EF45
Wednesday – Hump Day
Lots of chores on the weekend.
I am going to climb a mountain on Saturday- Laundry
Mountain.
Today’s agenda:
·
Verb tense- quick review of the verb tenses so
far
New verb tense- past progressive
·
Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses
Practice and homework
·
Listening work
Thursday
·
Continue complex sentences- adverb clauses- your
example from homework
·
Continue past progressive
Friday
·
Quiz- complex sentences- adverb clauses
·
Read for homework
Monday
Tuesday
·
Test- paragraph
Review of verb tenses so far:
Simple present- always, usually,
fact, state
Simple past- one event finished
Simple future- one event in the
future “will” “am going to”
Present continuous/progressive- is
walking- happening right now, temporary
I have a gig tonight. gig-musical performance
Sarah McLachlan
Canadian singer-songwriter
New verb tense: past progressive
past progressive - ‘ing’ , happening in the past
auxiliary verb + ‘ing” verb
Dora was watching a movie
last night. past progressive
Dora watched a movie last
night. simple past
Why would we use past progressive
instead in simple past?
1. the past progressive action was
interrupted by some other action
2. two actions happening at the same
time
Dora watched a movie last
night.
1. interruption
Dora was watching
a movie last night when the doorbell rang.
2.
two things happening
simultaneously
Dora was watching
a movie while her husband was making supper.
Interruption
I was driving my car, and I saw a
deer.
We were dancing when you arrived.
Dora was watching a movie and
eating popcorn her brother turned off the TV.
Two actions at the same time
I was driving while my daughter
was sleeping in the front seat.
Sarah was working on her homework while
her sister was listening to music.
when/while- different
when- one point in time Call me when you are free.
while- two actions at the same
time Don’t call me when while I
am driviing.
I arrived at the bus stop while
the bus was leaving.
The bus was leaving as I arrived
at the bus stop. COMPLEX- ADVERB CL
as- exactly at the same time
John broke his leg when/while he
was playing football.
past progressive- Mary was
travelling in/around Japan when the big earthquake hit.
A big earthquake hit while Mary
was travelling in/around Japan.
I was working when I heard the
news about the bike lane being closed in Stanley Park.
I was working when I heard the
news about the bike lane being closed in Stanley Park.
My dog was barking while the thief
was robbing our house.
BASIC USAGE OF PAST PROGRESSIVE:
1. interruption
Dora was watching
a movie last night when the doorbell rang.
2.
two things happening
simultaneously
Dora was watching
a movie while her husband was making supper.
simultaneously- at the same time
Continue with complex sentences:
-adverb clauses
THREE MOST COMMON ONES
because – give a reason
if- maybe yes, maybe no
when- time
Sarah couldn’t go to the party because
she was working. adverb clause
Sarah couldn’t go to the party because
she was sick. adverb clause
A
B
Mei will buy a new pair of boots if
there is a sale.
A depends on B B controls A
A B
You can go to UBC if you get
accepted.
We will go to the park if it is
not raining on Saturday.
even if A does not depend on B
A B
We will go to the park if it is
not raining on Saturday.
A B
We will go to the park even if
it is raining on Saturday.
He goes to the gym even if he is tired.
I go out dancing even if my
husband tells me to stay home.
I won’t go shopping even if there
is a big sale.
*when -time
Call your sister when you get home.
COMPLEX SENTENCE adverb clause
She goes to bed when she is tired.
We eat when we are hungry.
When are you going to be finished?
SIMPLE Interrogative
So far these are the sentence
types that we have been learning:
*SIMPLE
SV SSV
SVV Imperative Interrogative
It is raining today.
*COMPOUND
, FANBOYS – not the most
useful way to look at it
, SOBA , so
, or , but , and
– more useful in my opinion, 90% of the time
SV, SOBA SV.
Marin is tired, so she wants to have a nap.
SV, so SV.
SV, or SV.
SV, but SV.
SV, and SV.
*COMPLEX
-adverb clause- today, next
week
-noun clause- next week
-adjective clause – next
week
** Adverb clauses***
adverb modifies a verb,
usually a ‘ly’ word
She sings beautifully.
‘beautifully’ talking about the verb ‘sings’
She has a beautiful
voice. adjective
adverb – describes a verb
beautiful – adjective, describes
a noun Her smile is beautiful.
She smiles beautifully. adv
He smiled nervously.
Her smile is beautiful. adj
His smile was nervous.
He walks slowly.
quickly
carefully- You drive your
car carefully.
nervously-
He does his work seriously.
She did the math
homework correctly.
irregular goodly
well She speaks English very well.
good (adj) The cookies look
good.
well (adv) He bakes
really well. He is a good baker.
