E11 para process

What I'm looking for in a paragraph.
-Topic sentence that is clear and on-topic

Good technique 1-2 intro sentences -history, short anecdote

Topic sentence- topic related to the question, controlling idea- your take on it, your argument, your position

QUESTION
Discuss some ways that the moon is prevalent in Jung Sum's life.

TS- mirror that vocab, use synonyms

EXAMPLE
"Throughout Jung Sum's life, the moon has been very important."
"The moon has been very important throughout Jung Sum's life." SIMPLE BASIC EASY

"Jung Sum's life has been dominated by moon. In fact, it is a symbol of his personality." SOPHISTICATED VOCAB, SUBTLE MEANING


3-4 points- clear, well-organized points

Writing about the story, retelleing the plot.

STRUCTURE

PLAN FIRST!


PROCESS
PLAN
1. LIMIT THE TOPIC
2. GENERATE IDEAS
3. OUTLINE THE IDEAS

WRITE
4.ROUGH COPY
5. EDIT- SENTENCES- COMPLETE
WIDE VARIETY OF STYLES- simple, compound, complex
- punc
CS comma splice
- vt
- vf verb form

6. PASS IN

EF45 Noun clauses

EASIEST AND MOST COMMON WAY TO USE NOUN CLAUSES
think
say
feel
understand
know
believe
hope

see
learn
get- understand

apologize
appreciate

that

She hopes that you can go to the party.
He hopes that your dream will come true.

I apologize that I was late. UNUSUAL
I apologize for being late. USUAL

I appreciate that you helped me. UNUSUAL
Thanks for helping me, I appreciate it. COMMON
I appreciate that.

Thank you for helping me.

My friend always says that she will go back to school.
My friend always says. "I m going to go back to school." QUOTATION OF EXACT WORDS

I told you that I was going to be late.
You told me that I could return this.
My teacher told me that I need some new pens.

I get that you want to watch a movie, but first you have to do your homework. COMPOUND COMPLEX

I get that. I already know.
Now I get it.

I understand that you want to buy a new phone, but you already have a phone.
I understand that you want to buy a new phone, but I think that it is too expensive.

A NOUN CLAUSE AT THE BEGINNING IS VERY UNUSUAL
That you chew with your mouth open annoys us.
It annoys me that you chew with your mouth open.

Understand- that why
Why is she so angry?
I don't understand why she is so angry.
I don't understand why is she so angry? NO GOOD
Do you understand why she is so angry?
Do you know why she is so angry?

that
She hopes that you can go to the party.
He hopes that your dream will come true.
She hopes you can go to the party.
He hopes your dream will come true.

FREE ADVICE: LEAVE IN 'THAT". IT'S CLEARER FOR THE READER AND FOR YOU.

PRACTICAL USEFUL SENTENCES

I learned that I could do better if I tried.

I learned how to cook a fancy dessert.
I learned how I cook a fancy dessert. UNUSUAL

I am learning how to write different kinds of complete sentences. I am also learning how to talk more fluently.

where- places, locations
She doesn't know where she is going.
I don't know where I should buy my new car.
I don't know where John lives.

why- reasons

when- time
I don't know when she will come.
I don't know when she is planning on arriving.
Susan isn't sure/ doesn't know when her husband's plane is arriving.
We don't know when the party will be over.


I don't know which sweater you like. 
I don't know which sweater do you like. NO
Which sweater do you like? QUESTION




Michelle doesn't know which restaurant she should go to. 

Mike doesn't know which class he should take next term.

I don't know what you want.

What do you want?

whatever
You can choose whatever you want.
When you have a job, you can buy whatever you want.

When you are an independent person, you can do whatever you want. You can go wherever you want. You can hang out with whoever you want. You can go out whenever you want.

You can buy whatever you want.

You can say whatever you believe as long as you don't break the law.

