WI567 Class 39

 

Good afternoon

 

Today’s Agenda

·      Attendance

·      Continue adjective clauses- final kind of clause

Quiz tomorrow- I will keep it easy

·      Continue essay structure

Option to write an essay on the final day

·      Preposition exercises

·      Return Quiz4 – noun clauses

Optional RW for bonus point

 

Work to come:

appositives

 

Tuesday, April 15

·      Continue with adjective clauses

·      Causative verbs

 

Wednesday, April 16

·      Optional replacement quiz and/or test.

 

Thursday, April 17 - Final day

·      Option to write an essay for marks

·      Non-instructional day

·      One-on-one meetings if you want, just like midterm

Final marks and comments

·      Preparing report cards

Submit the final marks and report cards to the office

Adjective clauses

 

who- people

 

that- things, animals

 

which- special things, unique things

 

 

whom- rarely used, usually substitute “who”

 

**whom** rarely used’ grammar book word

object pronoun

 

The man who lives next door is friendly. adj cl SV 

‘who’ subject pronoun

 

The man who I was talking to is friendly. adj cl SV 

‘who’ object pronoun

When you have an object pronoun, ‘who’, you have some choices:

1. The man who I was talking to is friendly.   very authentic sounding

2. The man who I was talking to is friendly.   most authentic

The man I was talking to is friendly.   most authentic

3. The man whom I was talking to is friendly.   grammar book

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 1

2. The girl is happy. She won the race.

The girl who won the race is happy. adj cl

The girl who is happy won the race. adj cl

 

The girl who won the race is happy.

Subject or object pronoun? subject pronoun

 

3. The student who sits next to me is from China. subject pronoun

 

MY EXAMPLE

The woman was funny. I met her at the party.

The woman who I met her at the party was funny. XXX

The woman who I met at the party was funny.

 

OPTIONS/CHOICES

The woman who I met at the party was funny.

The woman I met at the party was funny.

The woman whom I met at the party was funny.

 

who/that – for people

‘who’ best choice

The guy who my sister, Kathy, married is an engineer.

The guy whom my sister, Kathy, married is an engineer. grammar book

The guy my sister, Kathy, married is an engineer. He is a good man.

 

The guy that my sister, Teresa, married is a real winner. He is useless.

 IRONY real winner

verbal irony- you say the opposite of what you mean, a bit funny

 

marry(v)

Where is your husband from? What country does he come from?

What does your husband do?

I married with/to a doctor. I am married to a mechanic.

 

 

‘that’ tricky word in English

It is used in a lot of different ways.

-demonstrative pronoun – ‘that pen’

-noun clauses ‘She said that she would be early today.’

-adjective clauses “She has a Siamese kitten that has blue eyes.’

 

 

David Bowie who was a famous music star had two different coloured eyes.

David Bowie who had two different coloured eyes was a famous music star.

 

**whose- shows ownership

The boy whose dog ran away was very sad.

My friend whose husband lives in Iran is going to visit him.

 

95% who that which

Examples:

Your sister who lives in Iran has a three-year-old child.

Your sister who has a three-year-old child lives in Iran.

 

The apartment that she rents is very old.

She rents an apartment that is very old.

 

She Reza who is my friend rents an apartment that is very old.

 

The phone that she bought has a camera that takes great pictures.

The phone that she bought has a camera that takes great pictures.

OPTION TO OMIT THE OBJECT PRONOUN

The phone she bought has a camera that takes great pictures.

Your choice. Which one do you like more?

The phone that she bought has a camera that takes great pictures.

The phone she bought has a camera that takes great pictures.

 

Your choice. Which one do you like more?

The dog that she saw was cute. clearer

The dog she saw was cute. more authentic

 

The necklace my mom gave me is gone.

The necklace that my mom gave me is gone.

The necklace, which my mom gave me, is gone. special

 

Ju Hai, which is my hometown, is in the south of China. special, unique

 

Winnipeg, which is the capital of Manitoba, is a small city. unique

 

which – any city name, country, unique things

 

which – unique

          -meaningful

The Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris, is made of iron. unique

The crayon picture, which my daughter drew, is on the fridge. meaningful

 

*where- place

I go to a café where I drink coffee.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*commas around adjective clauses

 

A.   Mei’s mother who is retired likes to garden. 2+

 

B.    Mei’s mother, who is retired, likes to garden. 1

 

How many mothers does Mei have? 1

 

My mother, who lives in Nova Scotia, loves birding.

 

 

A.   Joes’s sister who lives in Winnipeg is a vet. 2+

B.    Joes’s sister, who lives in Winnipeg, is a vet. 1

 

A How many sisters does Joe have? 1 or 2+

B How many sisters does Joe have? 1 or 2+

 

 

A.   Joes’s sister who lives in Winnipeg is a vet.  essential clause

B.    Joes’s sister, who lives in Winnipeg, is a vet. non-essential clause

 

Grammar book – essential and non-essential clauses, restrictive and non-restrictive clauses

 

 

My sister who lives in Spain loves dogs. 2+

My sister, who lives in Spain, loves dogs. 1

 

I have two sisters.

My sister who lives in Halifax works in a college.

My sister who lives in Spain works in a non-profit dog-rescue.

 

 

I have one brother. I have two sisters.

 

Exercise 1

4.The students are from China who sit in the front row. XXX

The students who sit in the front row are from China.

 

7. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknown numbers.

Algebra problems contain letters that stand for unknown numbers.

 

 

Misplaced modifier- adj cl in the wrong place- sound confusing, often funny

 

I gave a stool to my sister that has three wooden legs. Funny!

I gave a stool that has three wooden legs to my sister.

 

The man saw a cat who was riding a bicycle. Funny!

The man who was riding a bicycle saw a cat.

 

 

NOUN CLAUSE

She said that she would be late.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

She has a car that has nice tires.

 

 

 

Quiz4

Write a sentence with a noun clause for each.

1.    think           opinion

We think that her opinion is valid.

2.    say               necessary

The boss said that is it necessary to finsih the job.

3.    understand delay

I wonder/understand why the plane was delayed.

4.    see              manager

We saw what our manager did.

5.    know          curious

I know why kids are very curious about that world.

6.    forget         warranty

She forgot that her laptop is under warranty.