EF45
Today’s agenda:
·
Practice simple future for homework- email to me
·
Test1 – first paragraph, topic of goalsetting
(at least 150ww)
1 hr at the end
Friday
·
Begin complex sentences- adverb clauses, adjective
clauses, noun clauses
·
review simple future- your examples from
homework
Monday
·
Verb tense- present progressive ‘ing’
·
Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses
Simple future
will – decide right now
am going to- already decided to
As an English speaker, that’s how we use them.
will- You can read a boom or go for a walk. I will go for a
walk.
am going to -This weekend, I am going to be driving my kid
around all weekend.
MODAL AUXILIARIES can could might may should would
will shall
have to ought
to have to
have got to be going
to
will-future
will- can Can you
help me? Will you help me? Will you pick the kids up? Will you do my a favour? Can you do me a favour?
You are at your job. You put your coat and hat on. Your
colleague says, “Where are you going?”
“I am going to go get a coffee.”
You walk to the coffee shop.
“How can I help you? Can I get you something?”
“I’ll have a double-shot no-fat almond milk latte with
whipped cream, please.”
Coffee shop
“Could/Can/May I have a coffee?
“I’ll have a coffee, please.”
“Give me a coffee.”
HW
For homework, try a few sentences from your own imagination
that use simple future. Try some with ‘will’, and try some with ‘be going to’.
Email them to me. We will share them tomorrow.
ahaley@vsb.bc.ca
DIFFERENCE:
I want to visit my mom. – expresses a desire, wish
I am going to visit my mom (tomorrow). -expresses a
firm plan of action
I am going to blah blah blah.
Talk is cheap.
Austrialia SLANG ‘a
gunner’
‘I’m gunner do this. I’m gunner do that’
Modals are
auxiliary verbs that are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation/necessity,
possibility, invitation, permission, or requests. Below is a list of the most
useful modals and their most common meanings:
auxiliary
– extra AUX
Modal Meaning Example
can to express ability I can speak English very
well.
can to request permission Can I go to Foundations 4?
could to express possibility I could help you tomorrow.
may to express possibility I may be late for class.
may to
request permission May I take
the test again,
please?
might to express possibility She might call you later.
must to express obligation I must leave at 4 o’clock.
must to express strong belief You must be kidding!
should to give advice You should go to the doctor.
will to show future I
will not take my car today.
would to request or offer Would you prefer a tea or
coffee?
would in if-sentences If I were you, I would complain.
shall – used very rarely, too formal “Let take
our ten-minute break,
shall we?”
If you
want to use, you can use for a very formal-sounding invitation.
“Shall we
leave?”
Japanese
movie, remade in English “Shall We Dance?”
“Shall we ダンス?”
very
polite invitation – shall, rare
HIGHER
LEVEL MODALS
There are
also two and three-word modals,
Two-word
modals:
had better - should
have to - must
ought to - should
used to – habit in the past
Three-word modals:
be able to - can
be going to – similar to ‘will’
be supposed to – strong ‘should’, expectation
have got to – strong must
***
IMPORTANT
Most
anything you want to say can be expressed with a one-word modal.
Examples:
have to- I
have to pick up my daughter tonight at work.
You have to go to bed.
must- very strong
The grammar is like this:
modal + infinitive without ‘to’
e.g. can
+ to eat
can
eat
The
teenager can eat three slices of pizza.
will + to
finish
The
builders will finish the project by early December.
have to + to
call
Maria has
to call her sister about the party.
Jun has
to lose weight.
be
supposed to + to go
John is
supposed to go to the party, but he might be too
busy.
modal + another verb
can + infinitive –‘to’
can + to run
can run THE VERB DOESN’T CHANGE
I can run. You can run. The dog can run. Your
grandmother can run.
modal verb do not change with the subject
I run. You run. She runs.
Two-word modals
had better – strong
‘should’
You should to stop smoking. You had
better stop smoking.-stronger
You had better call your doctor and
reup/refill your medication.