EF45 Appositives

Combines these exercises using appositives:

1.              My lunch is an onion and garlic sandwich.  It smells great.

My lunch is an onion and garlic sandwich which smells great. ADJ CL

My lunch, an onion and garlic sandwich, smells great. APPOSITIVE

2.              My son is an engineer.  He will be moving to Toronto next week.

My son, an engineer, will be moving to Toronto next week. APPOSITIVE

My son, who is an engineer, will be moving to Toronto next week. ADJ CL

3.              Jessica, the youngest student in the class, had the highest mark. APPOSITIVE

4.              The baby, six months old, does not sleep well.

The baby, a six-month-old, does not sleep well.

The baby, a six-month-old girl, does not sleep well.

5.              Eileen, the marketing manager, organized the ad campaign. APPOSITIVE

6.              The class was taught by Mrs. McKnight.  She is a retired teacher.

The class was taught by Mrs. McKnight,  a retired teacher.

7.              The car, a red convertible, was speeding through the neighbourhood.

My son, Jim, a thirty-year-old engineer, will move to Toronto, the capital of Ontario, next week.

STYLE

Next week, my son, Jim, a thirty-year-old engineer, will move to Toronto, the capital of Ontario.

8.              Friends is an American sitcom.  It is very popular with ESL students.

Friends, an American sitcom, is very popular with ESL students.

9.              The Nakdong River, the longest river in Korea, is over 500 km long.

10.       English, the language of business, is a challenging language to learn.

EF45 adjective clause quiz

1. gold that

The gold coins that I bought were nice.
She has a gold ring that came from her mother.

the gold (n) coin (n)

the heavy (adj) coin (n)

the bookstore

a water bottle

the groceries 

the grocery (n) store (n)

the nine-years-old girl

- hyphen

the ten-year-old car


2. stone which
The stone which is in the park is white.

3. city that
The city that I live in is small.
He comes from a city that is beside the ocean.

4. visit X
The city she will visit is in Japan.
The girl who I was talking to will visit my sister.

Amy is going to visit her friend she lives in Richmond who she has known for 20 years.
Amy is going to visit her friend who she has known for 20 years.

A friend I visited lives in a small town.

John visits the factory that I work in.

5 traffic that

There was heavy traffic that made everyone late this morning.

I live near a street that has a lot of traffic in the mornings.

6. I drove by a serious traffic accident that had fatalities.

I saw a serious traffic accident that had fatalities.

I got into a serious traffic accident that had fatalities.

fatal

I saw a serious traffic accident in which somebody died.

I saw a serious traffic accident where somebody died.

I saw a minor traffic accident where an old man was bumped in the crosswalk.

concussion- brain

whiplash- neck

soft-tissue injuries- muscle, tendons, ligaments

6. boss who

I have a boss who is nice.

Sarah's boss is a woman who works very hard.

E11 Using Quotations

USING QUOTATIONS

Here are some key points to remember when using quotations:

1) Incorporate quotations into your sentences.

2) Keep quotations to a few words.  Quotations are like salt in food: a little bit gives flavour; too much ruins the dish.

3) Use quoted material to support your points.

4) Don’t use too many quotations.  Pick two or three quotations to support your brainstormed points and leave the rest.

5) Make sure the quoted material is exactly as written in the story.  Use … and [] to make minor grammatical or stylistic changes.

6) Avoid repeating quotations.

7) After quoting material, go on to explain why the quotation is relevant.

8) Avoid ending paragraphs with quotations.

EF45 Noun clauses

1. Whatever Sam orders will be good for all of us.
Whatever you want is ok with me.
You can have whatever you like.

2. Does your mother know how you feel about her new husband?

I'm not sure how I feel about you going to the party.

I'm not sure how I feel about you having a cell phone.

3. I don't want to go shopping this Saturday. What I'd rather do is go hiking.
I'd rather go hiking. EASIER VERB- SIMPLE SENTENCE

I'd prefer to go hiking.

4. It bothers me that you are always late.
It annoys her that the car is always breaking down.
It bothers him that his neighbour makes a lot of noise late at night.
It bothers him that he has noisy neighbours.