She speaks English well. adverb
She is a good speaker. adjective good describes ‘speaker’, noun, not the verb
The grandmother teaches her
grandson how to tie his shoes.
angrily? quickly? patiently?
carefully?
I am learning English slowly
but surely.
expand the idea of adverbs
into adverb clauses – S+V
- adverb clause- subject + verb
SV
THREE MOST COMMON WORDS FOR
ADVERB CLAUSES:
because if when
Most of the time, we use
these three words. – high frequency, used often , all day long, every day
OTHER WORDS THAT MIGHT NOT
BE AS FAMILIAR
since
unless
even though
*TRUTH- BIG SMALL SECRET: You only need about 8-10
Let’s focus on these three to begin with: because if
when
**because- give a reason why
She is tired today because she had insomnia last night.
insomnia = couldn’t sleep
I had insomnia because I was worried about my sister.
IDIOM tossing and turning I
was tossing and turning all night.
She is
tired today because she had
insomnia last night. adverb clause
She is
tired today because she couldn’t
sleep last night. adverb clause
I had insomnia because I was
thinking about my sister.
I am
happy because my son is visiting
us.
She is
upset because her teacher gave them
too much homework.
She is upset because of the bad news. SIMPLE
She is upset because SV bad news.
She is upset because she got
some bad news COMPLEX SENT- ADVERB CL
Comma usage with adverb clauses
She is
tired today because she couldn’t
sleep last night. no comma
Because she couldn’t sleep
last night, she is tired today. comma
I am
happy because my son is visiting
us. no comma
Because my son is visiting
us, I am happy. comma
She is
upset because her teacher gave them
too much homework. no comma
Because her teacher gave
them too much homework, she is upset. comma
Doris brought her umbrella because it is raining.
Because it is raining, Doris brought her umbrella.
Commas with adverbs clauses- You will see difeerent styles from
different writers. I am teaching you some simple firm rules to follow. As you
become stronger writers, you can choose your own comma usage.
Like driving lessons – 10&2 on the steering wheel
Some teacher say ‘Never start a sentence with ‘because’. This is not
really true.
You can if you want. Remember the comma.
e.g.
Maris is wearing a sweater because it is chilly today.
Because it is chilly today, Maris is wearing a sweater.
SEVERAL WAYS TO GIVE THE SAME INFORMATION
Maris is wearing a sweater. It is chilly today. SIMPLES
Maris is wearing a sweater because it is chilly today. COMPLEX- ADV
CL
Because it is chilly today, Maris is wearing a sweater. COMPLEX- ADV
CL
It is chilly today, so Maris is wearing a sweater. COMPOUND
It is chilly today; therefore, Maris is wearing a sweater. COMPOUND
If you can learn this, you can do anything in English.
Our goals! We want to be able to write in all of these styles.
More examples:
1.
Joe bought new dress shoes
because he has a job interview.
Because Joe has a job interview, he bought new dress shoes.
*Use the name first, then the pronoun.
Janet called her sister.
2.
Sam is quite nervous because
she has her first presentation today.
Because she Sam has her first presentation today, Sam
she is quite nervous.
3.
Sam is really good at typing
because he always types at work.
Because he Sam always types at work, Sam he is really
good at typing it.
Good for EF34567, English 10,11,12, college, university.
If you can master these sentence styles, you will be good to go.
EF7 and Eng 10 -same level
EF7 is for people who graduated high school already.
Eng.10 is for people who have not graduated high school already.
IDIOM good to go- ready, ready for anything
because & so - closely related, different usage
Mei is hungry because she
skipped breakfast. COMPLEX-adverb cl
Mei skipped breakfast, so
she is hungry. COMPOUND
because/so – similar
meaning, different usage
It’s up to you which way
you want to write it. Both are excellent.
Joe was hungry, so he ate a
sandwich. COMPOUND
Joe ate a sandwich because
he was hungry. COMPLEX
**if- maybe yes, maybe no,
undecided
Sarah will go for a walk if
the rain stops.
If the rain stops, Sarah will go for a walk.
Sarah will go for a walk if
it stops raining.
Junko will wear a skirt if
it is not raining.
If it is not raining, Junko
will wear a skirt.
If it is raining, she will
wear pants and rainboots.
SLANG puddle jumpers - rainboots,
rubber boots
We will go to the party if
we’re free.
If we’re free, we’ll go to
the party.
Her son will go play soccer
if it is not too windy.
If it is not too windy, her
son will go play soccer.
EXPRESSION IN ENGLISH – If
my grandmother had wheels, she would be a wagon.
VERB FORM- go V
go play- play
Let’s go play soccer. –
leave here and do something in another place
Go do your homework.
I am going to go fold the
laundry.
She likes to go dancing.
Where is she going? nightclub, studio, party, rave
We will write a test. Then
we will go have lunch.
**when- time
Call me when you get home.
