became” p48
“I had witnessed Poh-Poh giving different numbers to different people.” p48
“paper-years… always different from Chinese years” p49
“I stupidly thought, There’s nothing left to tell.” p49

“Tell her.” Wong Suk repeatedly p50
“negotiate with the… the Tong”

“Big Careless Mouth… Too many English words” p51
“whispering… all jostling for survival… each as desperate as Chinese voices” –universal immigrant experience ***

FLASHBACK
“Johnson bess-see Boss Man” p53 “bess-see” best, heavy accent
saved his life in rail camp
Wong Suk only wanted gold
“note… wrapped around a heavy American gold coin” p56
“Head Tax” p57
“Bess-ee”(Wang Bak’s accent)

Wang Bak sensitive man -“I gave her plum blossoms… Throw back at me all the blossoms” p58

“Lucky Money” why? p60
“that was a sign, too, and I did not pay enough attention” p60
What is happening with Wong Suk? rising suspense
“Wong Suk told of being friends with some Siwash natives” p60

mah-jong “Gossip was a way everyone warned everyone else about what was known” p61
“Who did not have a tale to tell?” p63
“hint of mystery… Paper, paper, paper… Tell her… Father could not” pp63-4
“monkey man and defiant girl, once showed their whip scars to each other” p65
“when I cried, I cried on my own” p65
“the bones shipment” p66
“I waited for our Chinglish conversation” p66
“I wished everyone would go away and stay away” p68
“I felt the deep warmth of his cloak and moved away” p69
“Farewell, my bandit princess” p71
“I forgot to..urge him Turn around.  Come back.  Come back” pp71-2
“No, not yet, not until Liang wants to leave” p72
“I did not, then, in the days of our royal friendship… never to forget you.” p72
“I never to forget you” repeated phrase (43,72, other pages-look out for them)