5. Helping people is how you can show your kindness.
Walking everyday is how you can get into shape.

6. I don't understand why she is late.
I don't understand why he is angry.
I don't understand why you are laughing.

7.Mariola knows what to do next. infinitive
You know how to play the piano.
You know how you can to play the piano.
I don't know how to speak French. infinitive
haircut
8. Don't judge people by how they dress.
Judge people by how they act.

10. A good supper is what you need.
What you need is a haircut.
What you need is more exercise.

EF45 Adjective Clauses Exercises

Exercise 4

2.The pizzeria where we ate yesterday served expensive food.
The pizzeria that we ate yesterday in /at served expensive food.

We ate there.

The pizzeria (where we ate there yesterday) served expensive food.
The pizzeria (which we ate there at yesterday) served expensive food.


The sandwich was good. I ate it.
The sandwich (that I ate it) was good.
The sandwich (that I ate it) was good.

The sandwich I ate was good. AUTHENTIC ENGLISH- COMPLEX SENTENCE

The sandwich that I ate was good. 

A clause is a subject and a verb.

3. My dog died yesterday (which made me very sad).


4. Sunday is the day when I sleep late.
Sunday is the day that I sleep in late.
Sunday is the day that I sleep late.

I was late today because I slept in.

6. Marta is the type of boss who is easy to work with.

PRACTICAL- USEFUL

7. Salmon is a meal that I love salmon.
Salmon is a meal which I love.
Salmon is a meal I love.

Salmon is a meal I love it. X
Salmon is a meal. I love it. 2 sentences


Exercise 3 

1. He used to live in Colombia, that is a Spanish-speaking country.
CS comma splice
He used to live in Colombia. That is a Spanish-speaking country.

He used to live in Colombia which is a Spanish-speaking country.
Colombia, where he used to live, is a Spanish-speaking country.
ADJ CL


'where' is for actions in places
He used to live in Colombia where people speak Spanish.

Spanish-speaking (adj)
Canada is an English-speaking country.

She is three years old.
She is a three-year-old girl.

This class is nine weeks.
This is a nine-week class.

- hyphen

This class has 28 students.

Her house has eight-foot ceilings.

The ceilings are eight feet high.

If you use a -, then you don't use a plural.


She owns a three-legged cat. (a)

She is long-legged dancer.

The baby has brown eyes.
She is a brown-eyed baby.

adjective form

I am left-handed.

Her family are all wide-shouldered.

He is a pencil-necked teenager.

insult- dissing (slang) disrespect

She can't see well without her glasses.

She is near-sighted. Her husband is far-sighted.

He wears bifocals. They are called transition lenses.

She wears trifocals, but they give her a headache.

I have a white-haired dog.

Some people have special reading glasses.

She is well-dressed.

Teachers are often poorly-dressed.
You need a makeover.
You are over-dressed. too fancy
You are under-dressed. too casual

EF45 adjective clauses

The lady (who I work with) is Ann's sister.
6. The lady (I work with) is Ann's sister.

The lady (who is my coworker) is Ann's sister.

Ann's sister (who is my coworker) is very impolite.

6. sister, X

QUIZ 3/6   RW 5/6 Final is the higher mark 5/6

I have a sister (all of my friends like).
I have a sister (that all of my friends like).

I have a sister (who is a nurse). X 'who' is a subject


where- place S V

The city where he was born is a small city.

The city where she lives now is a big city.
The city which she lives in now is a big city.


The school where your daughter goes is very popular.
The school which your daughter goes to is very popular.

The mountain where we like to hike was closed this weekend.
The mountain that we like to hike up/ on / around was closed this weekend.

E11 More practice with ""

     

·       More practice “”

PohPoh does not like to show affection to Jook

Liang: “elbowed away”. (33) 

NOT INCORPORATED

Jook-Liang tried to give her grandma a hug, but

PohPoh “elbowed [her] away”. (33)

[ ] square brackets- add a word or two so it is

grammatical

[ ] a tool in your toolbox

Jook-Liang tries to give her grandma a hug, but

the little girl is “elbowed away” by PohPoh.

