Tuesday, 5 March 2024

EF 4 5 Class 21

 

Good morning, everyone.

 

 

Today’s agenda

·      Continue with complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      Phrasal verbs, do a few every day

verb + preposition

·      Go over some more of the “Top 100 Most Used Verbs/Nouns in American English”

·      Pronunciation of the Day- daily pronunciation work- minimal pairs and tongue twisters

·      HW   Read “Culture Shock”

 

Wednesday

·      complex sentences- adverb clauses

·      prepare Quiz#5 on Thursday

·      Begin “Culture Shock”

 

Thursday

·      Quiz#5 on adverb clauses

 

Friday

·      Test #2 – paragraph culture shock

 

 

 

 

*** “Top 100 Most Used Verbs In American English”

 

***Pronunciation of the Day***

 

 

 

 

 

 

I am happy because my son is visiting us. adverb clause

She is upset because her teacher gave them too much homework.

She is upset because of the bad news. SIMPLE

She is upset because SV bad news.

She is upset because she got some bad news. COMPLEX SENT- ADVERB CLAUSE

Examples for practice:

1.I am happy/upset/tired/worried because...

I am happy/upset/tired/worried because SV.

I am worried because my daughter has a fever.

2.Food prices are going up because there was a bad crop.

3.The little boy is crying because he lost his toy.

 

 

Three  most commonly used words: because   if   when

 

NEXT LEVEL- Comma usage with adverb clauses   ,

A She is tired today because she couldn’t sleep last night. no comma

B Because she couldn’t sleep last night, she is tired today. comma

 

I am happy because my son is visiting us. no comma

Because my son is visiting us, I am happy. comma

 

She is upset because her teacher gave them too much homework.  no comma

Because her teacher gave them too much homework, she is upset. comma

 

Doris brought her umbrella because it is raining. no comma

Because it is raining, Doris brought her umbrella. comma

 

Two different ways of writing the same thing- same meaning, different styles

 

He has a coffee when he eats lunch.

When he eats lunch, he has a coffee.

Go to bed if you are tired.

If you are tired, go to bed.

*Callback to simple sentences: Go to bed. IMPERATIVE

 

Commas with adverbs clauses- You will see different styles from different writers. I am teaching you some simple firm rules to follow. These are simple firm rules that I have used in university, work, and life. You can choose to follow them or not.

As you become stronger writers, you can choose your own comma usage.

Like driving lessons – 10&2 on the steering wheel

 

‘because’ Some teachers say ‘Never start a sentence with ‘because’. This is not really true. You can if you want. Remember the comma.

e.g.    Maris is wearing a sweater because it is chilly today.

Because it is chilly today, Maris is wearing a sweater.

 

Either one seems ok to me. If you choose not to strat a sentence with ‘because’, that is yout choice. It’s not right or wrong- it is your choice.

 

Choice is a strength for us when we are writing and speaking.

 

SEVERAL WAYS TO GIVE THE SAME INFORMATION- choice

Maris is wearing a sweater. It is chilly today. 2 SIMPLES

Maris is wearing a sweater because it is chilly today. COMPLEX- ADVERB CLAUSE

Because it is chilly today, Maris is wearing a sweater. COMPLEX- ADV CL

It is chilly today, so Maris is wearing a sweater. COMPOUND

It is chilly today; therefore, Maris is wearing a sweater. COMPOUND

 

Five different ways to say the same thing.

If you can learn these, you can do anything in English.

Our goals! We want to be able to write in all of these styles.

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

 

More examples:

1.    Joe bought new dress shoes because he has a job interview.

Because Joe has a job interview, he bought new dress shoes.

*Use the name first, then the pronoun.

Janet called her sister.

2.    Sam is quite nervous because she has her first presentation today.

Because she Sam has her first presentation today, Sam she is quite nervous.

3.    Sam is really good at typing because he always types at work.

Because he Sam always types at work, Sam he is really good at typing it.

 

Good for EF34567, English 10,11,12, college, university.

If you can master these sentence styles, you will be good to go.

