Shut the door gently. (Turkish)
Remember your way back. (Arabic)
who that which
whose
whom
Understanding and Using English Grammar Betty Azar
main clause - independent clause
subordinate clause - dependent clause
subject pronouns
She has a coat. It is made of rabbit fur.
She has a coat that is made of rabbit fur.
She has a coat that
Marie is a student. She studies very hard.
Marie is a student who
object pronoun
Marie has a coat. She bought it at Winners.
Marie has a coat that she bought at Winners.
that is an object
CHOICES:
Marie has a coat that she bought at Winners.
Marie has a coat she bought at Winners. NATURAL
Jan has a friend who she really likes.
who is an object
CHOICES:
Jan has a friend who she really likes.
Jan has a friend whom she really likes. UNUSUAL, VERY FORMAL
Jan has a friend she really likes.
Jan has a friend that she really likes.
A. Create a sentence that has an adjective clause, either a subject or an object pronoun.
1. Louis knows the woman who is meeting us at the airport. subject pronoun
The woman who Louis knows is meeting us at the airport. object pronoun
The woman whom Louis knows is meeting us at the airport.
The woman Louis knows is meeting us at the airport.
2. The chair that Sally inherited from her grandmother is an antique. object pronoun
Sally inherited a chair that is an antique from her grandmother. subject pronoun
Sally inherited a chair from her grandmother that is an antique. MISPLACED MODIFIER
I gave a table to my sister that has three legs. XXX
I gave a table that has three legs to my sister.
3. The bench was wet. I sat on it.
The bench that I sat on was wet. object pronoun
I sat on the bench that was wet. subject pronoun
4. The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. object pronoun
I hired the man who painted my house and finished the job in four days. subject pronoun
I hired the man who finished the job in four days to paint my house. XXX
The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. object pronoun
Which style do you prefer?
6. The architect who Mario works with is brilliant. object pron
The architect whom Mario works with is brilliant.
object pron
The architect Mario works with is brilliant.
obj pron
Mario works with an architect who is brilliant.
subject pron
7. Mary tutors students who need extra help in geometry. subject pron
The students who Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. object pron
The students Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. object pron
The students whom Mary tutors need extra help in geometry. object pron
8. I took a picture of the rainbow that/which appeared in the sky. subject pronoun
The rainbow which I took a picture of appeared in the sky. object pronoun
First one is better. Choose that one.
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