I wrote the sentence to match the quotation.

Jung Sum found a “snakelike, angry… turtle” in the shed. (78)

... ellipsis

Jung Sum found a “snakelike… eye-glittering… turtle” in the shed. (78)

LESS MANIPULATION IS BETTER

... [ ] A little goes a long way.

EF45 adjective clauses

who
The girl who lives down the street is my friend. SUBJECT PRONOUN

The girl who I walk to school with is my friend. OBJECT PRONOUN, EASIEST, CLEAR

The girl who I walk to school with is my friend. MOST AUTHENTIC

The girl whom I walk to school with is my friend. VERY FORMAL
The girl with whom I walk to school is my friend. VERY VERY FORMAL


which
Ottawa, which is the capital of Canada, is in Ontario. ONLY ONE
My hometown, which is Kaiping, is a big city.
My hometown, where is Kaiping, is a big city. NO!


The apple, which is red, is sweet. SOUND LIKE ONLY ONE

that
The apple that is red is sweet. SOUNDS LIKE SEVERAL APPLES 

whose

where
My hometown, where I was born, is Kaiping.
The house where my sister lives has a leaking roof.
where S V
The SUBJECT, where something happens, VERB.
The school where we study is very old.


"That rings a bell." "I kind of remember that."

EF45 adjective clauses

king
The man who is the king is very popular.
He is the king of Thailand which is in Asia.
The king who wears red shoes is sitting on the chair.
Elvis Presley who was the king of Rock and Roll died in 1977.

We live in a world which has a lot of water.
We live in Canada which is the second largest country in the world.
My sister who lives in Canada is a nurse.

This new car which is I bought is blue.

She is talking to the family that lives next to her.

Her family likes to go to a park which is in Burnaby.

S + V

I go to a school that is on Fraser Street has classes.

The school which has English classes is on Fraser Street.

The boy who has a candy is happy.

Granville Island which has local produce is very popular.

He plays a guitar that has 7 strings.

She bought a guitar that is made of maple.

She works in a company that sells computers.

I like music that has a beat.

She listens to music that comes from Japan.

The girl who is singing a song is my daughter.

She has a face which is unique. very special

The girl who is singing a song is my daughter.

My uncle has a television that is very large.

My sister bought a TV that was on sale.

E11 Nice Surprise sentence combining

3. His boss, who was a hardworking woman, had praised his efforts.

adjective clause The cat that has white paws is cute.

Which one is true?
All people who are born in Canada are Canadian citizens.
All people, who are born in Canada, are Canadian citizens.

essential clauses, restrictive clauses

How many sisters? One or two?
My sister, who is a nurse, plays volleyball. One
My sister who is a nurse plays volleyball. Two

Our school, which is on Fraser Street, is called South Hill. non-essential clause, non-restrictive clause

Joe's mother who is retired likes to go hiking. 1+ mother
Joe's mother, who is retired, likes to go hiking. 1 mother


4. She had handed him a paycheque that contained a bonus that was small but worthwhile.
She had handed him a paycheque that contained a small but worthwhile bonus.
The paycheck that she handed him contained a small but worthwhile bonus.

5. He had said to her, "There must be some mistake.", but she had just smiled and assured him otherwise.

otherwise
Study hard; otherwise, you will flunk.

She thinks Vancouver is a very boring city; I think otherwise. I disagree with her.
He believes that it will rain today, but I think otherwise.
He believes that it will rain today. I think otherwise.
Two separate sentences

Tony liked the extra money, but the recognition and acknowledgment of his efforts pleased him even more.
Although Tony liked the extra money, the recognition and acknowledgment of his efforts pleased him even more.
Tony liked the extra money of course; however, he was more pleased with the recognition and acknowledgment of his efforts.

!!Tony liked the extra money of course; however, he was more pleased that his efforts had been recognized and were being acknowledged. !!