IDIOM good to go- ready, ready for anything

 

NOTE:

because & so  - closely related meanings, different usage

Mei is hungry because she skipped breakfast. COMPLEX-adverb cl

Mei skipped breakfast, so she is hungry. COMPOUND , SOBA

 

because/so – similar meaning, different usage

It’s up to you which way you want to write it. Both are excellent.

 

Joe was hungry, so he ate a sandwich. COMPOUND

Joe ate a sandwich because he was hungry. COMPLEX

Same meaning, different sentence styles

 

 

**if- maybe yes, maybe no, undecided

Sarah will go for a walk if the rain stops.

If the rain stops, Sarah will go for a walk.

Sarah will go for a walk if it stops raining.

 

Junko will wear a skirt if it is not raining.

If it is not raining, Junko will wear a skirt.

If it is raining, she will wear pants and rainboots.

SLANG puddle jumpers - rainboots, rubber boots

 

Maris stayed home if her daughter was sick. SIMPLE PAST

Maris will stay home if her daughter will be is sick.

 

**An adverb clause can be present or past, but not future.

When the independent clause is future, the adverb clause stays present.

e.g. We will go to the party if we’re free.  we are

We will go to the party if we will be are free.

We went to the block parties if we were free.

If we’re free, we’ll go to the party.

Her son will go play soccer if it will be is not too windy.

If it is not too windy, her son will go play soccer.

 

I will fix your computer when I get the parts.

He will get a dog because his kids want a pet.

 

I am sick today because I ate too much.

 

 

VERB FORM- go V

go play- play

Let’s go play soccer. – leave here and do something in another place

Go do your homework.

 

I am going to go fold the laundry.

She likes to go dancing. Where is she going? nightclub, studio, party, rave

We will write a test. Then we will go have lunch.

 

 

**when- time

Call me when you get home.

She will go shopping when she will be is free.

The little kid has a nap when he is tired.

He can go to sleep when he gets home.

 

 

STEP 1  because if when

Let’s take out a piece of paper. Write a few complex sentences using the words ‘because’, ‘if’, and ‘when’.

 

 

 

‘unless’ – related to ‘if’, opposite of ‘if’

We will go watch a movie if we are free tonight.

We will go watch a movie unless we are busy tonight.

I will call my mum if my internet is not cut off.

I will call my mum unless my internet is cut off.

 

I absented was absent yesterday because I had a doctor’s appointment.

absent-adj

She will practice (playing) piano when she has some freetime.

He will practice (speaking) English when he goes out shopping.

 

We cancelled the picnic because of the rain. SIMPLE SENTENCE

We cancelled the picnic because it is/was raining. COMPLEX SENTENCE

 

Although I have a lot on my plate, I will go to the party.

I will go to the party although I have a lot on my plate.

IDIOM busy

 

when/while

when- time

Call your sister when you get home.

while- two things happening at the same time

She was watching TV while he was cleaning the house.

She was watching TV while she was eating.

 

while(noun) It has been a while since we talked.

 

in spite of / although

although/even though/though – same meaning

We are going to go the beach even though it is chilly today. adverb cl

We are going to go the beach although it is chilly today. adverb cl

We are going to go the beach though* it is chilly today. adverb cl

*sounds more casual, good for talking

 

We are going to go the beach in spite of NOUN. SIMPLE SENT

We are going to go the beach in spite of the cold. SIMPLE SENT

 

although SV

in spite of NOUN

He bought a new iphone even though it was very expensive.

He bought a new iphone in spite of the high price/cost.

 

In spite of all the challenges, I like living in Canada.

 

In spite of having a lot on my plate, I will go to the party tonight.

gerund-noun

 

since- two meanings – 1.time 2.reason

I have lived in Vancouver since/from 2022. SIMPLE SENT

I have lived in Vancouver since SV 2022. COMPLEX SENT-ADV CL

I have lived in Vancouver since I moved here in 2022. COMPLEX SENT-ADV CL

They both have approximately the same meaning. There are two different sentence styles. You can choose which one you want to use in any given situation.

 

since- reason, same as ‘because’

She is scared of dogs because/since a dog jumped on her when she

was little.

The picnic is back on because/since the forecast looks good.

 

The picnic was cancelled; now it is back on.

 

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