She will go shopping when
she is free.
The little kid has a nap
when he is tired.
He can go to sleep when he
gets home.
STEP 1 because if when
STEP 2 Let’s try some
others.
**I teach these in my
English 10/11.
When you learn these 24,
you will be a star in your English class!
time- after,
before, since, ever since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if, even if,
provided that, unless
manner- as, as if,
though, although, even though, so ... that
cause- because,
since
purpose- in order that,
in order to, so that,
* after, before- time
The kids did their homework
after dinner. SIMPLE
The kids did their homework
after SV dinner. COMPLEX- ADV CL
The kids did their homework
after they finished/ate/had their dinner. COMPLEX- ADV CL
Maris went for a walk
before school. SIMPLE
Maris dropped her kids off
at school before she went to work. COMPLEX- ADV CL
*since – two meanings – reason
‘because’, time
since – reason
Maria has two dogs and two
cats because/since she loves animals.
Since Maria loves animals so much, she has two dogs and two cats.
since- time
I have been living in this
house since 1995. SIMPLE
I have been living in this
house since SV 1995. COMPLEX- ADV CL
I have been living in this
house since I moved to Vancouver in 1995. COMPLEX- ADV CL
Dora has played soccer since
she was 10. COMPLEX- ADV CL
**
GOOD POINT Present perfect verb tense goes well with ‘since’.
Mei
has been very busy since she started classes at South Hill. TIME
Mei
has been picking up extra shifts at work since she is saving for university
tuition. REASON
People
will understand your meaning from context.
present
perfect verb tense– useful verb tense-
started in the past, goes until now
Jaswinder
has lived in Vancouver since 1996. SIMPLE
Chrissy
has been doing yoga since she was a teenager. persent perfect progressive
*when/while
-time
when
– one time
while-
two things happening at the same time
The
little kid laughed when he saw a clown.
Jas
was reading a book while her sister was cooking.
Don’t
text when you are driving. XXX small error
Don’t
text while you are driving. – two actions at the same time
Text
me when/while you get home.
Text
me when/while you are walking home.
while
– progressive
I
like to watch movies while I eat my supper/dinner.
I
like to watch movies when I eat my supper/dinner. doesn’t sound as good
supper
– casual at home
dinner-
fancier, restaurant, Xmas dinner
while
– contrast, difference (not very common)
My
daughter is very shy while my son is very outgoing.
Vancouver
is very rainy while Cairo is very dry. COMPLEX- adv cl
Vancouver
is very rainy, but Cairo is very dry. COMPOUND
While
Egypt has many rivers and lakes, Morocco has a large desert.
Although/
Even though- much more common
Egypt
has many rivers and lakes; however, Morocco has a large desert.
While Even though Sami is tall, handsome
and rich, he has few friends. MORE AUTHENTIC SOUNDING
When you learn these 24, you will be a star
in your English class!
time- after,
before, since, ever since, until, when, whenever,
while
place- wherever
condition - if, even if, provided that, unless
manner- as, as if, though, although, even
though, so ... that
cause- because, since
purpose- in order that, in order to, so
that,
Let’s do some practice. Write some
sentences from your own imagination using some of these words. Email some to
me.
*until – time, waiting
Jun will wait until SV.
Jun will wait until you finish your supper.
*whenever – every time, any time, not as
specific in time as ‘when’
We go to Granville Island whenever my
grandmother visits Vancouver.
You can go play video games whenever your
homework is done.
*even if, opposite of ‘if’
A B
Jun will go to your party if you invite her.
A depends on B
A B
Jun will not go to your party even if you invite her.
A is not affected by B, B does not change A
We will go to the beach tonight even if it
is raining.
We will go to the beach tonight if it is
not raining.
*provided that ‘if’ for important things
You can some ice cream if you finish your
supper.
You can go to UBC provided that you meet
the entry requirements.
*although, even though, though – all the
same meaning
‘though’ is a bit more casual, good for
talking
although, even though- good for writing
Mei went for a run even though she was
tired.
You continue to develop your English even
though / although it is challenging.
Julia came to the meeting even though
she was sick.
I will talk with you even though I am busy.
difficult- challenging
My life in Vancouver is very challenging.
I will eat that cake even though I am on a
diet.
Even though Mei was tired, she went for a
run.
Even though Mei was tired, she still went
for a run.
even though still – go together well
Although living in Vancouver is very challenging,
I love this city.
although
but
although – complex
but- compound
Although
living in Vancouver is very challenging, but I love this city.
Choose one:
Although
living in Vancouver is very challenging, I love this city. COMPLEX
Living in Vancouver is very challenging, but
I love this city. COMPOUND
because She
is tired because she was up late last night. COMPLEX
so She
was up late last night, so she is tired. COMPOUND
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