EF45

She came to Canada for ten years. XX
She came to Canada ten years ago.
She has lived in Canada for ten years.

condition
He exercises, so he is good condition shape.
She is in good health condition. She is very healthy. She is in excellent shape.

This bicycle is in very poor condition. shape
This shirt is in bad shape.


Some are these oranges are mushy.
Some of these oranges have gone bad.
These apples are rotten.
The milk has spoiled. The hamburger has spoiled.

The rice has gone bad.
The bread has gone moldy. mold

This spinach has had it.
My phone has had it.

She and her husband have had it.

I've had it with you two! I can't stand it anymore.

I've had it with your mess.

Stop ratting each other out.

rat on somebody

He wants to stir up trouble.

Tipline for the police

marijuana- pot

She smokes pot.
He bakes pot cookies.

joint- a marijuana cigarette

Crohn's disease

e-cigarette

EF45 adverb clauses

freedom (n)
I am freedom free.
free (a)

I have freedom. She wants freedom. He wants to get freedom. I will get freedom when I get out of jail.
I will have more freedom when my kids are older.

Parents get a bit more freedom around the house when their kids are old enough to get their own snacks.

as long as = if, provided that
You can study at SHEC as long as you need to. TIME
You can study at SHEC as long as you plan to graduate with a Grade 12.

E11 paragraph

Paragraph

Topic sentence- subject, controlling idea

Why did Poh Poh treat Jook Liang the way that she did?

TS must be linked to the question.- address the question directly

on-topic – mirror the vocab, use synonyms

In old China, women were treated poorly. off-topic

Poh Poh treated Jook Liang the way that she did for several reasons. clear, on topic, very simple, very basic

Poh Poh treated Jook Liang more harshly than the other grandchildren because she was a girl. in-depth, sophisticated

Poh Poh treated Jook Liang badly because of the way Poh Poh was treated when she was a girl.

1 points

2 points

3 points

4 points

“   “- a few words

INCORPORATING TEXT INTO YOUR OWN SENTENCES

Quality of the sentences- simple, compound complex

Sentence combining- 

Eng 11 sent comb

Variety of sentences

1. It was Friday, and Tony was feeling good.
It was Friday, so Tony was feeling good.
It was Friday; therefore, Tony was feeling good.
It was Friday, therefore, Tony was feeling good. CS punc
It was Friday. Therefore, Tony was feeling good.

Because it was Friday night, Tony was feeling good.
On Friday night, Tony was feeling good.

2. He had worked hard and gotten an unexpected raise.
He had worked hard and gotten a raise that was unexpected.

Since he had worked hard, he had gotten a raise. It was unexpected.
His hard work had unexpectedly gotten him a raise.
His hard work had gotten him a raise, unexpectedly.
Unexpectedly, his hard work had gotten him a raise.

He had worked hard; as a result, he had gotten an unexpected raise.

E11 Value Judgement sentence combining

1. While Carol was working hard on her test, Sue slipped her a note. 
Carol was working hard on her test when Sue slipped her a note.
Sue slipped a note to Carol, who was working hard on her test.

2, She didn't want the teacher to see her unfold the paper.
She didn't want the teacher to see, so she unfolded the paper carefully.
She unfolded the paper carefully because she didn't want the teacher to see.
3. The note asked for help on an important question.
4. Carol looked down at the paper and thought about the class's honour system.
Carol thought about the class's honour system when/ as / she looked down at the paper.

Looking down at the paper, Carol thought about the class's honour system.
Carol looked down at the paper, thinking about the class's honour system.

5. Everyone had made a pledge not to cheat.

Everyone had made a pledge which was not to cheat.

6. Carol didn't want to go back on her word; conversely, Sue was her best friend.

Carol didn't want to go back on her word even though Sue was her best friend.
7. As time was running out, Carol had to make up her mind.
Time was running out, so Carol had to make up her mind.

As time was running out, so Carol had to make up her mind. XX
8. Her mouth felt dry; on the other hand, her mouth felt tight. REP
Her mouth felt dry and tight.