You had better get your schoolwork in
order.
have to – must
You have to get to work on time.
You must get to work on time.
The Grade 10 students have to study
more than they did in Grade 9.
We have to pay the bills.
ought to – should
I ought to call my sister. I haven’t
spoken with her in several years.
You should call your mother.
I should have to graduate from
SHEC before I can go to college.
I must graduate from SHEC before I can
go to college.
used to- did in the past, not now, no one-word
equivalent
Sarah used to do yoga, but now she is
too busy with family and work.
Bhin used to live in Thailand, but she
has been in Canada for many years.
Mei used to travel a lot, but not so
much in the last few years due to Covid.
Joe used to be married.
He used to drink a lot. That’s why his
wife got rid of him.
She gave him the boot.
LOOK SIMILAR, DIFFERENT MEANINGS
MODAL used to- did in the past, no longer do
CONFUSING
NOT A MODAL get/be used to- feel comfortable, be
familiar with
Shirin didn’t like Vancouver at first, but
then she got used to it.
Jes gets up early every morning. He doesn’t
mind. He is used to getting up early.
Dave is not used to trying different
kinds of food. He is picky/fussy/choosy.
Three-word
modals
be able to-
can
She is
not able to come to the meeting tomorrow.
I am
not able to come to class Friday. I can’t come to class Friday.
She
can’t come to the meeting tomorrow.
Sarah can
speak English, Farsi, and French.
Sarah is
able to speak English, Farsi, and French.
Can you pick
up some almond milk before you come home?
POLITE Are
you able to pick up some almond milk before you come home?
She is not
able / unable to make it to school today.
She can’t
come to school today.
Jose has
been unable to walk since his accident.
I am
unable to take your call. Please leave me a message.
The
difference between ‘be going to’ and ‘will’.
When did
the make the decision?
right now
– will
in the
past – am going to
be supposed to – should/must, obligation, your
responsibility
I was supposed to get some dog food,
but I forgot.
I am supposed to put my stuff in
storage today.
I am supposed to work today.
have got to- very strong ‘must’
You have got to take your medication on
time.
I have to pick up my son after school.
I have got to eat breakfast, or I will
feel faint.
You have got to check your stove before
you leave your place.
Mom, you have got to remember to turn off the
stove.
Exercises:
Choose appropriate modals for each:
1. I didn’t
feel very well yesterday. I _____
eat anything.
2. You _____
look at me when I am talking to you.
3. I was
using my pencil a minute ago. It _____
here somewhere!
4. My boss
told me that I really _____ be late again to work.
5. If you
don’t start working harder, you _____ repeat the course next year.
6. Phone her
now. She _____ be home by now.
7. You _____ forget
your sunscreen. It’s going to be very
hot!
8. I _____ be
able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.
9. Mozart
_____ play the piano beautifully as a child.
10.
I really _____ try to get fit.
11.
_____ I take a photograph of you?
12.
Students _____ borrow up to 15 books at any
time.
13.
Whose bag is this? I don’t know, but it _____ belong to Yuta.
14.
_____ I go to the bathroom, please?
15.
His excuse _____ be true, but I don’t believe
it.
16.
_____ you speak French? Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty
good.
17.
_____ you help me move this table?
18.
I _____ help you, but I don’t want to.
19.
_____ you open the window, please.
20.
I _____ move the table. It was too heavy.
21.
You _____ eat so much chocolate. It’s not good for you.
22.
I’m afraid I _____ play tennis tomorrow. I’ve got a dentist appointment.
23.
You can come to the meeting if you want but
you _____.
24.
I’m so hungry I _____ eat a horse!
25.
The test starts at 10.30. You _____ be late.
26.
How did you do in the test? Ok. It _____
worse!
27.
You _____ tired. You’ve only just got out of
bed!
28.
_____ be very pleased with herself. She got
the best grades.
Test1
Write a paragraph of about 150 words.
Choose one of your goals. Write about what it is and the steps
that you can take to achieve your goal.
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