F45 Portmanteaus

Portmanteau- mix of two words
Brexit = Britain + exit

motel = motor + hotel
brunch = breakfast + lunch. 10-11am
smog = smoke + fog
workaholic = work + alcoholic
shopaholic
chocaholic
shoeaholic
coffaholic
gamaholic
foodaholic

drug addiction

fentanyl- illegal, ODing, overdose

cocaine

staycation = stay + vacation, do all the tourist things in your city

frenemy = friend + enemy

Just made up
clarty = class + party
lunch + supper = sunch, lupper
work + fun = fork

EF45 Test review

interest (n)
interesting (a) The book is interesting.
interested (a) She is interested in reading.

bored, worried, tired, amazed, frustrated, embarrassed - emotion, how you feel

boring, worrying, tiring, amazing, frustrating, embarrassing- describes the thing


He felt embarrassed when he missed the meeting.
Missing the meeting was embarrassing.

The little boy is interested in Lego.
The little girl is interested in baseball.

If you are cold; therefore, you should put on a sweater. XX
You are cold; therefore, you should put on a sweater. COMPOUND
If you are cold, you should put on a sweater. COMPLEX

She is very enjoy baking. XX
She enjoys baking very much.
She really enjoys baking.
She very really likes Vancouver.

I paid very little for my car.

very expensive
very small

She very likes yoga.
She doesn't like yoga very much.
I don't like running very much, but I still do it.

Your ideas interest me. verb- LOW FREQUENCY
I am interested in your ideas.

West Vancouver is a city next to North Vancouver.
I live on the west side of Vancouver.
I live in the West End. The West End is close to Stanley Park.

Nexus card

E11 ... [] for quotations

... ellipsis- show that words have been omitted

...... etc. "I like dogs, cats, fish ......"
NOT ENGLISH

Wong Bak had a "wide nose... [and] bushy eyebrows" (25) which made him look unusual.

[ ] square brackets- added to the quotation for grammar

"XXX... YYY"
The old man "slurped his soup...[and] smiled" (26) to himself as he remembered his past.

The old man ate his supper and "smiled" (26) to himself as he remembered his past. 

SHORT IS GOOD

LESS IS MORE-

Jook Liang loved Wong Bak's "soft eyes" (23) and believed he was the "Monkey King" that Poh Poh had told her about.

"bulge out" (17)
Jook Liang's eyes "bulge[d] out" (17) when she first saw the elderly visitor come in to the living room.
Jook Liang felt her eyes "bulge out" (17) when she first saw the elderly visitor come in to the living room.

MANIPULATE SENTENCES- sentence styles

Because he was so frail, Wong Bak's "voice trembled" (19) when he talked to Jook Liang.

E11 Using quotations

"" quoting material
incorporating material from other sources

borrow, put it into your writing

CAN'T COPY- plagiarism

""

What did Wang Bak look like?

"old and angular" (16)
"stooped" (16)
"half-flopped puppet" (16) +
"narrow torso" (16)

"Gnarled thick fingers" (17) +
"grey-goateed heads" (17)
"wide-eyed, wet-nosed creature" (17) +
"carved wooden masks" (17)
"crooked legs" (17) +

"half-flopped puppet" (16) +
"Gnarled thick fingers" (17) +
"wide-eyed, wet-nosed creature" (17) +
"crooked legs" (17) +

Wong Bak looked like a "half-flopped
puppet" (17)
Wong Bak was an old man whose body was so broken up by years of hardwork that he looked like a "half-flopped puppet" (17) when he walked around. EVIDENCE, PROOF

He needed two canes to get around because his "crooked legs" (17) could no longer support his weight.

The children were surprised when they saw a "wide-eyed, wet-nosed creature" (17) staggering into their house.

THE SHORTER, THE BETTER
2-5 words

What did Wang Bak look like?

EF45 Adverb clauses

becuase
if
when

My son called me because he forgot his lunch.
Because my son forgot his lunch, he called me.

COMPLEX

My son forgot his lunch, so he called me. COMPOUND

if
Call me if you need a ride.
My son can come to the party if he finishes his homework.
If the girl passes the exam, she can go to VCC.

when
The man turned off the TV when the movie was over.
When it rains in Vancouver, there are more traffic accidents.
I buy gas when it is cheap.


after/ before
The kids did their homework after supper. (prep phrase)
The kids did their homework after they had supper. ADVERB CLAUSE

Before the dog went to sleep, he turned around three times.

Call me before you come over. 'call' first

since- two meanings- because, from (time)

She is wearing a hat since/because it's so cold today.
She has been wearing the same hat since Saturday. SIMPLE
She has been wearing the same hat since she bought it on Saturday. COMPLEX

He has been living in Vancouver since he moved here in 1998. COMPLEX
He has been living in Vancouver since 1998. SIMPLE 

provided that- 'if' for something important
Call me if you want to go for a run.

provided that/ as long as
You can go to UBC provided that you have good marks.
You can become a Canadian citizen provided that you XXXX.
My son is allowed to play video games as long as his homework is finished.


in order that/ so that
She is saving her money in order that she can go to Europe for a vacation.
MORE COMMON USAGE- in order to
She is saving her money in order to that she can go to Europe for a vacation.
She is saving her money in order to go to Europe for a vacation.

FLIP

In order that she can to go to Europe for a vacation, she is saving her money.

GRAMMAR IS NOT YOUR FRIEND!

STYLE

unless- NEGATIVE 'if'
She won't talk to you unless you apologize.
She will talk to you if you apologize.

We will go for a picnic if/unless it rains.
We won't go for a picnic if it rains.

if/ even if

She will talk to you if you apologize.

She won't talk to you even if you apologize.

We will have a picnic even if it rains.

THIS WILL HAPPEN even if THIS DOESN'T MATTER.

'if' maybe yes, maybe no

even though

We will go for a picnic even though it is raining.

She will go for a run even though she is tired.

She will go for a run even if she is tired.

REVIEW, USE IT

3 days

EF45 Main and subordinate clauses

2. if you insist- subordinate clause (adverb cl)
I will have a cookie if you insist.
If you insist, I will have a cookie.

3. whenever Heiman arrives

I will go to the movie whenever Heiman arrives.

Whenever Heiman arrives, we will eat supper.

4. so that you'll be ready

Make your lunch now so that you'll be ready to go tomorrow morning.

5. provided that it is blue

as long as it is blue

You can wear any shirt as long as it is blue.

You can go to the mall with your friend provided that you text me every hour. 

You can go play soccer in the park as long as/ provided that you are home for supper.

7. since you had the counselling

You have stopped gambling since you had the counselling.

Since you had the counselling, you have stopped yelling at your kids.

9. where Nolan was going

Do you know where Nolan was going?

No, I don't know where he was going.

E11 Translate para- First draft

   A fascinating historical example of the difficulty of translating one language to another is the story of how linguists decoded the famous Rosetta Stone, an ancient stone featuring identical text written in Ancient Greek and two types of Ancient Egyptian script, most notably the Egyptian heiroglyphic script. For hundred of years before the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in the late 1700s, linguists had been trying to decode Egyptian heiroglyphics (the script resembling eyes, birds, human figures and cat heads). The Rosetta Stone featured identical text written in Ancient Greek, which the linguists could interpret, and Ancient Egyptian, which they could not. Linguists mistakenly believed the Egyptian hieroglyphics represented ideas, like pictographs similar to Japanese kanji. However, a brilliant French linguist surmised, correctly, that the hieroglyphics were phonetic symbols more akin to Japanese hiragana, or our alphabet. This was a tremendous breakthrough for linguists who, by identifying commonly-known names in the Greek, were, able to find the same names in corresponding symbols in the Egyptisn script. From that, linguists were able to begin deciphering the previously incomprehensible language.